The bounds of meta-analytics and an alternative method

Ramalingam Shanmugam(Ramalingam Shanmugam ),Mohammad Tabatabai(Mohammad Tabatabai ),Derek Wilus;Karan P. Singh(Derek Wilus;Karan P. Singh ) 한국역학회 2024 Epidemiology and Health Vol.46 No.-

Parental Effects on Nutritional and Antioxidants Constituents in Seeds of Peanut cv. Boreom 1

Ramalingam Radhakrishnan,배석복,강상모,이인중,백인열 한국작물학회 2014 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.17 No.1

In spite of the importance of parental inheritance effects, many aspects remain inadequately explained. The objective of this studywas to explore parental effects on their progeny by estimating the variability of nutritional content in peanut seeds. The peanut cv. Boreom 1 was derived from Suwon 108 (female) and Milyang 4 (male). Protein and amino acid analyses revealed that male andfemale parent influences on protein, Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Pro, Ala, Cys, Val, Met, Ile, Leu, Tyr, Phe, His, and Arg content in their progeny. The oil and fatty acid composition (C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C20:0, C20:1, and C22:0) of the progeny were controlled byboth parental types. The synergistic interaction of female and male parental genes was also shown on sucrose and stachiyose content,while paternal effect was found on raffinose in their progeny. The antioxidant activity, daidzin, glycitin, genistin, mal-glycitin, maldaidzin,mal-genistin, and daidzein content of Boreom 1 were significantly correlated with those secondary metabolites of female parent. Our results documented that both parental genes differentially influenced on nutritional composition of their progeny, Boreom 1. This biochemical evidence of parental effects would be support to identify the suitable cultivars to improve the crop breeding.

Fault detection asynchronous filter design for discrete-time Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems under cyber attacks

Ramalingam Sakthivel,Ramasamy Kavikumar,Oh-Min Kwon 제어로봇시스템학회 2022 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.11

This paper deals with the issue of asynchronous filter design for a class of discrete-time Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy systems subject to time-varying delays, external disturbances and cyber attacks. Precisely, the cyber attacks phenomenon in the network environment satisfies the Bernoulli distributed white noise sequences. Firstly, an asynchronous filter is constructed for estimating the unmeasured states of the system and the corresponding fault detection problem is formulated as a resilient filtering issue by which the error between residual and fault is minimized with a mixed H<SUB>∞</SUB> and passivity performance. Secondly, the sufficient criteria are derived to ensure the filtering error system to be asymptotically stable. Finally, the applicability and usefulness of the proposed filter design method is verified through a practical example.

The potential role of secondary metabolites in modulating the flavor and taste of the meat

Ramalingam, Vaikundamoorthy,Song, Zhen,Hwang, Inho Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. 2019 Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Flavor is one of the most significant characteristics of beef palatability and it can eventually affect the consumer's acceptance of a beef product and purchasing habits. Variation in beef quality is large and is due to many factors, such as differences in genetic background, sex, age, management and nutrition. The consumer's decision to purchase beef is guided by the perception of healthiness and a variety of sensory traits including color, tenderness, juiciness, and aroma or flavor. Apart from this, there are several factors including peptides, fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins, fat contents are also play a vital role in determining the taste and flavor of the meat. In this review, we try to explore and explain the potential role of these factors in modulating the flavor and taste of the meat in detail.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The novelty and significance of the work are as follows: </LI> <LI> Sensory properties of the meat. </LI> <LI> Effect of Maillard reaction in modulating the quality of the meat. </LI> <LI> Role of secondary metabolites in taste and flavor of the meat. </LI> <LI> Perception of the flavor in the meat quality. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Decadal Variability of Satellite-Derived Air–Sea CO2 Flux in Southwestern Part of the Bay of Bengal

Ramalingam Shanthi,Durairaj Poornima,Thirunavukarasu Thangaradjou,Ayyappan Saravanakumar,Saroj B. Choudhury,Rajdeep Roy 한국해양과학기술원 2022 Ocean science journal Vol.57 No.2

