A tale of two power transitions: Capabilities, satisfaction, and the will to power in the relations between the United Kingdom, the United States, and Imperial Germany

Carsten Rauch 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2017 International Area Studies Review Vol.20 No.3

Given the current redistributions in the global balance of power, power transition theory (PTT) has once again become an important intellectual factor. Many observers employing PTT are anxious about China’s ascendance and expect serious conflicts between Washington and Beijing in the coming years. Such skepticism, however, is problematic for three reasons. First, it is false theoretically; PTT does not claim that all rising powers will resort to war or that all power transitions will result in war. Second, it is false empirically; not all power transitions in history have resulted in Great Power wars. Third, it leads to flawed policy advice; if rising powers are not always dissatisfied and do not always challenge the status quo, then policies meant to oppose them might breed dangerous dissatisfaction in the first place. This article amends PTT by adding a variable, the “will to power” (WTP), that captures the willingness of rising powers to commit themselves to changing the status quo. Furthermore, it scrutinizes two historical power transition constellations (United Kingdom–United States and United Kingdom–Imperial Germany). In both cases the new variable is consistent with the outcome and particularly in the United Kingdom–United States case the WTP variable broadens our understanding by making it possible to see this relationship as “missed” or “eschewed” instead of as a peaceful power transition. Doing so extends the power transition dichotomy to a much more complex and realistic typology of power transition constellations.

Systematic analysis of needs and requirements for the design of smart manufacturing systems in SMEs

Erwin Rauch,Andrew R. Vickery 한국CDE학회 2020 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.7 No.2

With the increasing trend of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, also known as Industry 4.0 or smart manufacturing, many companies are now facing the challenge of implementing Industry 4.0 methods and technologies. This is a challenge especially for small and medium-sized enterprises, as they have neither sufficient human nor financial resources to deal with the topic sufficiently. However, since small and medium-sized enterprises form the backbone of the economy, it is particularly important to support these companies in the introduction of Industry 4.0 and to develop appropriate tools. This work is intended to fill this gap and to enhance research on Industry 4.0 for small and medium-sized enterprises by presenting an exploratory study that has been used to systematically analyze and evaluate the needs and translate them into a final list of (functional) requirements and constraints using axiomatic design as scientific approach.

On uncertainty and local sensitivity analysis for transient conjugate heat transfer problems

Christian Rauch 대한기계학회 2012 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.26 No.5

"The need for simulating real-world behavior of automobiles has led to more and more sophisticated models being added of various physical phenomena for being coupled together. This increases the number of parameters to be set and, consequently, the required knowledge of their relative importance for the solution and the theory behind them. Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis provides the knowledge of parameter importance. In this paper a thermal radiation solver is considered that performs conduction calculations and receives heat transfer coefficient and fluid temperate at a thermal node. The equations of local, discrete, and transient sensitivities for the conjugate heat transfer model solved by the finite difference method are being derived for some parameters. In the past, formulations for the finite element method have been published. This paper builds on the steady-state formulation published previously by the author. A numerical analysis on the stability of the solution matrix is being conducted. From those normalized sensitivity coefficients are calculated dimensionless uncertainty factors. On a simplified example the relative importance of the heat transfer modes at various locations is then investigated by those uncertainty factors and their changes over time."

Attitude and treatment options in implant-supported prosthetics: A survey among a cohort of German dentists

Glucker, Carolin,Rauch, Angelika,Hahnel, Sebastian The Korean Academy of Prosthodonitics 2020 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.12 No.1

PURPOSE. The aim of the current study was to analyze treatment concepts of a cohort of German dentists for planning, fabrication, and maintenance of implant-supported fixed and removable restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A questionnaire including queries about experiences with implant-supported restorations as well as prosthetic and maintenance treatment concepts for supplying patients with fixed and removable implant-supported prosthetic restorations was developed and sent to 350 dental offices registered in the municipal area of Leipzig, Germany. RESULTS. An overall total of 62 returned questionnaires were included in the analyses, which relates to a response rate of 17.7%. Participating dentists were more involved in the prosthetic aspects of implant dentistry rather than surgery, while prosthetic concepts such as backward planning, digital processing, and application of all-ceramic materials were not commonly performed. Simple attachments were preferred over complex retention systems in removable implant-supported restorations. Tooth/implant-supported fixed denture prostheses as well as removable denture prostheses with supporting posterior implants were not regarded as a favorable treatment option. CONCLUSION. Within the limitations of the study, the data indicate that dentists favor simple and conventional treatment approaches in implant prosthetics. Prosthetic aspects in the planning of implant-supported restorations are often neglected. Prosthetic treatment guidelines and aspects should commonly be considered in the planning phase of implant-supported prosthetic restorations, and awareness should be increased in postgraduate education.

New Multi-Function Sizing Centre (MFC)

Rundel Albert,Rauch Peter 한국분말야금학회 2006 한국분말야금학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.1

This lecture introduces new press, adapter and control concepts to size multi-level sintered components. The essential thing here is that the advantages of the multi-plate technology have been applied to the sizing adapter concept. Thus, the new concept meets the demands for a modern P/M manufacture and offers sufficient potential to size any future, complex sintered components such as synchronizer hubs, oil pump wheels and VCT parts with highest precision. Furthermore, it outlines a new flexible concept for the parts transfer, including feeding, orientation and lubrication while responding to the high demands on process stability and short change-over times.

