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Ri-zhao Chen,Michael G. Kleinb,YuLi,Qi-yun Li,Cheng-fa Sheng 한국응용곤충학회 2014 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.17 No.4
Scarab beetles are agriculturally important worldwide, and as adults or larvae they may cause damage to theleaves, flowers, fruit, and roots of crops. Previous international studies showed that Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica,Newman) lures, and structurally related chemicals, can attract numerous scarabs. Based on those studies,season-long trials in grape, cabbage, corn and soybean fieldswere conducted in 2012–2013 in NE China. Tests determinedthe attractiveness of the Japanese beetle floral lure (phenethyl propionate:eugenol:geraniol, 3:7:3) andsex attractant (Japonilure), alone, combined, or in a mixture with either (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, anethole = 1-methoxy-4-propenyl benzene or benzyl alcohol, to local Coleoptera. Furthermore, control efficacies based onleaf, ear, and silk damage, as well as reductions of adults on plants, and overwintering larvae, were also determined. Eleven scarab species, and four non-scarab species, were captured. The addition of other chemicals increasedthe attractiveness of the two Japanese beetle lures to scarabs such as Potosia brevitarsis (Lewis),Oxycetonia jecunda Faldermann, Holotrichia diomphalia Bates et al., Popillia quadriguttata (Fabricius), Maladeraverticalis (Fairmaire), and Metabolus impressifrons Fairmaire, and the chrysomelid beetle Chrysomela populi L. The floral lure, and floral lure plus Japonilure baited traps resulted in N80% overwintering larvae and adult reductionsin corn and cabbage fields, whereas the Japonilure traps gave similar results in the soybean fields. This indicatesthat the commercial Japanese beetle lure combination can be recommended for use by the Chinesefarmers in the corn or soybean fields, and that the related chemicals can be used to increase the attractivenessof the Japanese beetle lures.
Ri-zhao Chen,Michael G. Kleinb,Cheng-fa Sheng,Yu Li,Qi-yun Li 한국응용곤충학회 2013 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.16 No.4
Popillia quadriguttata (Fabricius), and Protaetia brevitarsis (Lewis) adults were captured with Japanese beetle,Popillia japonica Newman, sex attractant and floral lures at Changchun, China during July–August 2012. The floral lure (phenethyl propionate:eugenol:geraniol, 3:7:3) was attractive to male and female P. quadriguttata (AV: 1.2 ± 0.9; 1.1 ± 0.3; total: 2.3 ± 0.8), and was similar in attraction to the combination of the sex attractant (SA) [(R, Z)-5-(1-decenyl) dihydro-2(3H)-furanone] plus the floral lure formale (1.60 ± 0.2), female (1.30 ± 1.1)and total captures (2.9 ± 3.0). However, the SA alone captured only males in much higher numbers than when combined with the floral lure (10.0 ± 6.4). In a separate earlier test, the greatest number of P. quadriguttata males (12.5 ± 3.0), female (12.2 ± 1.5) and total captures (24.7 ± 2.5) was in yellow, laboratory-made, bottle traps. The floral lure also attracted female Pro. brevitarsis (10.0 ± 3.4),while the SA attracted only fewmale beetles (1.0 ± 0.2). The combination SA + floral lure captured similar females (11.0 ± 2.0) and total (14.2 ± 2.2)Pro. brevitarsis as the floral lure alone. Two butterflies, Colias erate poliographus (Motschulsky) and Pieris rapae (Linnaeus), were also attracted to the floral lure. These studies indicate a potential for replacing pesticides by using the Japanese beetle lures for monitoring and control of several insects in China, and that theywould be useful in monitoring and eradication of two potential scarab pests, P. quadriguttata and Pro. brevitaris, in the United States and Europe
Ri-zhao Chen,Michael G. Kleinb,Qi-yun Li,Lian-Bing Li,Peng-Pei Li,Cheng-fa Sheng 한국응용곤충학회 2015 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.18 No.4
Many Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), Asian corn borer, moths inhabit non-corn fields during the second generation, and could fly into corn fields and cause damage. Therefore, during 2013–2014, O. furnacalis pheromone baited Delta traps were distributed to investigate captures in different host habitats, such as corn fields preceded by various crops, or soybean fields neighboring corn. Months captured from various host fields were evaluated in the laboratory for fecundity, female longevity and mating behavior. The sex ratio of females to males from black light baited water traps deployed in soybean and corn fields was also compared. More males were found in the soybean fields, and catches decreased in traps going fromthe field center toward a corn field. This indicates that males in soybeans were not moving into nearby corn fields. No significant differences were noted in sex ratios, life span and fecundity of females between locations. Therefore the O. furnacalis females apparently lay eggs in their initial habitat but may move to soybeans for mating.
