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Optimal Government Finance and Democracy in Developing Countries
Renee D. Nieberding 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2004 Journal of Economic Development Vol.29 No.2
Optimal government finance models illustrating trade-offs between different policy instruments, such as seigniorage and income taxes, have focused on industrialized countries. In this paper, a model that includes the effective reserve ratio and currency growth rate as instruments is derived from a welfare loss function and is estimated using fixed effects for a sample of 29 developing countries. The results indicate that the governments in the sample use the reserve requirement to minimize the welfare losses associated with seigniorage revenue. Mid-level democracies are associated with the highest effective reserve ratios.
( Renee L. Eriksen ),( Anita S. Klein ) 한국수산과학회(구 한국수산학회) 2018 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.21 No.3
Intertidal macroalgae are exposed to many abiotic stress factors, and they must regularly react to changes in their environment. We used RNA-seq to describe how Porphyra umbilicalis (Rhodophyta) changes gene expression patterns to interact with different habitats. Tissue samples were taken from a typical habitat along the open-coast of the Northwest Atlantic, as well as from a rare, atypical habitat in an estuarine tidal rapid environment. Differential gene expression analyses suggest that pathogic bacteria and viruses may be a significant factor influencing the transcriptome in the human-impacted estuarine environment, but the atypical habitat does not necessarily induce more stress in Porphyra umbilicalis growing there. We found genes related to nitrogen transport are over-expressed in tissue from the open-coastal site compared to those from the estuarine site, where environmental N levels approach hypertrophic levels. Low N levels impede growth, but high levels are toxic to cells, and we use qPCR to show this species regulates expression of a putative high-affinity NH<sub>4</sub> <sup>+</sup> transporter under low and high N conditions. Differences in expression of this transporter in these habitats appear to be inherited from parent to offspring and have general implications for adaptation to habitat in other species that are capable of asexual reproduction, as well as more specific implications for this species’ use in aquaculture.
Renee Vina G. Sicam,Kuan-Gen Huang,Yung-Chia Chang,Chyi-Long Lee 대한부인종양학회 2013 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.24 No.2
A 35-year-old woman underwent laparoscopic radical hysterectomy, pelvic lymphadenectomy and ovarian transposition for stage IB2 cervical adenocarcinoma. She received adjuvant concurrent chemoradiation for poor pathologic risk factors but had tumor recurrence 20 months after the surgery. Transposed ovaries were uninvolved in the recurrence and progression. Salvage chemotherapy and radiotherapy were given. Despite systemic chemotherapy and repeat pelvic radiotherapy, the patient was able to maintain ovarian function. Ovarian transposition in cervical cancer is an easily performed procedure that does not alter the prognosis of the disease in some cases. Present recommendations for its use should be reevaluated so that more premenopausal cancer patients may benefit from this underutilized procedure.
Weekend Admission Increases Risk of Readmissions Following Elective Cervical Spinal Fusion
Renee Ren,Calista Dominy,Brian Bueno,Sara Pasik,Jonathan Markowitz,Brandon Yeshoua,Brian Cho,Varun Arvind,Aly A. Valliani,Jun Kim,Samuel Cho 대한척추신경외과학회 2023 Neurospine Vol.20 No.1
Objective: The “weekend effect” occurs when patients cared for during weekends versus weekdays experience worse outcomes. But reasons for this effect are unclear, especially amongst patients undergoing elective cervical spinal fusion (ECSF). Our aim was to analyze whether index weekend admission affects 30- and 90-day readmission rates post-ECSF. Methods: All ECSF patients > 18 years were retrospectively identified from the 2016–2018 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD), using unique patient linkage codes and International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and outcomes were analyzed. Univariate logistic regression analyzed primary outcomes of 30- and 90-day readmission rates in weekday or weekend groups. Multivariate regression determined the impact of complications on readmission rates. Results: Compared to the weekday group (n = 125,590), the weekend group (n = 1,026) held a higher percentage of Medicare/Medicaid insurance, incurred higher costs, had longer length of stay, and fewer routine home discharge (all p < 0.001). There was no difference in comorbidity burden between weekend versus weekday admissions, as measured by the Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (p = 0.527). Weekend admissions had higher 30-day (4.30% vs. 7.60%, p < 0.001) and 90-day (7.80% vs. 16.10%, p < 0.001) readmission rates, even after adjusting for sex, age, insurance status, and comorbidities. All-cause complication rates were higher for weekend admissions (8.62% vs. 12.7%, p < 0.001), specifically deep vein thrombosis, infection, neurological conditions, and pulmonary embolism. Conclusion: Index weekend admission increases 30- and 90-day readmission rates after ECSF. In patients undergoing ECSF on weekends, postoperative care for patients at risk for specific complications will allow for improved outcomes and health care utilization.
Renee Baker,Ui‑Jeen Yu,Hae Jin Gam,Jennifer Banning 한국의류학회 2019 Fashion and Textiles Vol.6 No.1
This study identifies tween fashion consumers’ profiles in relation to fashion change agent (FCA) characteristics, such as fashion innovativeness and opinion leadership, and examines how the tweens’ FCA characteristics influence their Internet innovativeness, interest in online co-design involvement, and brand commitment. A survey was conducted with tween-aged girls in the Midwest region of the U.S., who were recruited through the snow ball sampling method. A total of 53 responses were acceptable for data analysis including cluster analysis, MANOVA, and multiple regression analyses. Results show the tween consumers were divided into two fashion consumer groups— fashion leaders and fashion followers—significantly different in fashion innovativeness and opinion leadership. This study also found positive effects of tweens’ FCA characteristics on Internet innovativeness, interest in online co-design involvement, and brand commitment. As FCAs with higher fashion innovativeness and opinion leadership influence the adoption and purchase behavior of other tween fashion consumers, marketers and retailers need to develop more fashion innovative, Internet-mediated, interactive, and brand-oriented marketing efforts. While the tween consumers in the children’s wear market has been featured, the prevailing literature on tween consumers’ fashion adoption and consumption is limited, particularly with regards to their FCA characteristics. This study highlights the important role of tween fashion consumers’ FCA characteristics in their online shopping orientation and brand commitment.
Traceability System as Perceived-Uncertainty Mitigator:
Renee B. Kim,Dong Hyun Yoon,Yan Chao 글로벌경영학회 2015 글로벌경영학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2015 No.1
Increased agri-food trade and various food scare incidents led to heighted consumers’ concern for food safety, particularly from foreign origins. This leads to perceived uncertainty of consumers which makes them reluctant to purchase import food products and result in inefficiency in food transactions. The paper validate a model which approximates a relationship between perceived uncertainty of consumers and two antecedents & three mitigators which explain the value of Food Traceability System (FTS). The proposed model was drawn from Pavlou et al. (2007) study which applied the principal-agent perspectives, and this study contributes to current literature by improving understanding of structure of perceived uncertainty of a food product with credence good with this model. In addition, the study assesses the value and effects of FTS in reducing perceived uncertainty of beef from various origins and suggests important implications for stakeholders in beef sector regarding feasibility and marketability of FTS.