THE LASER-BASED AGGREGATE SCANNING SYSTEM: CURRENT CAPABILITIES AND POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENTS

Kim, Hyeong-Gwan,Rauch, Alanf,Haas, Carl T. Korea Institute of Construction Engineering and Ma 2003 한국건설관리학회 논문집 Vol.4 No.1

An automated system for scanning and characterizing unbound aggregates, called the 'Laser-based Aggregate Scanning System'(LASS), has been developed at the University of Texas at Austin. The system uses a laser profiler to acquire and analyze true three-dimensional data on aggregate particles to measure various morphological properties. Tests have demonstrated that the system can rapidly and accurately measure grain size distribution and dimensional ratios, and can objectively quantify particle shape, angularity, and texture in a size invariant manner. In its present state of development, the LASS machine is a first-generation, laboratory testing device. With additional development, this technology is expected to provide high-quality, detailed information for laboratory and on-line quality control during aggregate production.

Sepiolite Clay Attenuates the Development of Hypercholesterolemia and Obesity in Mice Fed a High-Fat High-Cholesterol Diet

Roee Gutman,Maayan Rauch,Annat Neuman,Hazem Khamaisi,Adi Jonas-Levi,Yelena Konovalova,Giora Rytwo 한국식품영양과학회 2020 Journal of medicinal food Vol.23 No.3

Obesity reduces the quality of life and life expectancy, whereas nonoperative interventions have shown poor results so far. Statins effectively combat hypercholesterolemia but are not well tolerated at high doses, raising the need for coprescription with cholesterol sorbents and/or absorption inhibitors. Montmorillonite (MMT) clay was found to attenuate hypercholesterolemia and obesity by reducing cholesterol and fat absorption. However, acicular clay-like sepiolite may offer better results due to its more substantial adsorption of nonpolar molecules. We herein aimed at (1) assessing in vitro the capacity of sepiolite to adsorb edible oil and cholesterol compared with that of MMT and (2) assessing in vivo the effect of continuous feeding on a high-fat high-cholesterol diet (HFD) (53.6% w/w fat and 0.2% cholesterol) supplemented with 5% (w/w) edible sepiolite, on diet-induced obesity rate, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperlipidemia. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed in vitro that sepiolite adsorption of olive oil and cholesterol was five to eight times greater than that of MMT clay. Sepiolite supplementation to HFD fed to mature mice for 12.5 weeks resulted in lower total blood cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels and attenuated body weight gain, by reducing fat gain. Sepiolite supplementation did not affect energy intake but increased fecal extraction of sterols and lipids, without notable side effects. These results demonstrate that supplementing a HFD with sepiolite attenuates gastrointestinal absorption of dietary lipids and sterols, thus mitigating obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hypercholesterolemia. Further exploration of the efficacy, mechanism of action, and safety of sepiolite as a food supplement for combating the metabolic syndrome is needed.

ICPECVD-Dielectric Thin-Films CMOS-Compatible: Trends in Eco-Friendly Deposition

Etienne Herth,Jean-Yves Rauch 한국정밀공학회 2022 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.9 No.3

Depositions of the dielectric thin-films at low temperatures without greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is one of the most critical challenges in modern technologies for microelectronics, optoelectronics, and nanoelectronics. The present study demonstrates that thin dielectric layers deposit by inductively-coupled plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (ICPECVD) technology at lower temperatures ( < 300 ◦ C) can be successfully optimized and has the potential to reduce the environmental impact signifcantly. A particular focus is made on the improvement of the optical properties that are strongly correlated to the physicochemical bonds fi lm properties. Typical deposition rates range from 10 to 20 nm/min, depending mainly on power, pressure, and gas flows. This study opens up large scale applications that require lower hydrogen content and a stable process. The presented results emphasize green manufacturing technologies and can be valuable for a wide range of applications using a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible technology.

The Blockchain as an eGovernment enabler : A comparative study of Austria and South Korea on opportunities, risks and challenges in the public sector

Thomas Hiebaum,Wolf Rauch,DongBack Seo 한국경영정보학회 2018 한국경영정보학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.5

This paper deals with the usage of blockchain technology in the eGovernment sector. It is analysed to what extent the application of the blockchain-technology in eGovernment brings fundamental changes in the countries Austria and South Korea. Despite this, it is analysed if the implementation of blockchain-technology can be economically viable and attractive for the countries in their efforts to establish eGovernment. In order to check the status quo, various experts from Austria and South Korea are interviewed. A critical assessment with the topic should show which tasks the implementation of the technology entails and in which areas this makes sense. The focus of the work requires knowledge in the technical, as well as in the economic and legal field. After a comprehensive theoretical analysis of blockchain technology and eGovernment the interviews with different experts in the department are evaluated. Finally, the countries of Austria and South Korea are compared in their efforts and use cases.

Hydrogen production from biomass: The behavior of impurities over a CO shift unit and a biodiesel scrubber used as a gas treatment stage

Jürgen Loipersböck,Marco Lenzi,Reinhard Rauch,Hermann Hofbauer 한국화학공학회 2017 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.34 No.8

Most of the hydrogen produced is derived from fossil fuels. Bioenergy2020+ and TU Wien have been working on hydrogen production from biomass since 2009. A pilot plant for hydrogen production from lignocellulosic feedstock was installed onsite using a fluidized bed biomass gasifier in Güssing, Austria. In this work, the behavior of impurities over the gas conditioning stage was investigated. Stable CO conversion and hydration of sulfur components could be observed. Ammonia, benzene, toluene, xylene (BTX) and sulfur reduction could be measured after the biodiesel scrubber. The results show the possibility of using a commercial Fe/Cr-based CO shift catalyst in impurity-rich gas applications. In addition to hydrogen production, the gas treatment setup seems to also be a promising method for adjusting the H2 to CO ratio for synthesis gas applications.