Developments in Fire Sprinkler Technology

Rice,Douglas 한국화재소방학회 1997 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1997 No.-

Technology in fire sprinklers has exploded. There is more private fire sprinkler research now than ever before. New technology in fire sprinklers has tested the existing standard and found that it was wrong in some cases, it has provided new sprinklers that control fire better while reducing the cost of the overall system. This expansion of the types and applications of fire sprinklers has created a great need for education for the Authorities Having Jurisdiction and the Engineer as they must be able to make informed decisions regarding this new technology. Significant research has been done at Factory Mutual Research Corporation and Underwriters Laboratory in the United States. Full scale fire testing is done to prove any new technology did not lower the level of protection of existing fire sprinkler system installations. In each and every case, the existing level of fire protection was the baseline against which the new sprinklers were tested. This level can not be lowered for the test to be considered a success. This is intended to be an overview of the developments in fire sprinklers. Although extensive detail is not included, the overall aspects of these developments can be discussed. The research that will be covered will include the following general subjects: high piled and rack storage sprinkler protection without in-rack sprinklers, extended coverage and quick response sprinklers for ordinary and light hazard occupancies, as well as special sprinklers and their applications.

Wastewater Utilization: A Place for Managed Wetlands - Review -

Humenik, F.J.,Szogi, A.A.,Hunt, P.G.,Broome, S.,Rice, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1999 Animal Bioscience Vol.12 No.4

Constructed wetlands are being used for the removal of nutrients from livestock wastewater. However, natural vegetation typically used in constructed wetlands does not have marketable value. As an alternative, agronomic plants grown under flooded or saturated soil conditions that promote denitrification can be used. Studies on constructed wetlands for swine wastewater were conducted in wetland cells that contained either natural wetland plants or a combination of soybeans and rice for two years with the objective of maximum nitrogen reduction to minimize the amount of land required for terminal treatment. Three systems, of two 3.6 by 33.5 m wetland cells connected in series were used; two systems each contained a different combination of emergent wetland vegetation: rush/bulrush (system 1) and bur-reed/cattail (system 2). The third system contained soybean (Glycine max) in saturated-soil-culture (SSC) in the first cell, and flooded rice (Oryza sativa) in the second cell. Nitrogen (N) loading rates of 3 and $10kg\;ha^{-1}\;day^{-1}$ were used in the first and second years, respectively. These loading rates were obtained by mixing swine lagoon liquid with fresh water before it was applied to the wetland. The nutrient removal efficiency was similar in the rush/bulrush, bur-reed/cattails and agronomic plant systems. Mean mass removal of N was 94 % at the loading rate of $3kg\;N\;ha^{-1}\;day^{-1}$ and decreased to 71% at the higher rate of $10kg\;N\;ha^{-1}\;day^{-1}$. The two years means for above-ground dry matter production for rush/bulrushes and bur-reed/cattails was l2 and $33Mg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. Flooded rice yield was $4.5Mg\;ha^{-1}$ and soybean grown in saturation culture yielded $2.8Mg\;ha^{-1}$. Additionally, the performance of seven soybean cultivars using SSC in constructed wetlands with swine wastewater as the water source was evaluated for two years, The cultivar Young had the highest yield with 4.0 and $2.8Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in each year, This indicated that production of acceptable soybean yields in constructed wetlands seems feasible with SSC using swine lagoon liquid. Two microcosms studies were established to further investigate the management of constructed wetlands. In the first microcosm experiment, the effects of swine lagoon liquid on the growth of wetland plants at half (about 175 mg/l ammonia) and full strength (about 350 mg/l ammonia) was investigated. It was concluded that wetland plants can grow well in at least half strength lagoon liquid. In the second microcosm experiment, sequencing nitrification-wetland treatments was studied. When nitrified lagoon liquid was added in batch applications ($48kg\;N\;ha^{-1}\;day^{-1}$) to wetland microcosms the nitrogen removal rate was four to five times higher than when non-nitrified lagoon liquid was added. Wetland microcosms with plants were more effective than those with bare soil. These results suggest that vegetated wetlands with nitrification pretreatment are viable treatment systems for removal of large quantities of nitrogen from swine lagoon liquid.

民族音樂學의 再模型化를 爲하여

Timothy Rice,申大澈 서울대학교 동양음악연구소 1987 동양음악 Vol.9 No.-

사이버스페이스에서의 관할권 : 인터넷상의 증권거래에는 어떠한 법과 법원이 적용되는가? WHICH LAW AND FORUM APPLY TO SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS ON THE INTERNET?

Rice, Denis T. 東國大學校 大學院 法學科 商事法 2002 商事法 세미나 Vol.14 No.-

Physician payment reform in the United States

Rice, Thomas H. Yonsei University, College of Medicine 1991 Yonsei medical journal Vol.32 No.2

Broadening and anomalous infrared activity of the Hg-derived phonons in the metallic fullerides

Rice, M. J.,Choi, Han Yong,Mele, E. J.,Deshpande, M. 서울대학교 이론물리학연구센터 1995 연구논문집 Vol.4 No.-

Environmental Mercury and Its Toxic Effects

Rice, Kevin M.,Walker, Ernest M. Jr.,Wu, Miaozong,Gillette, Chris,Blough, Eric R. The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2014 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.47 No.2

Mercury exists naturally and as a man-made contaminant. The release of processed mercury can lead to a progressive increase in the amount of atmospheric mercury, which enters the atmospheric-soil-water distribution cycles where it can remain in circulation for years. Mercury poisoning is the result of exposure to mercury or mercury compounds resulting in various toxic effects depend on its chemical form and route of exposure. The major route of human exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) is largely through eating contaminated fish, seafood, and wildlife which have been exposed to mercury through ingestion of contaminated lower organisms. MeHg toxicity is associated with nervous system damage in adults and impaired neurological development in infants and children. Ingested mercury may undergo bioaccumulation leading to progressive increases in body burdens. This review addresses the systemic pathophysiology of individual organ systems associated with mercury poisoning. Mercury has profound cellular, cardiovascular, hematological, pulmonary, renal, immunological, neurological, endocrine, reproductive, and embryonic toxicological effects.

