Preventive effect of gymnema sylvestre homeopathic preparation on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic nephropathy in rats

Lalit Kishore,Randhir Singh 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2017 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.17 No.3

Diabetic nephropathy is a long-term complication of diabetes mellitus. Chronic hyperglycemia leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species leading to oxidative stress. Hyperglycemia and oxidative stress are involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of homeopathic preparation of Gymnema sylvestre Mother tincture, 6C and 30 C potencies on diabetic nephropathy in Wistar rats. Diabetic nephropathy was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) 15 min after Nicotinamide (230 mg/kg, i.p.) administration. Rats were divided into six groups (n = 6). Group 1 and 2 was kept normal control and diabetic control respectively whereas Groups 3–5 consist of diabetic nephropathy rats treated with different doses of G. sylvestre Mother tincture, 6C and 30 C potencies for 45 days. Glimepride (10 mg/kg) was used as standard. Diabetic nephropathy was assessed by determining serum glucose, urea, uric acid, creatinine level and tissue histological examination. Tissue antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH, LPO) level was measured to assess the oxidative stress. Also the level of advanced glycation end products in kidney was determined. Mother tincture, 6C and 30 C potencies of G. sylvestre produced significant attenuation in the biochemical parameters used to assess diabetic nephropathy. Moreover, oxidative stress and AGE’s level in kidney was also found to be significantly reduced. So, it can be concluded that Mother tincture, 6C and 30 C potencies of G. sylvestre have protective effect against diabetic nephropathy via inhibition of Oxidative stress and AGE’s.

Partial Purification and Characterization of Superoxide Dismutase from Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Fruit

Sunil Kumar,Santosh Dhillon,Dharam Singh,Randhir Singh 한국식품영양과학회 2004 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.9 No.3

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, Sephadex G-100 and DEAE-cellulose column chromatographies. A 22 fold purification and an overall yield of 44% were achieved. The purified enzyme was a homodimer with Mr 37.1 kDa and subunit Mr 18.2 kDa as judged by SDS-PAGE. SOD showed K_m values of 25×10^(-6) M and 1.7×10^(-6) M for nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and riboflavin as substrates, respectively. The enzyme was thermostable upto 50℃ and exhibited pH optima of 7.8. The effect of metal ions and some other compounds on enzyme activity was studied. Co^(2+) and Mg^(2+) were found to enhance relative enzyme activities by 27% and 73%, respectively, while Mn^(2+) inhibited the SOD activity by 64%. However, Ca^(2+) and Cu^(2+) had no effect on enzyme activity. Other compounds like H₂O₂ and NaN₃ inhibited enzymatic activities by 60% and 32%, respectively, while sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), chloroform plus ethanol and β-mercaptoethanol had no effect on the activity of SOD.

Partial Purification and Characterization of Superoxide Dismutase from Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Fruit

Kumar, Sunil,Dhillon, Santosh,Singh, Dharam,Singh, Randhir The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2004 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.9 No.3

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, Sephadex G-100 and DEAE-cellulose column chromatographies. A 22 fold purification and an overall yield of 44% were achieved. The purified enzyme was a homodimer with Mr 37.1 kDa and subunit Mr 18.2 kDa as judged by SDS-PAGE. SOD showed $K_{m}$ values of 25 ${\times}$ 10$^{-6}$ M and 1.7 ${\times}$ 10$^{-6}$ M for nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and riboflavin as substrates, respectively. The enzyme was thermostable upto 5$0^{\circ}C$ and exhibited pH optima of 7.8. The effect of metal ions and some other compounds on enzyme activity was studied. $Co^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ were found to enhance relative enzyme activities by 27 % and 73 %, respectively, while M $n^{2+}$ inhibited the SOD activity by 64%. However, $Ca^{2+}$ and C $u^{2+}$ had no effect on enzyme activity. Other compounds like $H_2O$$_2$ and Na $N_3$ inhibited enzymatic activities by 60% and 32%, respectively, while sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), chloroform plus ethanol and $\beta$-mercaptoethanol had no effect on the activity of SOD. of SOD.

