Adjustable Drawing Table and T-Square Rack with Lock

Reynaldo G. Salamat,Allen N. Maroma ASCONS 2020 IJASC Vol.2 No.1

Background/Objectives: The focus of this paper is to develop an Adjustable Drawing Table and T-square Rack with Lock that can secure the t-squares, triangles and other drawing materials that draftsman, architects, and engineers used in making plates and plans. Methods/Statistical analysis: The rack’s structure consists of 40 sets of bended plain sheet panels. The first 20 panels have a length of 0.80m while the remaining 20 has a length of 0.50m. All panels have the same width which is 0.20m. It has a frame with length of 2.30m. The T-square rack can be converted into a table. The table is made up of ply board with a thickness of ¾ and 1.10x0.78m in size. There are two tables located behind the rack. Findings: It has two drawers that can accommodate 40 pcs. triangle. It has a wing nut that serves as a lock when rotating the table at different angle. Improvements/Applications: A removable table top when it is not needed and detachable second rack from its main rack.

TOURISM AMONG MALAYSIAN FAMILIES

Reynaldo Gacho Segumpan 세계문화관광학회 2007 Conference Proceedings Vol.8 No.0

Tourism is one of the growing industries that have taken big strides in promoting Malaysia locally and abroad. This paper attempted to determine tourism activities among Malaysian families. Specifically, it sought to find out the (1) frequency of family travel in a year; (2) place of travel; (3) destination preferences for local tourism; (4) amount spent for local and overseas travel; and, (5) extent of decision-making involvement in tourism. The study also aimed at identifying the factors that influence family decision-making in tourism. The findings showed that 37.5% of the respondents traveled twice a year. Majority (75%) of them preferred a local destination. Their destinations included beaches, urban cities, and hilly sites. When it comes to the amount spent (USD1 = RM3.45) for local travel, the figure ranged from RM501 (35%) to RM1,500 (35%). The family had a "joint decision-making" (between husband and wife) regarding the need for the travel, choice of destination, choice of travel, choice of food, spending, planning for a vacation, and making decisions during the trip. The top five perceived factors that influence decisions of family to travel locally and/or abroad were allocation of money and cost, family safety, family togetherness, access to destination, and new environment.

Data Signature-based Time Series Traffic Analysis on Coarse-grained NLEX Density Data Sets

Reynaldo G. Maravilla, Jr,Elise Raina A. Tabanda,Jasmine A. Malinao,Henry N. Adorna 보안공학연구지원센터 2012 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.5 No.1

DOES ENTREPRENEURIAL MARKETING MATTER? A STUDY ON EXPORT PERFORMANCE

Reynaldo Dannecker Cunha,Sergio Garrido Moraes 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.7

