Swelling/Deswelling Self-Oscillating of Microgels Induced by the BZ Reaction with Fe(phen)3 Catalyst

Jie Ren,Jinfen Gu,Li Tao,Guangcheng Zhang,Wu Yang 한국고분자학회 2016 Macromolecular Research Vol.24 No.6

A novel kind of microgels, poly(NIPAAm-co-Fe(phen)3-co-AAc), were prepared by copolymerization N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), acrylic acid (AAc) and iron(II) 5-acrylamide-1,10-phenanthroline-bi(1,10-phenanthroline) (Fe(phen)3), the catalyst for the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction. The microgels were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, the self-oscillating behaviors of the microgels were investigated in BZ system free of catalyst. Both the redox potential and transmittance self-oscillation were observed. Moreover, the amplitudes of poly(NIPAAm-co-Fe(phen)3-co-AAc) microgels are much larger than those of linear polymer and gel. This advantage originated from the special structure, size and composition of the microgels.

A Study on Analysis of the Status and Status of Sponsors of the Chinese E-SPORTS Events

Jie Ren,Sukkyung Lee J-INSTITUTE 2021 Kinesiology Vol.6 No.3

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to boost e-sports industries by conducting a comparative analysis on the current status of sponsor companies growing together with the Chinese professional e-sports competitions to understand the relationship between Chinese e-sports competitions and sponsor companies. Method: Based on the League of Legends Pro League, China s most influential e-sports competition, we would like to examine the relationship between sponsor companies and e-sports industries through longitudinal and cross-sectional comparisons of sponsor status from 2014 to 2020. Results: This resulted in the following: First, due to the accurate positioning of users, the first party competi-tions showed higher recognition or influence than the third party competitions. Based on the fact that mobile e-sports products can easily attract young users due to their low entry barriers, mobile e-sports products and compe-titions are important growth engines for the development of the e-sports industry. In addition, it has been shown that non-pro leagues support the development of professional leagues and that professional leagues are indis-pensable to interact, complement and promote the development of non-professional leagues. Second, according to an analysis of the sponsorship status of global e-sports events, computer and peripheral companies as com-puter and related fields were most actively sponsoring e-sports competitions, and the support of global compa-nies was steadily increasing. Finally, after looking at the sponsorship status of e-sports competitions in China, it was found that e-sports sponsorship is a major source of income in the e-sports industry and is growing together with the participation of influential sponsor companies. Conclusion: In the League of Legends event, China s most influential e-sports competition, teenagers and 30s were the main sources of income, with mostly male products-oriented sponsor companies. However, if women s participation is steadily increasing and men and women s competitions are held to attract sponsors and marketa-bility, e-sports can grow together with the attraction and participation of global sponsor companies.

Degenerating Thyroid Nodules: Ultrasound Diagnosis, Clinical Significance, and Management

Jie Ren,Jung Hwan Baek,정새롬,Young Jun Choi,Chan Kwon Jung,Jeong Hyun Lee 대한영상의학회 2019 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.20 No.6

Degenerating nodules (DNs), which primarily manifest as benign thyroid nodules, are one of the main causes of discordance in ultrasonography (US) and cytological assessments. Intranodular hemorrhage is one of the mechanisms contributing to discordant nodules, and an impaired blood supply may explain further DN shrinkage and infarction. The surgical specimens can be divided into acute and chronic stages based on the histological changes, which usually mimic the US features of malignant tumors. Serial US follow-up should be recommended instead of other unnecessary procedures. However, repeated fine-needle aspiration, diagnostic surgery, or core-needle biopsy may still be necessary for indeterminable or highly suspicious DNs.

Fabrication Tough and Electrically Conductive Graphene-Based Nanocomposite Gels with Self-Oscillating Performance

Jie Ren,Xuemiao Wang,Aixia Zhang,Lan Zhang,Lingling Zhao,Yan Li,Wu Yang 한국고분자학회 2020 Macromolecular Research Vol.28 No.13

Stimulus-responsive polymer gel materials were studied and applied widely in many fields in recent years. However, the poor electrically conductive property and even with poor toughness largely limit their extensive applications in more expanded fields. Herein, we report a novel kind of self-oscillating gels poly(acrylamide-coacrylic acid-co-Fe(phen)3)/reduced graphene oxide (poly(AM-co-AC-co-Fe(phen)3)/ RGO) with excellent electrical conductivity, and compressive strength via an in-situ polymerization accompanied by an ultrasonic assisted method. The dispersed reduced graphene oxide (RGO) improved the conductive and mechanical properties of the prepared materials remarkably. The conductivity of gel reached to 16.88 S·m-1 with the content of 0.34 wt% RGO and the maximum fracture pressure was 4.1 MPa, which is as high as human cartilage. Besides, the prepared gels exhibited the self-oscillating behavior in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) solution free of catalyst. Therefore, the prepared materials have potential applications as artificial cartilage and soft electron instrument.

