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( Ramachandran priyadharshini ),( Ngoc Phuong Thao Nguyen ),( Joon Ho Choi ),( Yun Chan Kang ),( Marimuthu Jeya ),( Jung Kul Lee ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.3
A high β-glucosidase (BGL)-producing strain, Stereum hirsutum, was identified and isolated and showed a maximum BGL activity (10.4 U/ml) when cultured with Avicel and tryptone as the carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. In comparison with other BGLs, BGL obtained from S. hirsutum showed a higher level of activity to cellobiose (Vmax = 172 U/mg, and kcat = 281/s). Under the optimum conditions (600 rpm, 30oC, and pH 6.0), the maximum BGL activity of 10.4 U/ml with the overall productivity of 74.5 U/l/h was observed. BGL production was scaled up from a laboratory scale (7-L fermenter) to a pilot scale (70-L fermenter). When S. hirsutum was cultured in fed-batch culture with rice straw as the carbon source in a 70-L fermenter, a comparable productivity of 78.6 U/l/h was obtained. Furthermore, S. hirsutum showed high levels of activity of other lignocellulases (cellobiohydrolase, endoglucanase, xylanase, and laccase) that are involved in the saccharification of biomasses. Application of S. hirsutum lignocellulases in the hydrolysis of Pinus densiflora and Catalpa ovata showed saccharification yields of 49.7% and 43.0%, respectively, which were higher than the yield obtained using commercial enzymes.
Ramachandran, Esakky,John, Suchit Ashish,Abraham, Gerard,Bhattacharya, Partha Sarathi 한국작물학회 2011 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.14 No.4
The PTM3 (MADS-box) gene characterized from flower of Aspen was ectopically expressed in cotton and was found to result in desirable agronomic traits. Among several transgenic lines, the PTM3 cotton event-10 was found to flower significantly earlier than the control and yield better [Ramachandran et al. (2011)]. We report our findings on performance based on greenhouse evaluation and inheritance of PTM3 cotton event-10. The $T_1$ progeny of event-10 were grown in pots under RBD design. The progeny were confirmed by kanamycin imbibition test, PCR, and GUS assay which showed the segregation of transgene at about 3:1 ratio. GUS assay was performed with pollen from all transgenic plants; plants that expressed gus in all pollen versus those that showed segregation for expression were found to be at a ratio of 1:2. Similar to observations made in the $T_0$ generation of event-10, the agronomic evaluation of $T_1$ progeny exhibited, on an average, earliness of 13 days in flowering, 13.5 days in crop maturity, and 22% of yield enhancement. The $T_2$ progeny of homozygous lines were grown on field soil in the greenhouse under strip trial design to see the effect as observed from potted plants of $T_1$ progeny. Inheritance of transgene cassette to $T_2$ progeny was confirmed by the same tests used to analyze $T_1$ progeny. As exhibited by $T_0$ and $T_1$ progenies, the $T_2$ progeny also showed earliness of 8 days in flowering, 12 days in crop maturity, and 17% of yield enhancement. The data generated from the progeny over two generations confirms that the PTM3 cotton event-10 is superior in agronomic characters as compared to non-transgenic cotton and is of interest for breeding shorter duration varieties with improved yield.
Esakky Ramachandran,Suchit Ashish John,Gerard Abraham,Partha Sarathi Bhattacharya 한국작물학회 2011 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.14 No.4
The PTM3 (MADS-box) gene characterized from flower of Aspen was ectopically expressed in cotton and was found to result in desirable agronomic traits. Among several transgenic lines, the PTM3 cotton event-10 was found to flower significantly earlier than the control and yield better [Ramachandran et al. (2011)]. We report our findings on performance based on greenhouse evaluation and inheritance of PTM3 cotton event-10. The T1 progeny of event-10 were grown in pots under RBD design. The progeny were confirmed by kanamycin imbibition test, PCR, and GUS assay which showed the segregation of transgene at about 3:1 ratio. GUS assay was performed with pollen from all transgenic plants; plants that expressed gus in all pollen versus those that showed segregation for expression were found to be at a ratio of 1:2. Similar to observations made in the T0 generation of event-10, the agronomic evaluation of T1 progeny exhibited, on an average, earliness of 13 days in flowering, 13.5 days in crop maturity, and 22% of yield enhancement. The T2 progeny of homozygous lines were grown on field soil in the greenhouse under strip trial design to see the effect as observed from potted plants of T1 progeny. Inheritance of transgene cassette to T2 progeny was confirmed by the same tests used to analyze T1progeny. As exhibited by T0 and T1 progenies, the T2 progeny also showed earliness of 8 days in flowering, 12 days in crop maturity,and 17% of yield enhancement. The data generated from the progeny over two generations confirms that the PTM3 cotton event-10is superior in agronomic characters as compared to non-transgenic cotton and is of interest for breeding shorter duration varieties with improved yield.
