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JIP Analysis on Rice (Oryza sativa cv Nipponbare) Grown under Limited Nitrogen Conditions
Redillas, Mark Christian Felipe Reveche,Jeong, Jin-Seo,Strasser, Reto Jorg,Kim, Youn-Shic,Kim, Ju-Kon The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2011 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.54 No.5
Nitrogen deficiency significantly reduces the $CO_2$ assimilation capacity of plants and the quantum yield of photosynthesis. Here, we employed the JIP test to determine the effects of nitrogen-deficiency on the plant's photosysnthetic ability on the basis of chlorophyll fluorescence. Nitrogen-deficient and nitrogen-replete rice plants were analyzed for the fluorescence transients of the plant leaves in comparison with the nitrogen-sufficient controls. Results showed that 7 day-replete plants behaved normally while 5, 3, and 1 day-replete plants were significantly affected from nitrogen starvation. More specifically, nitrogen starvation of plants resulted in an inactivation of photosystem II (PS II) reaction centers and a decline in electron transport beyond the reduced plastoquinone ($Q_A^-$), and a decrease in both the pool size and the reduction of end electron acceptors at the PS I. The affected plants were fully recovered from the deficiency after 7 days of nitrogen repletion, as evidenced by the similar level of fluorescence transients to the positive controls. Thus, our results demonstrated that the movement of electron carriers leading to the reduction of end electron acceptors was affected by nitrogen limitation leading to a more pronounced decrease in the reduction of end electron acceptors. Together with the fact that nitrogen-deficiency limits the $CO_2$ assimilation of plants, this study indicates that nitrogen metabolism is tightly coupled with photosynthetic ability.
The use of JIP test to evaluate drought-tolerance of transgenic rice overexpressing OsNAC10
Redillas, Mark C.F.R.,Strasser, Reto J.,Jeong, Jin-Seo,Kim, Youn-Shic,Kim, Ju-Kon The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2011 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.5 No.2
In this study, the JIP test was exploited to assess drought-tolerance of transgenic rice overexpressing OsNAC10. Two types of promoters, RCc3 (root-specific) and GOS2 (constitutive), were used to drive the transcription factor OsNAC10, a gene involved in diverse functions including stress responses. Three-month-old plants were exposed to drought for 1 week and their fluorescence kinetics was evaluated. Our results showed that drought-treated non-transgenic plants (NT) have higher fluorescence intensity at the J phase (2 ms) compared to transgenic plants, indicating a decline in electron transport beyond the reduced plastoquinone ($Q_A^-$). As manifested by negative L bands, transgenic plants also showed higher energetic connectivity and stability over NT plants under drought conditions. Also, the pool size of the end electron acceptor at the photosystem I was reduced more in NT than in transgenic plants under drought conditions. Furthermore, the transgenic plants had higher $PI_{total}$, a combined parameter that reflects all the driving forces considered in JIP test, than NT plants under drought conditions. In particular, the $PI_{total}$ of the RCc3:OsNAC10 plants was higher than that of NT plants, which was in good agreement with their differences in grain yield. Thus, the JIP test proved to be practical for evaluating drought-tolerance of transgenic plants.
Redillas, Mark C.F.R.,Jeong, Jin S.,Kim, Youn S.,Jung, Harin,Bang, Seung W.,Choi, Yang D.,Ha, Sun‐,Hwa,Reuzeau, Christophe,Kim, Ju‐,Kon Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2012 Plant biotechnology journal Vol.10 No.7
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Drought conditions limit agricultural production by preventing crops from reaching their genetically predetermined maximum yields. Here, we present the results of field evaluations of rice overexpressing <I>OsNAC9,</I> a member of the rice NAC domain family. Root‐specific (<I>RCc3</I>) and constitutive (<I>GOS2</I>) promoters were used to overexpress <I>OsNAC9</I> and produced the transgenic <I>RCc3:OsNAC9</I> and <I>GOS2:OsNAC9</I> plants. Field evaluations over two cultivating seasons showed that grain yields of the <I>RCc3:OsNAC9</I> and the <I>GOS2:OsNAC9</I> plants were increased by 13%–18% and 13%–32% under normal conditions, respectively. Under drought conditions, <I>RCc3:OsNAC9</I> plants showed an increased grain yield of 28%–72%, whilst the <I>GOS2:OsNAC9</I> plants remained unchanged. Both transgenic lines exhibited altered root architecture involving an enlarged stele and aerenchyma. The aerenchyma of <I>RCc3:OsNAC9</I> roots was enlarged to a greater extent than those of <I>GOS2:OsNAC9</I> and non‐transgenic (NT) roots, suggesting the importance of this phenotype for enhanced drought resistance. Microarray experiments identified 40 up‐regulated genes by more than threefold (<I>P </I><<I> </I>0.01) in the roots of both transgenic lines. These included <I>9‐cis‐epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase</I>, an ABA biosynthesis gene, <I>calcium‐transporting ATPase</I>, a component of the Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> signalling pathway involved in cortical cell death and aerenchyma formation, <I>cinnamoyl CoA reductase 1</I>, a gene involved in lignin biosynthesis, and <I>wall‐associated kinases¸</I> genes involved in cell elongation and morphogenesis. Interestingly, <I>O‐methyltransferase</I>, a gene necessary for barrier formation, was specifically up‐regulated only in the <I>RCc3:OsNAC9</I> roots. Such up‐regulated genes that are commonly and specifically up‐regulated in <I>OsNAC9</I> transgenic roots may account for the altered root architecture conferring increased drought resistance phenotype.</P>