In Vivo and In Vitro Anti-inflammatory Activities of ${\alpha)$-linolenic Acid Isolated from Actinidia Polygama Fruits

Ren, Jie,Han, Eun-Jung,Chung, Sung-Hyun 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.6

The fruit of Actinidia Polygama (AP) has long been used as a folk medicine in Korea for the treatment of pain, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammation. In the present study, bioassay-guided fractionation of AP led to the separation and identification of a polyunsaturated fatty acid, ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid (ALA), which was found to show anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-inflammatory effects of ALA, using acetic acid or carrageenan-induced inflammation models, were investigated in mice or rats, respectively. ALA significantly inhibited the acetic acid-induced vascular permeability in a dose dependent manner (34.2 and 37.7% inhibition at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg, respectively). ALA also significantly reduced a rat paw edema induced by a single treatment of carrageenan. To investigate the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory action of ALA, the effects of ALA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced responses In the murine macrophages cell line, RAW 264.7, were examined. Exposure of LPS-stimulated cells to ALA inhibited the accumulation of nitrite and prostaglandin E$_2$ (PGE$_2$) in the culture medium. Consistent with these observations, the protein and mRNA expression levels of iNOS and COX-2enzyme were markedly inhibited by ALA in a dose dependent manner. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity of ALA might be due to the suppression of the expressions of iNOS and COX-2 mRNA.

Five new sesquiterpene lactones from Inula hupehensis

Jie Ren,Jiang Jiang Qin,Xiangrong Cheng,Shi Kai Yan,Hui Zi Jin,Wei Dong Zhang 대한약학회 2013 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.36 No.11

Four new pseudoguaianolides (1–4), one newguaianolide (5), together with ten known compounds(6–15) were isolated from the aerial parts of Inula hupehensis. Their structures were elucidated mainly on the basisof 1D and 2D spectroscopic methods and circular dichroismanalysis. In addition, compounds 1–10 and 13 weretested for their inhibitory effects against LPS-induced NOproduction in RAW264.7 macrophages. Compounds 2, 6, 8and 9 exhibited significant inhibitory activities with IC50values in the range of 0.6–6.6 lM.

A Study on the Brand Equity of Title Sponsorship, Customer’s Attitude, Loyalty, and Intention of Use: With a Focus on the Chinese E-SPORTS Clubs

Jie Ren,Sukkyung Lee J-INSTITUTE 2021 Kinesiology Vol.6 No.4

Purpose: By examining the causal relationship of the e-sports club title sponsorship s brand asset on the cus-tomer’s attitude, loyalty, and intention of use, this study seeks to provide the basic data for the revitalization between corporate sponsors and the e-sports industry and their corporate marketing strategies. Method: In this study, SPSS 26.0, frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correla-tion analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed with a focus on a total of 481 copies of ques-tionnaires. Results: First, it turned out the generations M through Z enjoy e-sports according to demographic character-istics, and as the female population is growing, a strategy to enhance the brand image of the companies tar-geting those in their 20s and 30s is necessary. Second, as a result of examining the effect on brand asset and customer s attitude, it has had a significant effect in the sequence of brand awareness and brand image. Third, as a result of examining the effect on brand assets and customer loyalty, it turned out in the sequence of brand image and brand awareness. Fourth, as a result of examining the effects on brand asset and the consumer’s intention of use, it turned out that brand image and brand awareness have had a significant effect in their se-quence. Fifth, the company s customer s attitude turned out to have a significant effect on customer’s intention of use. Sixth, the company s customer s loyalty turned out to have a significant effect on the customer’s inten-tion of use. Conclusion: Examining such results, the title sponsorship of e-sports club made by a company is a very effec-tive cooperative activity since it can enhance all of the company s brand assets, customer s attitude, customer s loyalty, and consumer’s intention of use. It is hoped that there will be more such cooperative activities in the future to help promote the development of both the companies and e-sports of China.

Structural Characterization and Thermal Behavior of a Novel Energetic Material: 1-Amino-1-(2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazinyl)-2,2-dinitroethylene

Ren, Xiaolei,Zuo, Xiangang,Xu, Kangzhen,Ren, Yinghui,Huang, Jie,Song, Jirong,Wang, Bozhou,Zhao, Fengqi Korean Chemical Society 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.7