Genome-wide analysis of codon usage bias patterns in an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F18 strain
Ri Wei Xia,Wen Bin Bao,Xue Mei Yin,Wei Yun Qin,Guo Qiang Zhu,Sheng Long Wu 한국유전학회 2017 Genes & Genomics Vol.39 No.11
Enterogenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F18 strains are the main pathogenic bacteria causing severe diarrhea in humans and domestic animals. However, the information about synonymous codon usage pattern of ETEC F18 genome remains unclear. We conducted a genome-wide analysis of synonymous codon usage patterns in the ETEC F18 strain SRA: SAMN02471895. After filtering of the complete genome sequence, 4327 coding sequences were analyzed using multivariate statistical methods to calculate synonymous codon usage patterns and to evaluate the influence of various factors in shaping the codon usage. The mean GC content was 51.38%, with a slight preference for G/C-ending codons. Twenty-two codons were determined as ‘‘optimal codons”. ENC plots showed some of the genes were on or close to the expected curve, while only points with low-ENC values were below the curve. PR2 analysis showed that GC and AT were not used proportionally, suggesting major roles for mutational pressure and natural selection in shaping usage. Neutrality plots showed a significant correlation between GC12 and GC3, suggesting that mutational pressure is responsible for nucleotide composition in shaping the strength of codon usage. Translational selection was the main factor shaping the codon usage pattern of ETEC F18 genome, while other factors such as protein length, GRAVY and ARO values also influenced codon usage to some extent. We analyzed the codon usage pattern systematically and identified the factors shaping codon usage bias in the ETEC F18 genome. Such information further elucidates the mechanisms of synonymous codon usage bias and provides the basis of molecular genetic engineering and evolutionary studies.
( Yong-sheng Tian ),( Jing Xu ),( Lei-chen ),( Xiao-yan Fu ),( Ri-he Peng ),( Quan-hong Yao ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2017 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.27 No.10
Thermostability is an important property of xylanase because high temperature is required for its applications, such as wood pulp bleaching, baking, and animal feedstuff processing. In this study, XynB from Thermobacillus composti, a moderately thermophilic gram-negative bacterium, was modified via site-directed mutagenesis (based on its 3D structure) to obtain thermostable xylanase, and the properties of this enzyme were analyzed. Results revealed that the half-life of xylanase at 65°C increased from 10 to 50 min after a disulfide bridge was introduced between the α-helix and its adjacent β-sheet at S98 and N145. Further mutation at the side of A153E named XynB-CE in the C-terminal of this α-helix enhanced the half-life of xylanase for 60 min at 65°C. Therefore, the mutant may be utilized for industrial applications.
( Ai Sheng Xiong ),( Quan Hong Yao ),( Ri He Peng ),( Xian Li ),( Hui Qin Fan ),( Mei Jin Guo ),( Si Liang Zhang ) 생화학분자생물학회 2004 BMB Reports Vol.37 No.3
Phytases catalyze the release of phosphate from phytic acid. Phytase-producing microorganisms were selected by culturing the soil extracts on agar plates containing phytic acid. Two hundred colonies that exhibited potential phytase activity were selected for further study. The colony showing the highest phytase activity was identified as Aspergillus niger and designated strain 113. The phytase gene from A. niger 113 (phyII) was isolated, cloned, and characterized. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence identity between phyII and phyA from NRRL3135 were 90% and 98%, respectively. The identity between phyII and phyA from SK-57 was 89% and 96%. A synthetic phytase gene, phyIIs, was synthesized by successive PCR and transformed into the yeast expression vector carrying a signal peptide that was designed and synthesized using P. pustoris biased codon. For the phytase expression and secretion, the construct was integrated into the genome of I? pustoris by homologous recombination. Over-expressing strains were selected and fermented. It was discovered that -4.2 g phytase could be purified from one liter of culture fluid. The activity of the resulting phytase was 9.5 U/mg. Due to the heavy glycosylation, the expressed phytase varied in size (120, 95, 85, and 64 kDa), but could be deglycosylated to a homogeneous 64 kDa species. An enzymatic kinetics analysis showed that the phytase had two pH optima (pH 2.0 and pH 5.0) and anoptimum temperature of 60℃.