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Fixed point theorems for weak contraction in Intuitionistic fuzzy metric space
Ramesh Kumar Vats,Ramesh Kumar Vats 호남수학회 2016 호남수학학술지 Vol.38 No.2
The notion of weak contraction in intuitionistic fuzzy metric space is well known and its study is well entrenched in the literature. This paper introduces the notion of $(\psi,\alpha,\beta)$-weak contraction in intuitionistic fuzzy metric space. In this contrast, we prove certain coincidence point results in partially ordered intuitionistic fuzzy metric spaces for functions which satisfy a certain inequality involving three control functions. In the course of investigation, we found that by imposing some additional conditions on the mappings, coincidence point turns out to be a fixed point. Moreover, we establish a theorem as an application of our results.
Ramesh, Rahul,Nandi, Dip K.,Kim, Tae Hyun,Cheon, Taehoon,Oh, Jihun,Kim, Soo-Hyun American Chemical Society 2019 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.11 No.19
<P>Future realization of a hydrogen-based economy requires a high-surface-area, low-cost, and robust electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this study, the MoN<SUB><I>x</I></SUB> thin layer is synthesized on to a high-surface-area three-dimensional (3D) nickel foam (NF) substrate using atomic layer deposition (ALD) for HER catalysis. MoN<SUB><I>x</I></SUB> is grown on NF by the sequential exposure of Mo(CO)<SUB>6</SUB> and NH<SUB>3</SUB> at 225 °C. The thickness of the thin film is controlled by varying the number of ALD cycles to maximize the HER performance of the MoN<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>/NF composite catalyst. The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of MoN<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>/NF highlight that ALD facilitates uniform and conformal coating. TEM analysis highlights that the MoN<SUB><I>x</I></SUB> film is predominantly amorphous with the nanocrystalline MoN grains (4 nm) dispersed throughout it. Moreover, the high-resolution (HR)-TEM analysis shows a rough surface of the MoN<SUB><I>x</I></SUB> film with an overall composition of Mo<SUB>0.59</SUB>N<SUB>0.41</SUB>. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth-profile analysis reveals that oxygen contamination is concentrated at the surface because of surface oxidation of the MoN<SUB><I>x</I></SUB> film under ambient conditions. The HER activity of MoN<SUB><I>x</I></SUB> is evaluated under acidic (0.5 M H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB>) and alkaline (0.1 M KOH) conditions. In an acidic electrolyte, the sample prepared with 700 ALD cycles exhibits significant HER activity and a low overpotential (η) of 148 mV at 10 mA cm<SUP>-2</SUP>. Under an alkaline condition, it achieves 10 mA cm<SUP>-2</SUP> with η of 125 mV for MoN<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>/NF (700 cycles). In both electrolytes, the MoN<SUB><I>x</I></SUB> thin film exhibits enhanced activity and stability because of the uniform and conformal coating on NF. Thus, this study facilitates the development of a large-area 3D freestanding catalyst for efficient electrochemical water-splitting, which may have commercial applicability.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Morphine induced inhibition of the activities of accessory reproductive ductsin male rats
Ramesh L Londonkar,Sharangouda,Saraswati B Patil 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2008 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.8 No.1
Adult male albino rats were treated with 0.5 mg and 0.75 mg morphine/100 g body weight intraperitoneally for 30 days. All the animals were autopsied on 31st day. Epididymis and vas deferens were dissected out, weighed and processed for histological and biochemical studies. Morphine has caused a reduction in the weight of epididymis and vas deferens in both the doses of drug treated groups. The total cholesterol content is increased while protein, DNA and RNA contents and epididymal sperm counts are decreased. The acid phosphatase content is decreased 10.12 ± 0.11 in caput, 9.26 ± 0.30 in cauda of epididymis and in vas deferens 8.14 ± 0.15 in 0.5 mg treated groups and in 0.75 mg treated rats shows 9.52 ± 0.27 in caput, 9.14 ± 0.18 in cauda of epididymis and in vas deferens 7.84 ± 0.11is decreased, whereas alkaline phosphatase is increased. The surface epithelial cell height of these ducts is reduced and secretory activity