Although many studies were conducted to understand the relationship between Export Marketing Strategies (EMS) and Export Marketing Performance (EMP) (Cavusgil & Zou 1994; Zou & Stan 1998) the majority involved medium-large size companies and took place on developed countries (Cunha, Rocha & Moraes, 2012). The role of managers on influencing marketing strategies (considering marketing mix decision about adaption or standardization) was not comprehensively analyzed. In order to fulfill some gaps Cunha (2012) developed a research to understand the empirical link on Micro and Small Enterprises (MSE) from emerging countries, but the role of entrepreneurs was not completely understood. In order to clarify this link, the reference model used was redesigned to explore Entrepreneurial Marketing (EM) and its influence on EMS and EMP. The relevance of MSE on emerging markets, especially in Brazil, is frequently explored considering number of existing companies and job generation in local market (according to SEBRAE & DIEESE (2013) MSE represent 99% of all Brazilian companies – 6.3 million firms, 52% of formal jobs and 40% of total wage paid in previous year). Together they represented 25% of GDP. Concerning internationalization and export activities, nineteen thousand companies generated US255 billion at foreign markets. More than 61% of them were MSE, but its sales participated with only 1% of this total (SEBRAE 2012). The EM construct has its foundations on studies developed by Hills and Hultman (2011) who tried to bring a consensus to definition, based on the mainstream concerns regarding this subject. They highlighted two complementary competences: planning (Filion 2000; Dornelas 2008; Nassif, Andreassi & Sim?es 2011); and intuition (Mitchell, Friga & Mitchell 2005; La Pira 2011; Nassif, Andreassi & Sim?es 2011). Both affect EMS and EMP differently. Our research was conduct with 173 MSE in order to examine the influence of entrepreneurial marketing on export marketing strategies and also the influence of EM and EMS on export performance. The results indicate that both entrepreneurs’ competences have a significant impact (Hair et al. 2009) on export marketing performance as anticipated in our hypothesis. Firstly, planning competence has a direct and positive effect on EMP because of a strategic variable related to perceived success of its international venture, and also because of an economic indicator related to exportation growing rate; it can be explained by the fact that a well and careful planning, allied to an high entrepreneurs’ commitment level may result on more success. The evidences are explained by strong training and support to intermediaries (distribution channel), that will help them better understanding and commercializing products - and through product strategy and packaging adaptation to the new market. Secondly, we also identified an unexpected effect caused by intuition – despite significance the influence was negative. Considering that we measured variables and perception in a three-year period, decisions based on intuition tend to be less result-oriented and carefully taken and results evaluation doesn’t have strong comparison bases. We observed an important effect of EM on export marketing strategy. (1) Product adaptation is strong and positively influenced by manager’s international competence (Douglas & Craig 1989; Cavusgil, Zou & Naidu1993). The entrepreneurs understand market rules, try to enhance competitiveness, respect local barriers and adapt offers diminishing risks. Investments reflect need or concern of matching market needs - i.e. label translation to local language. (2) Communication adaptation is positively influenced by entrepreneurs’ competence (high on planning and low on intuition), despite limited budget. (3) Price competitiveness is strong and positively influenced by entrepreneur planner. This expected effect corroborated the study of Cunha (2012), which identified the importance of adaptation of this marketing mix element to MSE, and also the relationship with pricing strategy as followers internationally (Solberg, St?ttinger & Yaprak 2006; Cunha & Moraes, 2011). (4) Considering distribution there is no influence of planner on support to intermediary. On the other hand, it is strong and negatively affected by intuitive entrepreneurs (our findings lead us to a conclusion that a lack of planning might jeopardize process of distribution adaptation). Our literature review showed that relationship and support to intermediaries is a key-success factor (Rosson & Ford 1982; Christensen, Rocha & Gertner 1987; Solberg, St?ttinger & Yaprak 2006). The negative result drove us to the importance of a well established relationship among exporters and intermediaries, as identified on the impact of export marketing performance by support to intermediaries –we expected to identify it on our research, but it seems that, if a company wants to succeed abroad it is mandatory to carefully manage this marketing element - one reason for our conclusions is supported by the Theory of Networks (Johanson & Vahlne 1990; Andersson, Forsgren & Holm 2002). All in all, our assumptions about the existent influence of entrepreneurial marketing on export marketing strategy and export marketing performance was supported in our study developed with MSE from emerging markets. We also observed the positive effect of EMS on EMP that fulfills our research objectives.

DOES ENTREPRENEURIAL MARKETING MATTER? : A STUDY ON EXPORT PERFORMANCE

Reynaldo Dannecker Cunha,Sergio Garrido Moraes 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.10

