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Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Certain Novel Quinoxalines
Refaat, Hanan-M.,Moneer, Ashraf-A.,Khalil, Omneya-M. The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2004 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.27 No.11
In this study, certain 3-methyl-2-[4-(substituted amino carbonyl)anilino] quinoxalines, (2a-d) and (3a-d), were synthesized from the new key compound 2-[4-(ethoxycarbonyl)anilino]-3-methyl quinoxaline (1). In addition, a series of 2-[4-(arylidene hydrazinocarbonyl)anilino]-3-methyl quinoxalines (5a-e), as well as their cyclized oxadiazolinyl derivatives (6a-e), and a series of 2-[4-$N^2$-acylhydrazinocarbonyl)anilino]-3-methyl quinoxalines (7a-d), as well as their cyclized oxadiazolyl derivatives (8a-d) were also prepared. Some of these derivatives were evaluated for antimicrobial activity in vitro. It was found that all the selected compounds exhibit antimicrobial activity and that compound 5b had a broad spectrum of activity.
Tadalafil oral disintegrating tablets: an approach to enhance tadalafil dissolution
Ahmed Refaat,Magda Sokar,Fatma Ismail,Nabila Boraei 한국약제학회 2015 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.45 No.5
Improvement of the dissolution behavior of poorly water soluble tadalafil using solid dispersion technique was investigated. Polyvinylpyrollidone (PVP) was used to prepare solid dispersions (SDs) based on different ratios; 1:1 (SD1,), 1:2 (SD2,), 1:3 (SD3), 1:4 (SD4,) respectively. Tadalafil/PVP/AvicelⓇ in a ratio of 1:2:2 respectively (SD5) was also prepared. SD5 was selected to formulate orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs). Five formulae were prepared (F1–F5) and characterized with respect to drug content uniformity, breaking strength, % friability, wetting behavior, oral disintegration time. Results revealed that SD2 exhibited the highest dissolution rate improvement, where mean dissolution time was 8.22 min compared to 60.12 min for free tadalafil. X-ray powder diffraction spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry showed partial drug amorphization in the tested SDs sample which was further confirmed by scanning electron microscope. Moreover, particle size analysis showed the presence of nanocrystals combined with microcrystals dispersed in the prepared SDs. Among the studied solid SDs, SD2 showed the most satisfactory results. In order to improve % yield of SD2 (70.14 %), avicel Ⓡ was added and the resulting tertiary combination (SD5) showed better flow and higher % yield value (94.22 %). % tadalfil released from SD2 & SD5 differ insignificantly (p ≥ 0.05). F3 (48 % mannitol, 16 % avicelⓇ, 16 % croscarmellose) showed superior wetting time (30.1 s), excellent oral disintegration time (20 s) with an accepted hardness (3.6 kg) & % friability (0.7). Additionally, F3 exhibited a significant improvement of tadalafil dissolution compared to that of pure drug and test commercial tablet brand (p B 0.05).
Dalia Refaat El-Bassouny,Nesreen Mostafa Omar,Hanaa Attia Khalaf,Reem Ahmad Abd Al-Salam 대한해부학회 2021 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.54 No.4
Bleomycin (BLM) is one of anti-cancerous drugs. One of its limitation is the development of pulmonary fibrosis during therapy So, we proposed to examine the outcome of BLM take on the light and electron microscopic design of rat lung. Along with, assessment the probable protecting role of ginsenoside on BLM induced pulmonary changes. In this study, thirty adult male albino rats were comprised and were classified to four clusters; Negative & positive control group, BLM treated group and BLM& ginsenoside treated group. The lung was treated for histological and immunohistochemical (anti-p65) studies. Light microscopic examination of H&E stained sections of BLM treated group showed huge distortion of the lung building. Mallory trichrome stain of this group showed evident deposition of collagen fibers in the markedly thickened interalveolar septa and around intrapulmonary bronchi, bronchioles and blood vessels. Moreover, strong positive staining for nuclear factor (NF)-κB in the wall of bronchiole as well as the thickened interalveolar septa were observed. Ultrastructural inspection of lung of this group revealed muddled lung planning. Marked improvement of the lung structure and marked reduction in NF-κB immunoexpression was appeared in BLM and ginsenoside treated group. So, we concluded that coadministration of ginsenoside with BLM significantly enhanced the histological and morphometric image of the lung.
