The incidence and morphology of maxillary sinus septa in dentate and edentulous maxillae: a cadaveric study with a brief review of the literature

Kusum Rajendra Gandhi,Rajendra Namdeo Wabale,Abu Ubaida Siddiqui,Mujjebuddeen Samsudeen Farooqui 대한구강악안면외과학회 2015 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.41 No.1

Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the incidence, location, and orientation of maxillary sinus septa in formalin embalmed cadavers. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 210 cadaveric heads available in our department. After taking the mid-sagittal section the specimens were opened from the medial aspect and the sinus cavity was explored for the presence of maxillary sinus septa, their anatomical plane, location and dimensions. Results: The mean linear distance between maxillary sinus floor and its anatomical ostium was 26.76±5.21 mm and 26.91±4.96 mm on right and left side, respectively. A total of 59 maxillary sinus septa (28.1%) were observed in 210 maxillary specimens. Septae were most common, 33 septa (55.9%), in the middle region (between first and second molar tooth) of the sinus cavity. The maxillary sinus membrane (Schneiderian membrane) adhered tightly to the maxillary sinus and over the septae. Significantly more maxillary sinus septa were observed in edentulous maxillae in comparison to the dentate upper jaw. Conclusion: Knowledge of location of maxillary sinus ostium is mandatory for the rhinologist for drainage of secretions in maxillary sinusitis. The morphological details of maxillary sinus septa, particularly their location and anatomical planes, will guide dentists in performance of safe implant surgeries. The maxillary antrum septa of category I and II may complicate the procedure of inversion of bone plate and elevation of sinus membrane during maxillary augmentation surgeries. The category III septa observed in the sagittal plane were embedded by one of the branches of the infraorbital nerve in it, and if accidentally cut will lead to infraorbital nerve palsy in maxillary sinus surgeries.

Phase transition kinetics and surface binding states of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite

Rajendra Kumar, G.,Dennyson Savariraj, A.,Karthick, S. N.,Selvam, S.,Balamuralitharan, B.,Kim, Hee-Je,Viswanathan, K. K.,Vijaykumar, M.,Prabakar, Kandasamy The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.18 No.10

<P>We have presented a detailed analysis of the phase transition kinetics and binding energy states of solution processed methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI(3)) thin films prepared at ambient conditions and annealed at different elevated temperatures. It is the processing temperature and environmental conditions that predominantly control the crystal structure and surface morphology of MAPbI3 thin films. The structural transformation from tetragonal to cubic occurs at 60 degrees C with a 30 minute annealing time while the 10 minute annealed films posses a tetragonal crystal structure. The transformed phase is greatly intact even at the higher annealing temperature of 150 degrees C and after a time of 2 hours. The charge transfer interaction between the Pb 4f and I 3d oxidation states is quantified using XPS.</P>

Formulation and Sensory Evaluation of Granule and Tablet fromLotus Rhizome (Nelumbo nucifera Rhizome)

Rajendra Karki,,Kyu-Ho Bang,김동욱 한국자원식물학회 2008 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.21 No.1

Nelumbo nucifera root (NNR) is used to clear summerheat (暑熱), bear Yang (陽) upwards and stop bleeding as mentioned in traditional Korean medicine. Also, it has been known that NNR is effective for lowering blood pressure and hyperlipidemia. The rhizome is considered to be nutritive, demulcent, diuretic and cholagogue and is used to treat piles, dyspepsia and diarrhea. An increasingly growing market for nutraceuticals and functional foods has triggered the study on natural sources for nutraceuticals, health foods and functional foods. But rhizome was inconvenient to formulate liquid dosage form (extract) by way of hot water because of its limited storage. Also the majority of the consumers have a complaint against the dosage. The purpose of this study was to develop the functional materials from NNR without side effects. We formulated the solid dosage form viz tablet and granule from the lotus root. Sensory evaluation was performed in terms of smell, taste, color and overall of lotus root and all colored forms (brown, dark brown, light green and yellow) of tablet and granule to evaluate the acceptability of the formulated tablets and granules. In sensory evaluation, among the formulated tablets and granules, light green granules obtained best score overall and yellow tablets showed the overall improved acceptability. In conclusion, lotus rhizome could be recommended as functional food. Further studies to clarify bioactive functions of Nelumbo nucifera in experimental animal model on atopic dermatitis are in progress.