Understanding the relationship between atmospheric and oceanic carbon cycles necessitates measuring geographical and temporal variations of surface water partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2). The seasonal pCO2 maps have been developed using MODIS-derived SST and chlorophyll for four different seasons to calculate air–sea flux of CO2 at basin scale. Summer in 2017 had the lowest pCO2 value (263 µatm), whereas monsoon season in 2016 had the highest (553 µatm). From 2010 to 2019, atmospheric pCO2 level fluctuated from 371 to 396 µatm with progressive growth of atmospheric pCO2 at 2.5 μatm year−1. The inter-annual CO2 flux ranged between − 3.58 and 3.64 mmol C m−2 day−1. Significant negative CO2 flux (− 3.58 mmol C m−2 day−1) was observed in 2015 premonsoon, indicating that the Bay of Bengal was a net sink for atmospheric CO2, while served as a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere in 2013 monsoon season with a significant positive flux of CO2 (3.64 mmol C m−2 day−1) to the atmosphere. The annual CO2 sink was active in 2015 (− 1.17 mmol C m−2 day−1) which showed increased trend from 2014 to 2018 with a range of − 1.17 to − 0.26 mmol C m−2 day−1. The Bay of Bengal was found to be a substantial CO2 contributor to the atmosphere in 2013 (3.64 mmol C m−2 day−1) and 2012 (3.27 mmol C m−2 day−1). In this context, the southwest Bay of Bengal serves as a net sink of atmospheric pCO2 during summer season on an annual scale, and a weak sink during postmonsoon and premonsoon seasons, while served as a strong source of CO2 to the atmosphere during monsoon season from 2010 to 2019 with super saturation of CO2.

Phase behavior of catalytic deactivated compounds and water with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [EMIM][OAc] ionic liquid at T = 298.15–323.15 K and p = 1 bar

Ramalingam Anantharaj,Tamal Banerjee 한국공업화학회 2012 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.18 No.1

Density,surfacetensionandrefractiveindexofthebinarymixtureofcatalyticdeactivatedcompoundswith1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate {[EMIM][OAc]} ionic liquid were measured at temperature of 298.15–323.15 K from which the derived thermodynamic properties including excess molar volume and deviation of surface tension and refractive index were calculated. The derived thermodynamic properties could be explained well bythe interaction between similar and dissimilar aromatic structureof the molecules over the entire mole fraction of ILs. It was observed that all the catalytic deactivated compounds and water molecules have significant structural interaction with [EMIM][OAc] via CH p bond interaction, p p stacking and n p interaction over the entire mole fraction of IL at T = 298.15 K. Further the composition of ionic liquid havesignificantinfluenceontheinteractionbetweendissimilararomaticstructureofmoleculeslikepyridine,indoline and quinoline in liquid phase as compared to temperature. The surface tension increases in the order of: hiophene > pyridine > quinoline > pyrrole > indoline > water; while the refractive index increases in the order: pyridine < water < pyrrole < thiophene < indoline < quinoline. The deviation of surface tension was foundtobeinverselyproportional tothedeviationof refractiveindexatT = 298.15 K.Fromtheseresults it was concluded that the structure of the ionic liquids is very important for extraction processes on catalytic deactivated compounds, especially for pyridine, indoline and quinoline as compared to water molecules.

Endophytic Fungal Pre-treatments of Seeds Alleviates Salinity Stress Effects in Soybean Plants

Ramalingam Radhakrishnan,Abdul Latif Khan,이인정 한국미생물학회 2013 The journal of microbiology Vol.51 No.6

In the present study, four endophytic fungi (GM-1, GM-2,GM-3, and GM-4) were tested for their ability to improve soybean plant growth under salinity stress conditions. The seed germination and plant growth were higher in seeds pretreated with endophytic fungal cultures than their controls. The positive influence of fungi on plant growth was supported by gibberellins analysis of culture filtrate (CF), which showed wide diversity and various concentrations of GAs. Specifically, GA4, GA7, GA8, GA9, GA12, and GA20 were found in fungal CFs. Under salinity stress conditions, GM-1significantly enhanced the length and fresh weight of soybean plants relative to other fungal treatments. GM-1 effectively mitigated the adverse effects of salinity by limiting lipid peroxidation and accumulating protein content. GM-2,GM-3, and GM-4 also counteracted the salinity induced oxidative stress in soybean plants through reduction of lipid peroxidation and enhancement of protein content, maintaining the length and fresh weight of shoots. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase were inhibited in salinity exposed plants,while GM-1 significantly enhanced these antioxidant enzyme activities in plants under salt stress. GM-1 treatment also showed lower levels of abscisic acid and elevated levels of salicylic acid in plants under salinity stress. Hence, GM-1 was identified as Fusarium verticillioides (teleomorph Gibberella moniliformis) isolate RK01 based on its DNA sequence homology. These results suggest that endophytic fungal (F. verticillioides) pre-treatment of soybean seeds would be an effective method to promote soybean plant growth under salinity stress conditions.