Understanding the factors influencing the removal of heavy metals in urban stormwater runoff
Maniquiz-Redillas, Marla C.,Kim, Lee-Hyung IWA Publishing 2016 Water Science & Technology Vol.73 No.12
<P>In this research, an infiltration trench equipped with an extensive pretreatment and filter bed consisting of woodchip, sand and gravel was utilized as a low impact development technique to manage stormwater runoff from a highly impervious road with particular emphasis on heavy metal removal. Findings revealed that the major factors influencing the removal of heavy metals were the concentration of the particulate matters and heavy metals in runoff, runoff volume and flow rates. The reduction of heavy metals was enhanced by sedimentation of particulates through pretreatment. Fine particles (<2 mm) had the most significant amount of heavy metals, thus, enhanced adsorption and filtration using various filter media were important design considerations. Sediment was most highly attached on the surface area of woodchip than to other filter media like sand, gravel and geotextile. It is suggested that maintenance must be performed after the end of the winter season wherein high sediment rate was observed to maintain the efficiency of the treatment system.</P>
Disasters in The Philippines: Occurrence, Effects, and Risk Reduction and Management Plan
Marla C. Maniquiz-Redillas 한국방재학회 2015 한국방재학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.14 No.-
In this presentation, a review on the major disasters that occurred in the Philippines over the recent years will be concisely presented. This include the overview of the type of disasters that occurred, the frequency of occurrence, as well as the effects of these disasters on communities (e.g., economic costs to agriculture and infrastructure, etc.). Also, the legal basis for policies, plans and programs to deal with the disasters will be presented. It will be covered under the four thematic areas, namely, (1) Disaster Prevention and Mitigation; (2) Disaster Preparedness; (3) Disaster Response; and (4) Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery, which correspond to the structure of the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council(NDRRMC). By law, the Office of Civil Defense formulates and implements the NDRRMP and ensures that the physical framework, social, economic and environmental plans of communities, cities, municipalities and provinces are consistent with such plan. The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP) is consistent with the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework (NDRRMF), which serves as “the principal guide to disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) efforts to the country….” The Framework envisions a country of “safer, adaptive and disaster-resilient Filipino communities toward sustainable development.” It conveys a paradigm shift from reactive to proactive DRRM wherein men and women have increased their awareness and understanding of disaster reduction risk management (DRRM), with the end in view of increasing people’s resilience and decreasing their vulnerabilities. The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP) 2011-2028 will also be discussed. The NDRRMP sets down the expected outcomes, outputs, key activities, indicators, lead agencies, implementing partners and timelines under each of the four distinct yet mutually reinforcing thematic areas. The goals of each thematic area lead to the attainment of the country’s overall DRRM vision, as graphically shown below.
Transcript mining using fuzzy rough set theory in Oryza sativa grown under N-limited condition
David-Torrejos Yokimiko C.,Redillas Mark Christian Felipe R.,Maniquiz-Redillas Marla C.,Ubando Aristotle T.,Africa Aaron Don M.,Culaba Alvin,Kim Ju-Kon 한국식물생명공학회 2023 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.17 No.5
In rice cultivation, crop yield and productivity rely on the efficient supply of nitrogen. Mismanagement of nitrogen, such as insufficient and oversupply, lowers the plant vigor and stability. Using next-generation sequencing, transcriptome mining can discover nitrogen-responsive genes, regulators, and markers that can be used to improve the nitrogen use efficiency in rice plants. Here, we present an extension of the RNA Sequencing pipeline to generate a list of candidate genes that have the potential for molecular-based sensor development in Oryza sativa for nitrogen monitoring. The RNA Sequencing data used in this study represents 4714 genes from O. sativa seedlings that showed a dynamic response toward nitrogen availability. To generate a pool of candidate genes, we designed an algorithm for a two-step screening process that evaluates the expression of each gene across different sampling points using fuzzy logic. On the first screening, the genes were clustered based on their expression pattern, wherein a total of 135 genes from leaf tissues were found to exhibit an antagonistic response to nitrogen starvation and adaptation. These were further evaluated for the second screening where 27 genes showed at least 72% change in expression. Most of the genes were found associated with the plant’s response to stress, biotic and abiotic stimulus, transport, protein modification, and metabolic processes. This set of genes will serve as the target transcripts for nitrogen sensor development.