http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Adenocarcinoma in Horseshoe Kidney
Rajinder Jhobta,Amarpreet Singh Bawa,Ashok Kumar Attri,Robin Kaushik 연세대학교의과대학 2003 Yonsei medical journal Vol.44 No.4
An adenocarcinoma arising in a horseshoe kidney (HK) is rare. The case of a forty five-year-old male patient, presenting with a recurrent, painless hematuria, is reported. On investigation the patient was found to have a horseshoe kidney, with an adenocarcinoma in the left hemi-kidney, which was treated surgically, with a hemi-nephrectomy, of the involved part, being performed to excise the tumor. A brief review of the relevant literature is also presented.
Rajinder Bhasin,Thomas Pabst 대한토목학회 2015 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.19 No.3
Numerical simulations have been performed to assess the stability of a large underground powerhouse in the Himalayas, using bothfinite element and distinct element approaches. Large convergences (around 250-300 mm) along the 45 m high wall of the MachineHall have been measured by total station measurements during construction and up to 60 mm in the post construction and operationalphase. Displacements are continuing at a reduced rate of about 3 to 6 mm per year. A large number of rock bolts have failed in thepowerhouse and the shotcrete liner presents cracks and failure marks, thus questioning the long-term integrity and stability of theexisting rock support system. The purpose of the numerical analysis was to back-calculate the prevailing rock mass conditionssurrounding the machine hall, thereby gaining a better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the instability in the cavern. The results from the analysis indicate that there was possibly an underestimation of the rock support requirements needed for thecavern, coupled with a not so good installation (incomplete grouting of the bolts). Both the length and the capacity of the rock boltswere underestimated presumably due to the existence of a high stress regime in the area, which may not have been taken intoconsideration in the design of rock support. The effect of a possible earthquake, frequent in this area, has also been studied and provesto induce a significant increase of the displacements and the support failure.
Rajinder Raina,Pawan K. Verma,N. K. Pankaj,Shahid Prawez 대한수의학회 2009 JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE Vol.10 No.3
Present study was undertaken to study the effect of cypermethrin on oxidative stress after chronic dermal application. The insecticide was applied dermally at 50 mg/kg body weight in different groups of Wistar rats of either sex weighing 150∼200 g. Significant (p < 0.05) increase in catalase activity was observed after 30 days of exposure. However, the superoxide dismutase activity declined significantly after 60 days of exposure. The activity of glutathione peroxidase and blood glutathione levels declined significantly (p < 0.05) after 30 days of cypermethrin dermal application. However, the activity of glutathione S-transferase increased significantly (p < 0.05) in all groups after 60 days of dermal exposure. Significant increase in lipid peroxidation was observed from 30 days onwards and reached a peak after 120 days of application.
Bhasin, Rajinder,Aarset, Arnstein Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Associatio 2020 자연, 터널 그리고 지하공간 Vol.22 No.1
Tunnelling to bypass major landslide areas is considered as a good and long-term environmentally friendly solution to reduce an existing hazard. In Norway, hundreds of kilometres of tunnels have been constructed in areas prone to landslides and snow avalanches. Although tunnelling is considered as an expensive mitigation strategy for bypassing landslides, analysis indicate that in some cases the cost of building a tunnel can be repaid by savings in driving costs (fuel) alone over a period of 5-10 years due to reduced driving distances. The other benefits of constructing tunnels in landslide areas include savings in time and increased safety. The Norwegian Method of Tunnelling (NMT) is considered safe, efficient and cost effective compared to other tunnelling techniques. Some aspects of NMT, which are considered safe and cost efficient, are presented. The application of updated rock support techniques, including reinforced ribs of shotctrete (RRS), which is a key component of the Norwegian Method of Tunnelling (NMT), is highlighted.
Recent advances in CRISPR/Cas mediated genome editing for crop improvement
Samriti Sharma,Rajinder Kaur,Anupama Singh 한국식물생명공학회 2017 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.11 No.4
Plant breeding is one of the oldest sustainable agriculture methods used to increase the yield, quality and other biomaterial for human use. Many crops like fruits, vegetables, ornamental flowers, shrubs and trees, have been long cultivated to satisfy human food and aesthetical needs. Conventional breeding technologies like selection, hybridization, mutation through physical and chemical methods, and modern transgenic approaches are often used to improve the desired traits without inducing the pleiotropic effects. But these breeding methods are highly laborious and complicated to enhance crop production. Recently, targeted genome editing through engineered nuclease including zinc finger nuclease, transcription activator like effector nuclease and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) have been used to improve various traits in plants. Genome editing has emerged as a novel alternative approach to classical breeding with higher mutagenic efficiency. Here, we briefly cover the strengths of CRISPRs in comparison with other genome editing techniques. We also discuss its potential applications in genetic improvement of various crops and future prospective.
Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Cabbage Cultivars Using RAPD and SSR Markers
Bhawna Saxena,Rajinder Kaur,Satya Vrat Bhardwaj 한국작물학회 2011 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.14 No.3
Genetic relationship and diversity among seven cabbage cultivars were analyzed using RAPD and SSR markers. These cultivars are of great commercial value in India and are confirmed for their reaction to black rot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. However, so far the extent of genetic diversity and relatedness has not been studied in these cultivars. A total of 17selected RAPD primers generated 90 bands, 76 of which were polymorphic (84.44%). In addition, 27 selected SSR primers generated 67 amplified bands with 59 of which were polymorphic (87.6%). Though both the marker techniques were able to discriminate the cultivars effectively, analysis of combined data of markers (RAPD and SSR) resulted in better distinction of cultivars. By combining both the markers, a total of 157 bands were detected of which 135 bands (85.98%) were polymorphic, i.e. an average of 5.95 bands per primer. High level of polymorphism (> 85%) recorded with two different marker systems indicated a high level of genetic variation existing among the cultivars. Genetic relationship estimated using similarity co-efficient (Jaccard’s) values between different pairs of cultivars varied from 0.21 to 0.77 in RAPD, 0.42 to 0.82 in SSR, and 0.43 to 0.89 with combined markers. A high correspondence had been recorded between the values of genetic variations generated by UPGMA, clustering, and scatter plot diagrams. The cultivars ‘January King Sel. Improved’ and ‘Golden Acre’ are highly divergent cultivars as demonstrated by both the marker systems.
Optimizing the Net Gain of a Raman-EDFA Hybrid Optical Amplifier using a Genetic Algorithm
Simranjit Singh,Rajinder-Singh Kaler 한국광학회 2014 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.18 No.5
For the first time, a novel analytical model of the net gain for a Raman-EDFA hybrid optical amplifier (HOA) is proposed and its various parameters optimized using a genetic algorithm. Our method has been shown to be robust in the simultaneous analysis of multiple parameters (Raman length, EDFA length, and pump powers) to obtain large gain. The optimized HOA is further investigated at the system level for the scenario of a 50-channel DWDM system with 0.2-nm channel spacing. With an optimized HOA, a flat gain of >17 dB is obtained over the effective ITU-T wavelength grid with a variation of less than 1.5 dB, without using any gain-flattening technique. The obtained noise figure is also the lowest value ever reported for a Raman-EDFA HOA at reduced channel spacing.
Realization of High Speed All-Optical Half Adder and Half Subtractor Using SOA Based Logic Gates
Simranjit Singh,Rajinder Singh Kaler,Rupinder Kaur 한국광학회 2014 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.18 No.6
In this paper, the scheme of a single module for simultaneous operation of all-optical computing circuits, namely half adder and half subtractor, are realized using semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) based logic gates. Optical XOR gate by employing a SOA based Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) configuration is used to get the sum and difference outputs. A carry signal is generated using a SOA-four wave mixing (FWM) based AND gate, whereas, the borrow is generated by employing the SOA-cross gain modulation (XGM) effect. The obtained results confirm the feasibility of our configuration by proving the good level of quality factor i.e. ~5.5, 9.95 and 12.51 for sum/difference, carry and borrow, respectively at 0 dBm of input power.
Ultrahigh Speed Reconfigurable Logic Operations Based on Single Semiconductor Optical Amplifier
Sanmukh Kaur,Rajinder-Singh Kaler 한국광학회 2012 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.16 No.1
We demonstrate an optical gate architecture using a single SOA to perform AND, OR and NOT logic functions. Simple reconfigurable all-optical logic operations are implemented using RZ modulated signals at 40 Gb/s. Contrast ratio and extinction ratio values have been analysed for the different types of logic gates. Maximum extinction ratio and contrast ratio achieved are 19dB and 17.2 dB respectively. Simple structure and potential for integration makes this architecture an interesting approach in photonic computing and optical signal processing.