Enhancement of the Electron Spin Resonance of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Oxygen Removal

Rice, William D.,Weber, Ralph T.,Leonard, Ashley D.,Tour, James M.,Nikolaev, Pavel,Arepalli, Sivaram,Berka, Vladimir,Tsai, Ah-Lim,Kono, Junichiro American Chemical Society 2012 ACS NANO Vol.6 No.3

<P>We have observed a nearly 4-fold increase in the electron spin resonance (ESR) signal from an ensemble of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) due to oxygen desorption. By performing temperature-dependent ESR spectroscopy both before and after thermal annealing, we found that the ESR in SWCNTs can be reversibly altered <I>via</I> the molecular oxygen content in the samples. Independent of the presence of adsorbed oxygen, a Curie law (spin susceptibility ∝ 1/<I>T</I>) is seen from ∼4 to 300 K, indicating that the probed spins are finite-level species. For both the pre-annealed and post-annealed sample conditions, the ESR line width decreased as the temperature was increased, a phenomenon we identify as motional narrowing. From the temperature dependence of the line width, we extracted an estimate of the intertube hopping energy; for both sample conditions, we found this hopping energy to be ∼1.2 meV. Since the spin hopping energy changes only slightly when oxygen is desorbed, we conclude that only the spin susceptibility, not spin transport, is affected by the presence of physisorbed molecular oxygen in SWCNT ensembles. Surprisingly, no line width change is observed when the amount of oxygen in the SWCNT sample is altered, contrary to other carbonaceous systems and certain 1D conducting polymers. We hypothesize that physisorbed molecular oxygen acts as an acceptor (p-type), compensating the donor-like (n-type) defects that are responsible for the ESR signal in bulk SWCNTs.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2012/ancac3.2012.6.issue-3/nn204094s/production/images/medium/nn-2011-04094s_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn204094s'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Plasmon-Coupled CdSe/ZnS and CdTe/CdS/ZnS Coreshells for Hybrid Light Emitting Devices

Rice, Quinton,Hayes, Anderson,Jung, Sungsoo,Wang, Andrew,Cho, Hyoyoung,Kim, Wan-Joong,Yu, William,Abdel-Fattah, Mahmoud,Tabibi, Bagher,Seo, Jaetae American Scientific Publishers 2016 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.16 No.2

<P>Plasmon-coupled CdSe/ZnS and CdTe/CdS/ZnS coreshells are investigated for their optoelectronic applications because of their high color purity, wide optical tunability, large PL enhancement, and compact and easy integration into electronic devices. The quantum confinement of carriers within quantum dots (QDs) with sizes near the exciton Bohr radius (CdSe similar to 5.8 nm, CdTe similar to 7 nm) exhibits the features of discrete energy states and blue -shift from the bulk bandgap (CdSe 718 nm, CdTe 863 nm) in the optical spectrum. While the fluorescence from the QDs is attributable to the exciton carrier recombination, large PL enhancement and fast emission time is achieved through plasmonexciton coupling via the Coulomb interaction, Large PL enhancement of QDs in the vicinity of plasmonic particles was observed and attributed to the reduction of the non-radiative decay rate and large local field enhancement. The large PL enhancement and wide optical tunability along with high color purity from plasmon-coupled QDs enables the realization of hybrid LEDs.</P>

Flexible smart sensor framework for autonomous structural health monitoring

Rice, Jennifer A.,Mechitov, Kirill,Sim, Sung-Han,Nagayama, Tomonori,Jang, Shinae,Kim, Robin,Spencer, Billie F. Jr.,Agha, Gul,Fujino, Yozo Techno-Press 2010 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.6 No.5

Wireless smart sensors enable new approaches to improve structural health monitoring (SHM) practices through the use of distributed data processing. Such an approach is scalable to the large number of sensor nodes required for high-fidelity modal analysis and damage detection. While much of the technology associated with smart sensors has been available for nearly a decade, there have been limited numbers of fulls-cale implementations due to the lack of critical hardware and software elements. This research develops a flexible wireless smart sensor framework for full-scale, autonomous SHM that integrates the necessary software and hardware while addressing key implementation requirements. The Imote2 smart sensor platform is employed, providing the computation and communication resources that support demanding sensor network applications such as SHM of civil infrastructure. A multi-metric Imote2 sensor board with onboard signal processing specifically designed for SHM applications has been designed and validated. The framework software is based on a service-oriented architecture that is modular, reusable and extensible, thus allowing engineers to more readily realize the potential of smart sensor technology. Flexible network management software combines a sleep/wake cycle for enhanced power efficiency with threshold detection for triggering network wide operations such as synchronized sensing or decentralized modal analysis. The framework developed in this research has been validated on a full-scale a cable-stayed bridge in South Korea.