is inhibited with the disruption of epithelial cell projections. The gravimetric and histometric changes of epididymis and vas deferens may be due to non-availability of androgens in morphine treated rats. Adult male albino rats were treated with 0.5 mg and 0.75 mg morphine/100 g body weight intraperitoneally for 30 days. All the animals were autopsied on 31st day. Epididymis and vas deferens were dissected out, weighed and processed for histological and biochemical studies. Morphine has caused a reduction in the weight of epididymis and vas deferens in both the doses of drug treated groups. The total cholesterol content is increased while protein, DNA and RNA contents and epididymal sperm counts are decreased. The acid phosphatase content is decreased 10.12 ± 0.11 in caput, 9.26 ± 0.30 in cauda of epididymis and in vas deferens 8.14 ± 0.15 in 0.5 mg treated groups and in 0.75 mg treated rats shows 9.52 ± 0.27 in caput, 9.14 ± 0.18 in cauda of epididymis and in vas deferens 7.84 ± 0.11is decreased, whereas alkaline phosphatase is increased. The surface epithelial cell height of these ducts is reduced and secretory activity is inhibited with the disruption of epithelial cell projections. The gravimetric and histometric changes of epididymis and vas deferens may be due to non-availability of androgens in morphine treated rats.
Ramesh, Aruna,Soroushian, Sheila,Ganguly, Rumpa Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology 2013 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.43 No.4
Purpose: This study was performed to assess the correlation of calcified carotid atheromatous plaque (CCAP), the mandibular cortical index, and periodontal bone loss in panoramic radiographs. Materials and Methods: One hundred eighty-five panoramic radiographs with CCAP and 234 without this finding were evaluated by 3 observers for the presence of osseous changes related to osteoporosis and periodontal bone loss. Chi-squared and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare the two groups for an association of CCAP with the mandibular cortical index and periodontal bone loss, respectively. Results: There was a statistically significant coincidence of CCAP and osseous changes related to osteopenia/osteoporosis, with a p-value <0.001. There was no statistically significant coincidence of CCAP and periodontal bone loss. When comparing the 2 groups, "With CCAP" and "Without CCAP", there was a statistically significant association with the mean body mass index (BMI), number of remaining teeth, positive history of diabetes mellitus, and vascular accidents. There was no statistically significant association with gender or a history of smoking. Conclusion: This study identified a possible concurrence of CCAP and mandibular cortical changes secondary to osteopenia/osteoporosis in panoramic radiographs. This could demonstrate the important role of dental professionals in screening for these systemic conditions, leading to timely and appropriate referrals resulting in early interventions and thus improving overall health.
Beyond Factory Asia: Fuelling Growth in a Changing World
Ramesh Subramaniam,Thiam Hee Ng 한국경제연구원 2013 한국경제연구원 세미나자료 Vol.13 No.18
Factory Asia-these two simple words help define Asia’s phenomenal economic growth over the past 2 decades. A growing population eager to earn more provided relatively cheap and abundant labor in the last decade of the 20th century and the early part of the current century, producing many of the manufactured consumer goods the world needed. East Asia’s exports surged, particularly final goods destined for the United States (US) and eurozone economies. The array of goods produced and traded evolved rapidly-from agricultural to (low-value) manufacturing, and into services in a few cases. However, the global financial crisis and uncertain growth prospects in the United States and the eurozone have dampened demand for Asian exports. At the same time, rising wages threaten to erode the cost advantage that the region once had, managing supply chains has become more complex, and new technologies are transforming manufacturing. This paper aims to explore how Asia economies can move beyond Factory Asia. It will examine the strategies that Asian economies can pursue to meet these challenges. The paper concludes by discussing a range of policy, institutional, legal, and regulatory issues relating to reforms that will drive Asia’s economic and social transformation in its quest for a new Factory Asia model.