Copper phthalocyanine conjugated PANI coated screen printed carbon electrode for electrochemical sensing of 4-NP

Ramalingam Manikandan,Jang-Hee Yoon,Seung-Cheol Chang 한국표면공학회 2023 한국표면공학회지 Vol.56 No.1

In this work, we synthesized a novel electrochemical sensing materials based on tetracarboxylic copper phthalocyanine (TcCuPtc) conjugated PANI (TcCuPtc@PANI). The synthesized materials were employed to modify the screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) for the selective sensing of 4-nitrophenol. The TcCuPtc was conjugated with conducting polymer of PANI through the electrostatic interaction and π-π electron conjugation, the polymer film of PANI to inhibit the leakage of TcCuPtc from the surface of the electrode. The prepared TcCuPtc@PANI were characterized and confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDX, ATR-IR, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and differential pulse voltammetry techniques. The prepared TcCuPtc@PANI/SPCE showed an excellent electrocatalytic sensing of 4-NP in the linear concentrations from 3 to 500 nM with a LOD of 0.03 nM and a sensitivity of 8.8294 μA/nM cm<SUP>-2</SUP>. However, the prepared TcCuPtc@PANI/ SPCE showed selective sensing of 4-NP in the presence of other interfering species. The practical applicability of the TcCuPtc@PANI/SPCE was employed for the sensing of 4-NP in different water samples by standard addition method and showed satisfactory recovery results.

Insulin as a Potent Stimulator of Akt, ERK and Inhibin-βE Signaling in Osteoblast-Like UMR-106 Cells

Ramalingam, Mahesh,Kwon, Yong-Dae,Kim, Sung-Jin The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology 2016 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.24 No.6

Insulin is a peptide hormone of the endocrine pancreas and exerts a wide variety of physiological actions in insulin sensitive tissues, such as regulation of glucose homeostasis, cell growth, differentiation, learning and memory. However, the role of insulin in osteoblast cells remains to be fully characterized. In this study, we demonstrated that the insulin (100 nM) has the ability to stimulate the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt/PKB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and the levels of inhibin-${\beta}E$ in the osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells. This insulin-stimulated activities were abolished by the PI3K and MEK1 inhibitors LY294002 and PD98059, respectively. This is the first report proving that insulin is a potential candidate that enables the actions of inhibin-${\beta}E$ subunit of the TGF-${\beta}$ family. The current investigation provides a foundation for the realization of insulin as a potential stimulator in survival signaling pathways in osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells.

Pharmacological Activities and Applications of Spicatoside A

Ramalingam, Mahesh,Kim, Sung-Jin The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology 2016 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.24 No.5

Liriopogons (Liriope and Opiopogon) species are used as a main medicinal ingredient in several Asian countries. The Liriopes Radix (tuber, root of Liriope platyphylla) has to be a promising candidate due to their source of phytochemicals. Steroidal saponins and their glycosides, phenolic compounds, secondary metabolites are considered of active constituents in Liriopes Radix. Spicatoside A, a steroidal saponin, could be more efficacious drug candidate in future. In this review, we summarized the available knowledge on phytochemical and pharmacological activities for spicatoside A. It significantly suppressed the level of NF-${\kappa}B$, NO, iNOS, Cox-2, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and MAPKs in LPS-stimulated inflammation. The production of MUC5AC mucin was increased. MMP-13 expression was down-regulated in IL-$1{\beta}$-treated cells and reduced glycosaminoglycan release from IL-$1{\alpha}$-treated cells. The neurite outgrowth activity, PI3K, Akt, ERK1/2, TrkA and CREB phosphorylation and neurotropic factors such as NGF and BDNF were upregulated with increased latency time. It also showed cell growth inhibitory activity on various carcinoma cells. From this, spicatoside A exerts anti-inflammation, anti-asthma, anti-osteoclastogenesis, neurite outgrowth, memory consolidation and anticancer activities. Further studies are needed on spicatoside A in order to understand mechanisms of action to treat various human diseases.