Hexa-functional tumour-seeking nano voyagers and annihilators for synergistic cancer theranostic applications

Ramachandra Kurup Sasikala, Arathyram,Unnithan, Afeesh Rajan,Thomas, Reju George,Batgerel, Tumurbaatar,Jeong, Yong Yeon,Park, Chan Hee,Kim, Cheol Sang The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Nanoscale Vol.10 No.41

<P>In order to meet the unmet medical needs for effective cancer treatment, multifunctional nanocarriers based on iron oxide nanoparticles hold tremendous promise. Here we report a superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles based hexa-functional nanosystem for synergistic cancer theranostic applications by offering active tumour targeting, accumulation and complementary imaging capability by combining magnetic resonance imaging as well as near-infrared fluorescence, magnetophotothermia and chemotherapy. The uniquely designed nanosystem exhibited a paramount increase in the antitumour efficacy through the simultaneous application of multiple thermal effects called magnetophotothermia, which outweighed the therapeutic efficacy of the current thermo-chemo therapies or stand-alone therapies. The active tumour-seeking property with prolonged tumour accumulation and complementary imaging capability with improved sensitivity and resolution also augments the therapeutic efficacy of the proposed nanosystem. Additionally, the work proposes a deep-learning-based tumour cell nuclei detection technique from H&E stained images in anticipation of providing much inspiration for the future of precision histology.</P>

Prediction of flexural behaviour of RC beams strengthened with ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete

Ramachandra Murthy A,M. Aravindan,P. Ganesh 국제구조공학회 2018 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.65 No.3

This paper predicts the flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with a precast strip of ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC). In the first phase, ultimate load capacity of preloaded and strengthened RC beams by UHPFRC was predicted by using various analytical models available in the literature. RC beams were preloaded under static loading approximately to 70%, 80% and 90% of ultimate load of control beams. The models such as modified Kaar and sectional analysis predicted the ultimate load in close agreement to the corresponding experimental observations. In the second phase, the famous fatigue life models such as Papakonstantinou model and Ferrier model were employed to predict the number of cycles to failure and the corresponding deflection. The models were used to predict the life of the (i) strengthened RC beams after subjecting them to different pre-loadings (70%, 80% and 90% of ultimate load) under static loading and (ii) strengthened RC beams after subjecting them to different preloading cycles under fatigue loading. In both the cases precast UHPFRC strip of 10 mm thickness is attached on the tension face. It is found that both the models predicted the number of cycles to failure and the corresponding deflection very close to the experimental values. It can be concluded that the models are found to be robust and reliable for cement based strengthening systems also. Further, the Wang model which is based on Palmgren-Miner’s rule is employed to predict the no. of cycles to failure and it is found that the predicted values are in very good agreement with the corresponding experimental observations.

Design and application of a smart nanodevice by combining cationic drug delivery and hyperthermia for cancer apoptosis

Ramachandra Kurup Sasikala, Arathyram,Unnithan, Afeesh Rajan,Park, Chan Hee,Kim, Cheol Sang The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Journal of materials chemistry. B, Materials for b Vol.4 No.4

<P>Multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles have gained ample attention in the field of nanomedicine in recent years. Here, novel superparamagnetic core-shell manganese ferrite nanoparticles (MFNP)-encapsulated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSMFNPs) loaded with anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) for the combined application of hyperthermia and chemotherapy were developed and tested <I>in vitro</I>. Our results indicate that DOX-MSMFNPs achieved a favorable hyperthermic response in an alternating magnetic field in addition to cancer cell-specific cationic DOX release due to the cleavage of amide bonds under acidic pH, and synergistically contributed towards an enhanced tumoricidal effect.</P>

Hierarchical Graph Based Segmentation and Consensus based Human Tracking Technique

Ramachandra, Sunitha Madasi,Jayanna, Haradagere Siddaramaiah,Ramegowda, Ramegowda Korea Information Processing Society 2019 Journal of information processing systems Vol.15 No.1

Accurate detection, tracking and analysis of human movement using robots and other visual surveillance systems is still a challenge. Efforts are on to make the system robust against constraints such as variation in shape, size, pose and occlusion. Traditional methods of detection used the sliding window approach which involved scanning of various sizes of windows across an image. This paper concentrates on employing a state-of-the-art, hierarchical graph based method for segmentation. It has two stages: part level segmentation for color-consistent segments and object level segmentation for category-consistent regions. The tracking phase is achieved by employing SIFT keypoint descriptor based technique in a combined matching and tracking scheme with validation phase. Localization of human region in each frame is performed by keypoints by casting votes for the center of the human detected region. As it is difficult to avoid incorrect keypoints, a consensus-based framework is used to detect voting behavior. The designed methodology is tested on the video sequences having 3 to 4 persons.