Although many studies were conducted to understand the relationship between Export Marketing Strategies (EMS) and Export Marketing Performance (EMP) (Cavusgil & Zou 1994; Zou & Stan 1998) the majority involved medium-large size companies and took place on developed countries (Cunha, Rocha & Moraes, 2012). The role of managers on influencing marketing strategies (considering marketing mix decision about adaption or standardization) was not comprehensively analyzed. In order to fulfill some gaps Cunha (2012) developed a research to understand the empirical link on Micro and Small Enterprises (MSE) from emerging countries, but the role of entrepreneurs was not completely understood. In order to clarify this link, the reference model used was redesigned to explore Entrepreneurial Marketing (EM) and its influence on EMS and EMP. The relevance of MSE on emerging markets, especially in Brazil, is frequently explored considering number of existing companies and job generation in local market (according to SEBRAE & DIEESE (2013) MSE represent 99% of all Brazilian companies - 6.3 million firms, 52% of formal jobs and 40% of total wage paid in previous year). Together they represented 25% of GDP. Concerning internationalization and export activities, nineteen thousand companies generated US255 billion at foreign markets. More than 61% of them were MSE, but its sales participated with only 1% of this total (SEBRAE 2012). The EM construct has its foundations on studies developed by Hills and Hultman (2011) who tried to bring a consensus to definition, based on the mainstream concerns regarding this subject. They highlighted two complementary competences: planning (Filion 2000; Dornelas 2008; Nassif, Andreassi & Simões 2011); and intuition (Mitchell, Friga & Mitchell 2005; La Pira 2011; Nassif, Andreassi & Simões 2011). Both affect EMS and EMP differently. Our research was conduct with 173 MSE in order to examine the influence of entrepreneurial marketing on export marketing strategies and also the influence of EM and EMS on export performance. The results indicate that both entrepreneurs’ competences have a significant impact (Hair et al. 2009) on export marketing performance as anticipated in our hypothesis. Firstly, planning competence has a direct and positive effect on EMP because of a strategic variable related to perceived success of its international venture, and also because of an economic indicator related to exportation growing rate; it can be explained by the fact that a well and careful planning, allied to an high entrepreneurs’ commitment level may result on more success. The evidences are explained by strong training and support to intermediaries (distribution channel), that will help them better understanding and commercializing products - and through product strategy and packaging adaptation to the new market. Secondly, we also identified an unexpected effect caused by intuition - despite significance the influence was negative. Considering that we measured variables and perception in a three-year period, decisions based on intuition tend to be less result-oriented and carefully taken and results evaluation doesn’t have strong comparison bases. We observed an important effect of EM on export marketing strategy. (1) Product adaptation is strong and positively influenced by manager’s international competence (Douglas & Craig 1989; Cavusgil, Zou & Naidu1993). The entrepreneurs understand market rules, try to enhance competitiveness, respect local barriers and adapt offers diminishing risks. Investments reflect need or concern of matching market needs - i.e. label translation to local language. (2) Communication adaptation is positively influenced by entrepreneurs’ competence (high on planning and low on intuition), despite limited budget. (3) Price competitiveness is strong and positively influenced by entrepreneur planner. This expected effect corroborated the study of Cunha (2012), which identified the importance of adaptation of this marketing mix element to MSE, and also the relationship with pricing strategy as followers internationally (Solberg, Stöttinger & Yaprak 2006; Cunha & Moraes, 2011). (4) Considering distribution there is no influence of planner on support to intermediary. On the other hand, it is strong and negatively affected by intuitive entrepreneurs (our findings lead us to a conclusion that a lack of planning might jeopardize process of distribution adaptation). Our literature review showed that relationship and support to intermediaries is a key-success factor (Rosson & Ford 1982; Christensen, Rocha & Gertner 1987; Solberg, Stöttinger & Yaprak 2006). The negative result drove us to the importance of a well established relationship among exporters and intermediaries, as identified on the impact of export marketing performance by support to intermediaries -we expected to identify it on our research, but it seems that, if a company wants to succeed abroad it is mandatory to carefully manage this marketing element - one reason for our conclusions is supported by the Theory of Networks (Johanson & Vahlne 1990; Andersson, Forsgren & Holm 2002). All in all, our assumptions about the existent influence of entrepreneurial marketing on export marketing strategy and export marketing performance was supported in our study developed with MSE from emerging markets. We also observed the positive effect of EMS on EMP that fulfills our research objectives.

Technical Efficiency and Profitability Analyses of Tea Production in Phú Tho Province, Vietnam

Hoang Van Hung,Reynaldo L. Tan,Dinah Pura T. Depositario,Jimmy B. Williams 한국무역연구원 2012 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.8 No.2

In an economy where resources are scarce, raising productivity by improving an economic activity’s efficiency becomes the more feasible option. This study analyzed the technical efficiency of tea production in Phú Tho province, Vietnam in order to identify the factors which could contribute to greater productivity and profitability. Using a stochastic frontier approach to determine the sources of productive efficiency/inefficiency, data for the year 2010 from 182 tea farmers from six communes in Phú Tho province in Vietnam was analyzed to examine technical efficiency in tea production. Results show that education, experience, and organization membership have significant negative relationships with technical inefficiency. Further, the results reveal that the technical efficiency of tea farms ranged from 43.50% to 99.99% with a mean of 80.09%, which suggests that the tea output of the “average farmer” could still be increased by 19.91% if the technology followed by the “best performers” is adopted. It was found that improved yield can be achieved by increasing labor presently applied and by planting a higher-yielding variety. A cost and return analysis showed that the farmers who planted new varieties (LDP) posted higher income compared to those who planted the old variety (PH).

간접인장시험을 이용한 아스팔트 혼합물의 손상회복특성 평가

김부일(Kim Booil),Reynaldo Roque 대한토목학회 2004 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2004 No.10

Cologne Brand Preferences of Teenagers In the Philippines: Managerial Implications

Roderick V. Ramireza,Jeanette Angeline B. Madambab,Reynaldo L. Tanc 강원대학교 경영경제연구소 2015 Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Vol.6 No.2