The Majority of Corona Mortis Are Small Calibre Venous Blood Vessels: A Cadaveric Study of North Indians

Sandeep Kashyap,Yogesh Diwan,Shweta Mahajan,Deepa Diwan,Mukand Lal,Randhir Chauhan 대한고관절학회 2019 Hip and Pelvis Vol.31 No.1

Purpose: Corona mortis is an abnormal arterial or venous anastomosis between the external iliac and the obturator system of vessels and may cause significant hemorrhage during pelvi-acetabular fracture surgeries, hernia repair and laparoscopic gynecological procedures. Previous studies have estimated a prevalence of corona mortis between 34% and 70%. This cadaveric study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of corona mortis in the North Indian population. Materials and Methods: Twelve cadavers (24 hemipelvises; 11 males and 1 female) with a mean age of 68 (range, 54-82) years were included in this study. Results: Corona mortis was observed in 14 hemipelvises (58.3%). A total of 19 (79.2%) vascular anastomoses of diameter greater than 1 mm were observed; 5 hemipelvises (20.8%) had corona mortis on the right side, 9 hemipelvises (37.5%) on the left side and bilateral in 5 (41.7%) cases. Two hemipelvises (8.3%) had an arterial connection. An aberrant obturator artery was observed in 1 (4.2%) hemipelvis. A venous connection was found in 14 specimens (58.3% of hemipelvises). The average distance of the connecting vein from the symphysis pubis was 41 (35-70) mm. A vessel diameter of greater than 4 mm was observed in 4/24 (16.7%) of hemipelvises. Conclusion: The frequency of venous corona mortis was higher than arterial corona mortis and the majority (83.3%) were small calibre (<4 mm). The presentation pattern and the number of arterial or venous anastomoses were different in the majority of hemipelvises and dissimilar in both hemipelvises of the same cadaver in the majority of cases.

Modified Endoscopic Ultrasound Needle to Obtain Histological Core Tissue Samples: A Retrospective Analysis

Munish Ashat,Kaartik Soota,Jagpal S. Klair,Sarika Gupta,Chris Jensen,Arvind R. Murali,Randhir Jesudoss,Rami El Abiad,Henning Gerke 대한소화기내시경학회 2020 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.53 No.4

Background/Aims: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration is very effective for providing specimens forcytological evaluation. However, the ability to provide sufficient tissue for histological evaluation has been challenging due to thetechnical limitations of dedicated core biopsy needles. Recently, a modified EUS needle has been introduced to obtain tissue coresamples for histological analysis. We aimed to determine (1) its ability to obtain specimens for histological assessment and (2) thediagnostic accuracy of EUS-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) using this needle. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed consecutive cases of FNB using modified EUS needles for 342 lesions in 303 patients. Thecytology and histological specimens were analyzed. Diagnostic accuracy was calculated. Results: Adequate cytological and histological assessment was possible in 293/342 (86%) and 264/342 (77%) lesions, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy of the cytological specimen was 294/342 (86%) versus 254/342 (74%) for the histological specimen (p<0.01). Diagnostic accuracy of the combined cytological and histological assessment was 323/342 (94.4%), which was significantly higher thanthat of both histology alone (p<0.001) and cytology alone (p=0.001). Conclusions: EUS-FNB with the modified EUS needle provided histologic tissue cores in the majority of cases and achieved excellentdiagnostic accuracy with few needle passes.

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration of the Adrenal Glands: Analysis of 21 Patients

Rajesh Puri,Ragesh Babu Thandassery,Narendra S. Choudhary,Hardik Kotecha,Smruti Ranjan Misra,Suraj Bhagat,Manish Paliwal,Kaushal Madan,Neeraj Saraf,Haimanti Sarin,Mridula Guleria,Randhir Sud 대한소화기내시경학회 2015 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.48 No.2

Background/Aims: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) cytology of adrenal masses helps in etiological diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of EUS-FNA of adrenal masses in cases where other imaging methods failed and/or were not feasible. Methods: Twenty-one consecutive patients with adrenal masses, in whom adrenal FNA was performed because conventional imaging modalities failed and/or were not feasible, were prospectively evaluated over a period of 3 years. Results: Of the 21 patients (mean age, 56±12.2 years; male:female ratio, 2:1), 12 had pyrexia of unknown origin and the other nine underwent evaluation for metastasis. The median lesion size was 2.4×1.6 cm. Ten patients were diagnosed with tuberculosis (shown by the presence of caseating granulomas [n=10] and acid-fast bacilli [n=4]). Two patients had EUS-FNA results suggestive of histoplasmosis. The other patients had metastatic lung carcinoma (n=6), hepatocellular carcinoma (n=1), and adrenal lipoma (n=1) and adrenal myelolipoma (n=1). EUS results were not suggestive of any particular etiology. No procedure-related adverse events occurred. Conclusions: EUS-FNA is a safe and effective method for evaluating adrenal masses, and it yields diagnosis in cases where tissue diagnosis is impossible or has failed using conventional imaging modalities.