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NAFTA and Industrial Pollution : Some General Equilibrium Results
Reinert, Kenneth A.,Roland-Holst, David W. 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 2001 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.16 No.2
In recent years, a surge of interest in the linkages between trade and the environment has occurred in the contexts of both regional and multilateral trade agreements. In this paper, we utilize a three-country, applied equilibrium(AGE) model of the North American economy and data from the World Banks Industrial Pollution Projection System(IPPS) to simulate the industrial pollution impacts of trade liberalization under NAFTA. We find that the most serious environmental consequences of NAFTA occur in the base metals sector. In terms of magnitude, the greatest impacts are in the United States and Canada. The Mexican petroleum sector is also a significant source of industrial pollution, particularly in the case of air pollution. For specific pollutants in specific countries, the transportation equipment sector is also an important source of industrial pollution. This is the case for both volatile organic compounds and toxins released into the air in Canada and the United States. Finally, the chemical sector is a significant source of industrial toxin pollution in the United States and Mexico, but not in Canada.
NAFTA and Industrial Pollution: Some General Equilibrium Results
( Kenneth A. Reinert ),( David W. Roland Holst ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2001 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.16 No.2
In recent years, a surge of interest in the linkages between trade and the environment has occurred in the contexts of both regional and multilateral trade agreements. In this paper, we utilize a three-country, applied equilibrium (AGE) model of the North American economy and data from the World Banks Industrial Pollution Projection System (IPPS) to simulate the industrial pollution impacts of trade liberalization under NAFTA. We find that the most serious environmental consequences of NAFTA occur in the base metals sector. In terms of magnitude, the greatest impacts are in the United States and Canada. The Mexican petroleum sector is also a significant source of industrial pollution, particularly in the case of air pollution. For specific pollutants in specific countries, the transportation equipment sector is also an important source of industrial pollution. This is the case for both volatile organic compounds and toxins released into the air in Canada and the United States. Finally, the chemical sector is a significant source of industrial toxin pollution in the United States and Mexico, but not in Canada.
Danilo Pelletiere,Kenneth A. Reinert 한국국제경제학회 2010 International Economic Journal Vol.24 No.1
This paper considers new and used automobile exports of the European Union, Japan and the United States within a gravity model framework. This standard framework has similar explanatory power for the new and used automobile exports of the European Union and the United States, as well as for the new automobile exports of Japan, but not for Japan's used automobile exports, a finding the paper associates with the importance of left-hand driving in determining the markets for Japan's used (but not 'made to order' new) automobile exports. The paper concludes that, while used automobiles are somewhat more important to lower income markets, controlling for discrimination and other factors, used automobile trade clearly supplements new automobile trade from the prospective of the importing country.
THE WELFARE AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION IMPLICATIONS OF THE U . S . DAIRY QUOTAS
FLYNN, JOSEPH E.,REINERT, KENNETH A. 한국국제경제학회 1993 International Economic Journal Vol.7 No.2
This paper examines the welfare and resource allocation implications of the U.S. dairy quotas. A computable general equilibrium model detailing five dairy sectors and nine aggregate sectors is calibrated to a 1989 benchmark of the U.S. economy. The model is used to simulate the removal of the U.S. dairy quotas both with and without a first-best subsidy to maintain a dairy farm output objective. Welfare, production, trade, and employment results are provided. The first-best subsidy ranges from $0.7 to $1.0 billion. The first-best subsidy ranges from $2.0 to $2.3 billion or approximately $1.4 million per full-time equivalent job maintained in the dairy farm sector. [F13, Q17]