A novel energetic material, 1-amino-1-(2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazinyl)-2,2-dinitroethylene (APHDNE), was synthesized by the reaction of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) at 110 $^{\circ}C$. The theoretical investigation on APHDNE was curried out by B3LYP/6-311+$G^*$ method. The IR frequencies analysis and NMR chemical shifts were performed and compared with the experimental results. The thermal behavior of APHDNE was studied by DSC and TG/DTG methods, and can be divided into two crystal phase transition processes and three exothermic decomposition processes. The enthalpy, apparent activation energy and pre-exponential factor of the first exothermic decomposition reaction were obtained as -525.3 kJ $mol^{-1}$, 276.85 kJ $mol^{-1}$ and $10^{26.22}s^{-1}$, respectively. The critical temperature of thermal explosion of APHDNE is 237.7 $^{\circ}C$. The specific heat capacity of APHDNE was determined with micro-DSC method and theoretical calculation method, and the molar heat capacity is 363.67 J $mol^{-1}K^{-1}$ at 298.15 K. The adiabatic time-to-explosion of APHDNE was also calculated to be a certain value between 253.2-309.4 s. APHDNE has higher thermal stability than FOX-7.

Interplay between the Gut Microbiome and Metabolism in Ulcerative Colitis Mice Treated with the Dietary Ingredient Phloretin

( Jie Ren ),( Puze Li ),( Dong Yan ),( Min Li ),( Jinsong Qi ),( Mingyong Wang ),( Genshen Zhong ),( Minna Wu ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2021 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.31 No.10

A growing number of healthy dietary ingredients in fruits and vegetables have been shown to exhibit diverse biological activities. Phloretin, a dihydrochalcone flavonoid that is abundant in apples and pears, has anti-inflammatory effects on ulcerative colitis (UC) mice. The gut microbiota and metabolism are closely related to each other due to the existence of the food-gut axis in the human colon. To investigate the interplay of faecal metabolites and the microbiota in UC mice after phloretin treatment, phloretin (60 mg/kg) was administered by gavage to ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC in mice. Gut microbes and faecal metabolite profiles were detected by high-throughput sequencing and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, respectively. The correlations between gut microbes and their metabolites were evaluated by Spearman correlation coefficients. The results indicated that phloretin reshaped the disturbed faecal metabolite profile in UC mice and improved the metabolic pathways by balancing the composition of faecal metabolites such as norepinephrine, mesalazine, tyrosine, 5-acetyl-2,4- dimethyloxazole, and 6-acetyl-2,3-dihydro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4(1H)-pyridinone. Correlation analysis identified the relations between the gut microbes and their metabolites. Proteus was negatively related to many faecal metabolites, such as norepinephrine, L-tyrosine, laccarin, dopamine glucuronide, and 5-acetyl-2,4-dimethyloxazole. The abundance of unidentified Bacteriodales_S24-7_group was positively related to ecgonine, 15-KETE and 6-acetyl-2,3-dihydro-2- (hydroxymethyl)-4(1H)-pyridinone. The abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group was negatively related to the levels of 15-KETE and netilmicin. Stenotrophomonas and 15-KETE were negatively related, while Intestinimonas and alanyl-serine were positively related. In conclusion, phloretin treatment had positive impacts on faecal metabolites in UC mice, and the changes in faecal metabolites were closely related to the gut microbiota.

Rodent peri-implantitis models: a systematic review and meta-analysis of morphological changes

Ren Jie Jacob Chew,Jacinta Xiaotong Lu,Yu Fan Sim,Alvin Boon Keng Yeo 대한치주과학회 2022 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.52 No.6

Purpose: Rodent models have emerged as an alternative to established larger animal models for peri-implantitis research. However, the construct validity of rodent models is controversial due to a lack of consensus regarding their histological, morphological, and biochemical characteristics. This systematic review sought to validate rodent models by characterizing their morphological changes, particularly marginal bone loss (MBL), a hallmark of peri-implantitis. Methods: This review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search was performed electronically using MEDLINE (PubMed), and Embase, identifying pre-clinical studies reporting MBL after experimental peri-implantitis induction in rodents. Each study’s risk of bias was assessed using the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk of bias tool. A meta-analysis was performed for the difference in MBL, comparing healthy implants to those with experimental peri-implantitis. Results: Of the 1,014 unique records retrieved, 23 studies that met the eligibility criteria were included. Peri-implantitis was induced using 4 methods: ligatures, lipopolysaccharide, microbial infection, and titanium particles. Studies presented high to unclear risks of bias. During the osseointegration phase, 11.6% and 6.4%-11.3% of implants inserted in mice and rats, respectively, had failed to osseointegrate. Twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis of the linear MBL measured using micro-computed tomography. Following experimental peri-implantitis, the MBL was estimated to be 0.25 mm (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14–0.36 mm) in mice and 0.26 mm (95% CI, 0.19–0.34 mm) in rats. The resulting peri-implant MBL was circumferential, consisting of supra- and infrabony components. Conclusions: Experimental peri-implantitis in rodent models results in circumferential MBL, with morphology consistent with the clinical presentation of peri-implantitis. While rodent models are promising, there is still a need to further characterize their healing potentials, standardize experiment protocols, and improve the reporting of results and methodology.