Shehata, Mahmoud Refaat,Kim, Dong-Sik,Jung, Sung-Won,Yu, Young-Dong,Suh, Sung-Ock The Korean Surgical Society 2014 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.86 No.6
<P>Anatomic variations of the portal vein (PV) and bile duct (BD) are more common on the right lobe as compared with left lobe grafts in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). We recently experienced a case of LDLT for hepatocellular carcinoma combined with liver cirrhosis secondary to hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection. The only available donor had right lobe graft with type IV PV associated with type IV BD. The patient underwent relaparotomy for PV stenting due to PV stenosis. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage was done for a stricture at the site of biliary reconstruction. Thereafter, the patient was discharged in good health. Our experience suggests that, the use of right lobe graft with type IV PV accompanied by type IV BD should be the last choice for LDLT, because of its technical difficulty and risks of associated complications.</P>
Synthesis and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Certain Piperazinylthienylpyridazine Derivatives
Hanan M. Refaat,Omneya M. Khalil,Hanan H. Kadry 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.7
In this study, a novel series of 2-(4-substituted piperazin-l-ylmethyl)-6-(thien-2-yl)-2H-pyridazin- 3-ones (3a-f), 2-(4-substituted piperazin-l-yl carbonylmethyl)-6-(thien-2-yl)-2H-pyridazin-3-ones (4a-c) and 2-[2-(4-substituted piperazin-l-ylcarbonylethyl)]-6-(thien-2-yl)-2H-pyridazin-3-ones (5a,b) were prepared from 6-(thien-2-yl)-2H- pyridazin-3-one (1). In addition, 3-(4-substituted piperazin-l-ylcarbonyl methyl thio)-6-(thien-2-yl) pyridazines (6a-c) and 3-[2-(4-substitutedpiperazin- l-ylcarbonyl ethylthio]-6-(thien-2-yl) pyridazines (7a,b) were synthesized. Furthermore, 5-(4-substituted piperazin-l-ylmethyl)-6-(thien-2-yl)-2H-pyridazin-3-ones (12a,b) were prepared. The structures of the new compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis as well as by 1H-NMR, IR and MS data. Some of the newly prepared compounds were subjected to evaluation for their anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced paw edema at a dose of 10 mg/kg using indomethacin as the reference standard.
Quality of Health Information on the Internet
Lotfia Mahmoud Refaat Shenishen International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2023 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.23 No.2
The article reviews the quality of information on the Internet in general and health information in particular, where the accumulation and steady increase of information available on the Internet, without concern for its quality or importance, and regardless of the target audience, in addition to the lack of evidence of its credibility such as the availability of the name of the editor and references, and the availability of the name of an academic or research body responsible for that information. Add to this the lack of bibliographic data that can help infer the novelty of the information, and verify the element of trust in it . The problem is exacerbated with regard to the health information available on the Internet, due to its danger resulting from the presence of false health information that may cause danger to human health if relied upon. Through this article, the researcher proposes criteria that can help users search for information to measure the degree of quality, trust, and credibility of information in general and health information available on the Internet in particular.
Developing Strategy: A Guide For Nurse Managers to Manage Nursing Staff's Work-related Problems
Gab Allah Amal Refaat,Elshrief Hayam Ahmed,Ageiz Marwa Hassan 한국간호과학회 2020 Asian Nursing Research Vol.14 No.3
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess nursing staff's work-related problems as perceived by their managers and thereafter develop strategies that would serve as a guide for nurse managers to manage these problems. Methods: A descriptive research design was used. The participants included in the study consisted of the following two groups: Group 1da convenience sample of 150 first-line managers working at three different hospitals; and Group 2da panel of experts for the Delphi technique, selected using the Snowball sampling technique. Tools for data collection included the following: Tool 1dquestionnaire about nursing staff's problems; Tool 2dDelphi technique to develop strategies for managing nursing staff's problems; and Tool 3dopinionnaire format. Results: The recruited first nurse managers were of the opinion that job stress, work overload, conflict, workplace violence, poor performance, staff turnover, demotivation, lack of empowerment, and staff absenteeism were among the common problems faced by staff nurses at work. Conclusion: From the expert panelists’ perspectives, the newly developed strategy in this study was considered valid; the researchers recommend the strategy developed in this study to be universalized in different health care settings and used as a guide for nurse managers.