Studies focusing on the constantly changing buying behavior and product preferences of a booming teen market are rare and this is particularly true in the Philippines. To address this gap in the literature, this study focused on the supermarket brands of cologne preferred by teens in the Philippines such as Lewis & Pearl (L&P), Johnson’s Baby Cologne, Juicy, Bench, Ellips, Fiona, Bambini and Baby Flo which are manufactured by various competing companies. Essentially, this study presented and described the profile and buying behavior of cologne users and non-cologne users and determined whether preferential differences existed between these brands. The respondents consisted of 473 teens all over the Philippines stratified in terms of general location via the three major groups of islands in the Philippines: Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. Respondents came from selected schools in Quezon City in Metro Manila, Sariaya in Quezon Province, Cebu City, and Digos City to represent the Greater Metro Manila Area, Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao, respectively. Findings showed that almost all of the respondents used cologne at varying degrees. In general, teens use several scents and brands of cologne and continually shift from one scent/brand to another scent/brand. This made it difficult for any company to capture loyal consumers. The most popular brands used by teenagers were Bench (61.7%), Lewis and Pearl (59%), Juicy (42%), Afficionado (32%), Fiona (19.3%), Penshoppe (18%), Bambini (12.6%), Ellips (11.3%) and Zen Zest (7.5%). Fragrance or scent is the top priority of teenagers in choosing a cologne brand, followed by brand name, affordability, bottle design and endorser. The spray bottle type of colognes is preferred even if cologne spray bottles are priced higher than the splash cologne bottle type. Managerial implications of these findings for market players, marketing scholars and prospective investors are presented.

DOES COUNTRY OF ORIGIN MATTER IN FACE OF STRONG GLOBAL BRANDS?

Sergio Garrido Moraes,Vivian Iara Strehlau,Reynaldo Dannecker Cunha 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.7

This paper aims to compare the impact of country of origin and brand’s aspects on young consumers’ willingness to buy global brands. We chose the United States because this country is the origin of the most valuable global brands, besides arousing contradictory opinions and feelings, as well as reactions of love and hate. The brands Apple, Levi’s and McDonald's, represent products and services, all of them recognized as global and US iconic brands, at the same time: Apple has been admired and followed; McDonald’s has been used as a symbol in political demonstrations against the United States or against globalization, while some protesters wear Levi’s jeans. The tested constructs include aspects related to country of origin (Country Image, Country Affinity, Ethnocentrism) and brand (Brand Personality and Self-Brand Connection). We conducted a survey with 367 students, potential consumers of the brands, and applied Structural Equation Modelling to analyze the impacts of constructs on their willingness to buy. The results indicate that consumer-brand relationship showed greater strength and significance than other constructs, highlighting that during purchasing it is more important how the consumer perceives himself in relation to the brand than the way he perceives or feels about brand’s country of origin. We deliberately chose brands of high brand equity for analysis, but in the future, the model could be applied to low brand equity brands, not-iconic brands, other countries and its brands, and other product categories.

COLOGNE BRAND PREFERENCES OF TEENAGERS IN THE PHILIPPINES: MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS

Roderick V. Ramirez,Jeanette Angeline B. Madamba,Reynaldo L. Tan 강원대학교 경영경제연구소 2015 Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Vol.6 No.2

Studies focusing on the constantly changing buying behavior and product preferences of abooming teen market are rare and this is particularly true in the Philippines. To address thisgap in the literature, this study focused on the supermarket brands of cologne preferred byteens in the Philippines such as Lewis & Pearl (L&P), Johnson’s Baby Cologne, Juicy,Bench, Ellips, Fiona, Bambini and Baby Flo which are manufactured by various competingcompanies. Essentially, this study presented and described the profile and buying behavior ofcologne users and non-cologne users and determined whether preferential differences existedbetween these brands. The respondents consisted of 473 teens all over the Philippinesstratified in terms of general location via the three major groups of islands in the Philippines: Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. Respondents came from selected schools inQuezon City in Metro Manila, Sariaya in Quezon Province, Cebu City, and Digos City torepresent the Greater Metro Manila Area, Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao, respectively. Findings showed that almost all of the respondents used cologne at varying degrees. Ingeneral, teens use several scents and brands of cologne and continually shift from onescent/brand to another scent/brand. This made it difficult for any company to capture loyalconsumers. The most popular brands used by teenagers were Bench (61.7%), Lewis andPearl (59%), Juicy (42%), Afficionado (32%), Fiona (19.3%), Penshoppe (18%), Bambini(12.6%), Ellips (11.3%) and Zen Zest (7.5%). Fragrance or scent is the top priority ofteenagers in choosing a cologne brand, followed by brand name, affordability, bottle designand endorser. The spray bottle type of colognes is preferred even if cologne spray bottlesare priced higher than the splash cologne bottle type. Managerial implications of thesefindings for market players, marketing scholars and prospective investors are presented.