균열 생성과 진전 단계들을 고려한 S-N 곡선으로부터의 Paris 법칙 파라미터 추출 기법 개발

Ramachandra Prabhu, Sreehari,이재범(Lee, Jaebeom),이영주(Lee, Young-Joo) 대한토목학회 2017 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.10

Prediction of fly ash concrete compressive strengths using soft computing techniques

Rajeshwari Ramachandra,Sukomal Mandal 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2020 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.25 No.1

The use of fly ash in modern-day concrete technology aiming sustainable constructions is on rapid rise. Fly ash, a spinoff from coal calcined thermal power plants with pozzolanic properties is used for cement replacement in concrete. Fly ash concrete is cost effective, which modifies and improves the fresh and hardened properties of concrete and additionally addresses the disposal and storage issues of fly ash. Soft computing techniques have gained attention in the civil engineering field which addresses the drawbacks of classical experimental and computational methods of determining the concrete compressive strength with varying percentages of fly ash. In this study, models based on soft computing techniques employed for the prediction of the compressive strengths of fly ash concrete are collected from literature. They are classified in a categorical way of concrete strengths such as control concrete, high strength concrete, high performance concrete, self-compacting concrete, and other concretes pertaining to the soft computing techniques usage. The performance of models in terms of statistical measures such as mean square error, root mean square error, coefficient of correlation, etc. has shown that soft computing techniques have potential applications for predicting the fly ash concrete compressive strengths.

Multi Protocol Label Switching(MPLS)

Srihari Ramachandra 정보통신정책연구원 2000 세미나및공청회 Vol.2000 No.

Prediction of fatigue crack initiation life in SA312 Type 304LN austenitic stainless steel straight pipes with notch

A. Ramachandra Murthy,S. Vishnuvardhan,K.V. Anjusha,P. Gandhi,P.K. Singh 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.5

In the nuclear power plants, stainless steel is widely used for fabrication of various components such aspiping and pipe fittings. These piping components are subjected to cyclic loading due to start up and shutdown of the nuclear power plants. The application of cyclic loading may lead to initiation of crack atstress raiser locations such as nozzle to piping connection, crown of piping bends etc. of the pipingsystem. Crack initiation can also take place from the flaws which have gone unnoticed duringmanufacturing. Therefore, prediction of crack initiation life would help in decision making with respectto plant operational life. The primary objective of the present study is to compile various analyticalmodels to predict the crack initiation life of the pipes with notch. Here notch simulates the stress raisersin the piping system. As a part of the study, Coffin-Manson equations have been benchmarked to predictthe crack initiation life of pipe with notch. Analytical models proposed by Zheng et al. [1], Singh et al. [2],Yang Dong et al. [25], Masayuki et al. [33] and Liu et al. [3] were compiled to predict the crack initiationlife of SA312 Type 304LN stainless steel pipe with notch under fatigue loading. Tensile and low cyclefatigue properties were evaluated for the same lot of SA312 Type 304LN stainless steel as that of pipe test. The predicted crack initiation lives by different models were compared with the experimental results ofthree pipes under different frequencies and loading conditions. It was observed that the predicted crackinitiation life is in very good agreement with experimental results with maximum difference of ±10.0%.

Flexural behaviour of GFRP reinforced concrete beams under cyclic loading

A. Ramachandra Murthy,P. Gandhi,D.M. Pukazhendhi,F. Giftson Samuel,S. Vishnuvardhan 국제구조공학회 2022 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.84 No.3

This paper examines the flexural performance of concrete beams reinforced with glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars under fatigue loading. Experiments were carried out on concrete beams of size 1500×200×100 mm reinforced with 10 mm and 13 mm diameter GFRP bars under fatigue loading. Experimental investigations revealed that fatigue loading affects both strength and serviceability properties of GFRP reinforced concrete. Experimental results indicated that (i) the concrete beams experienced increase in deflection with increase in number of cycles and failed suddenly due to snapping of rebars and (ii) the fatigue life of concrete beams drastically decreased with increase in stress level. Analytical model presented a procedure for predicting the deflection of concrete beams reinforced with GFRP bars under cyclic loading. Deflection of concrete beams was computed by considering the aspects such as stiffness degradation, force equilibrium equations and effective moment of inertia. Nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis was performed on concrete beams reinforced with GFRP bars. Appropriate constitutive relationships for concrete and GFRP bars were considered in the numerical modelling. Concrete non linearity has been accounted through concrete damage plasticity model available in ABAQUS. Deflection versus number of cycles obtained experimentally for various beams was compared with the analytical and numerical predictions. It was observed that the predicted values are comparable (less than 20% difference) with the corresponding experimental observations.

Hydrolysis of Rice Bran Oil Using Immobilized Lipase in a Stirred Batch Reactor

V. Ramachandra Murty,Jayadev Bhat,P. K. A. Muniswaran 한국생물공학회 2002 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.7 No.6

Candida cylindracea lipase was immobilized by adsorptiIt was observed that protein loading of the suport depends on the size of the particle, with smaller particle containing higher amount of protein per unit weight. Initial reaction rate linearly varied up to enzyme concentration of 17.25 U/mL. Amount of free faty acids produced was linearly proportional up to the enzyme loading of 1650 .g/g of bead. Achievement of chemical equilibrium took longer time in the case of les protein loading. Degree of hydrolysis was found to decrease in second and third consecutive batch operations on repeated use of immobilized lipase.