A Honey-Hive based Efficient Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks
Ramachandran, Nandhakumar,Perumal, Varalakshmi The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2018 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.13 No.2
The advent of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has led to their use in numerous applications. Sensors are autonomous in nature and are constrained by limited resources. Designing an autonomous topology with criteria for economic and energy conservation is considered a major goal in WSN. The proposed honey-hive clustering consumes minimum energy and resources with minimal transmission delay compared to the existing approaches. The honey-hive approach consists of two phases. The first phase is an Intra-Cluster Min-Max Discrepancy (ICMMD) analysis, which is based on the local honey-hive data gathering technique and the second phase is Inter-Cluster Frequency Matching (ICFM), which is based on the global optimal data aggregation. The proposed data aggregation mechanism increases the optimal connectivity range of the sensor node to a considerable degree for inter-cluster and intra-cluster coverage with an improved optimal energy conservation.
Ramachandran Kasirajan,Renganathan Sahadevan,Sivakumar Pandian,Suganya Tamilarasan 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.31 No.3
The lipid content was extracted from the saga seed by superheated condition and soxhlet apparatus. Themixture of hexane, chloroform and methanol was utilized as a mixed solvent for these extraction operations. Differentparameters such as different solvent, temperature, mean particle size and solvent flow have been examined. The optimizedlipid extraction was achieved as 26.2 wt% by using superheated condition from the saga seed powder at 90 oCfor 120min. Then the fatty acids profile of the optimized Adenanthera pavonina oil were analyzed by gas chromatography. Unsaturated fatty acid was high as 83.7% compared with saturated fatty acid barely 15.4% by relative.
Ramachandran, K.,Zahoor, A.,Raj Kumar, T.,Nahm, K.S.,Balasubramani, A.,Gnana Kumar, G. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2017 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.46 No.-
<P>The tetragonal alpha-phase structured manganese dioxide nanorods were densely grown over the nitrogen doped graphite nanofibers (NGNF/MnO2) via a facile and one-pot hydrothermal technique. The amperometric results depicted that NGNF/MnO2 composite exhibited a high sensitivity of 1096 mu A mM(-1) cm(-2) and a wide linear range from 0.1 to 11 mM with the lower detection limit of 1.25 mu M toward the non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection, owing to the synergistic effects of NGNF and MnO2. In the prospect of excellent selectivity, real sample analysis and other striking advantages, the developed non-enzymatic sensors hold promising potential for the tight monitoring of H2O(2) in the food and clinical diagnosis fields. (C) 2016 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>
Ramachandran S.,Ramasamy M. 대한전기학회 2021 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.16 No.3
In this paper, the purpose of improving the power quality of the standalone wind conversion system (WECS) is to utilize a quasi-impedance (qZ) static compensator (STATCOM) integrated solar photovoltaic (SPV) source network. The standalone WECS has utilized the fl ywheel energy storage system (FESS) and the self-excited induction generator (SEIG). The SPV power generation network integrates with the STATCOM DC-Link to compensate for the voltage and frequency fl uctuations over a longer time. The SEIG terminal voltage and STATCOM DC-link voltage are regulated using an enhanced secondorder generalized integrator (ESOGI) with a fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The coordination logic is proposed in order to handle the various scenarios and make the device energy effi cient. The unit is built for optimal usage of the electrical energy generated from renewable sources by utilizing physical energy storage systems such as fl ywheel and battery. In both batteries and fl ywheels, excess power from the SPV and wind turbines is collected. To verify the performance of the SPV supported STATCOM, the simulation and experimental studies are performed under specifi c load conditions. This paper describes an optimal way to produce and utilize green power with better energy effi ciency. With various current conditions, the typical level of harmonic distortion of the source current is about 1.4% lower than that specifi ed by IEEE Std. 519–2014 for the tolerable 5% level.
Ramachandran Sekar,Kopula Kesavan Jagadesh,Giri Nagasamy Kuppusamy Ramesh Bapu 한국화학공학회 2015 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.32 No.6
The present investigation deals with the electrodeposition of nanocrystalline nickel onto mild steel metallic foil from electrolytes containing nickel acetate as the major metal salt. Two different chlorides, potassium chloride and nickel chloride, were tried for two different baths. Potassium citrate was used as buffer for alternate to boric acid. The additives tried were sodium lauryl sulfate as wetting agent, saccharin as primary brightener and 2-butyne 1,4-diol as secondary brightener. These additives are found to improve the hardness, grain size, surface morphology of the electrodeposited nickel films and throwing power of the nickel acetate electrolytes. The nickel films prepared from nickel chloride containing electrolytes showed higher corrosion resistance as compared to potassium chloride containing electrolytes, because the nickel films produced from the nickel chloride electrolytes are compact and possess fine grained structure. The XRD pattern obtained for electrodeposited nickel shows polycrystalline face centered cubic structure. The crystal size was calculated using Scherrer formula. A uniform and pore free surface was observed under SEM analysis.