Online Compensation of Parameter Variation Effects for Robust Interior PM Synchronous Motor Drives

Rajendra L. Shrestha,Jul-Ki Seok 전력전자학회 2011 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.11 No.5

This paper presents an online voltage disturbance estimator to achieve precise torque control of IPMSMs over a high speed operating region. The proposed design has a type of state-filter based on a Luenburger-style closed loop stator current vector observer. Utilizing the frequency response plot (FRF) approach, the estimation accuracy and the parameter sensitivities are analyzed. Accurate torque control and improved efficiency are provided with the decoupling of the effect of the parameter variations. The feasibility of the presented idea is verified by laboratory experiments.

Interplay between Iodide and Tin Vacancies in CsSnI₃ Perovskite Solar Cells

Rajendra Kumar, G.,Kim, Hee-Je,Karupannan, Senthil,Prabakar, Kandasamy American Chemical Society 2017 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C - Vol.121 No.30

<P>Tin -based perovskite materials have the drawbacks of high density of Sn vacancies, structural deformations of SnI6- octahedra, and oxidation of unstable Sn2+ states, resulting in poor chemical stability processed at inert and open atmosphere. In this work, we demonstrate the temperature effects on reduction of Sn vacancies (V-sn) in polymorphic CsSnI3 perovskite solar cells. Evidence of light-induced I- ion diffusion and an interplay between iodide and Sn vacancies were briefly presented. We have observed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy that the formation of iodide vacancies (V-I) are highly activated at 60 degrees C, contributing to the reduction of acceptor defects, mainly Sn vacancies (V-sn). The formation of SnO- and SnO2- at high temperature mitigates the Sn-I interaction and eventually increases the trap density at Au/CsSnI3 interfaces. We have observed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry that the delocalized r ions are accumulated near the metal contacts and form AuI- ions which diffuse through the material, inhibiting the exciton transport.</P>

Growth of ZnO nanodisk, nanospindles and nanoflowers for gas sensor: pH dependency

RAJENDRA CHARANDEO PAWAR,J.S. Shaikh,S. S. Suryavanshi,P.S. Patil 한국물리학회 2012 Current Applied Physics Vol.12 No.3

Suitable morphology for fast electron transportation is a crucial requirement for the fabrication of gas sensor application. Highly oriented and well defined zinc oxide (ZnO) nano/micro-scale structures are grown on the glass substrates using aqueous chemical route. The grown nanostructures have been characterized by X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical absorption techniques. The SEM micrographs revealed the formation of disk, rod, spindle and flower-like morphologies at different pH values ranging from 5 to 10. The grown nanostructures were employed for acetone gas-sensing measurement. It is observed that the sensors based on nanoflowers showed higher response (95%) for acetone gas at 325 ℃. The high acetone gas sensitivity of ZnO nanoflowers can be attributed to the surface morphology. Moreover, nanoflower-like structure exhibits the fast response and recovery.

Defect-controlled growth of ZnO nanostructures using its different zinc precursors and their application for effective photodegradation

Rajendra C. Pawar,김형섭,이선영 한국물리학회 2014 Current Applied Physics Vol.14 No.4

Various zinc precursors, such as zinc acetate, zinc nitrate, zinc sulfate, and zinc chloride, have been used to control the formation of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures onto aluminum substrate by chemical means. FESEM images of the ZnO nanostructures showed the formation of different morphologies, such as flakes, nanowalls, nanopetals, and nanodisks, when the nanostructures were synthesized using zinc acetate, zinc nitrate, zinc sulfate, and zinc chloride precursors, respectively. The TEM image of disk-like ZnO nanostructures formed using zinc chloride as a precursor revealed hexagonally shaped particles with an average diameter of 0.5 mm. Room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra revealed a large quantity of surface oxygen defects in ZnO nanodisks grown from zinc chloride compared with those using other precursors. Furthermore, the ZnO nanostructures were evaluated for photocatalytic activity under ultraviolet (UV) light illumination. Nanostructures having a disk-like shape exhibited the highest photocatalytic performance (k ¼ 0.027 min1) for all the ZnO nanostructures studied. Improved photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanodisks was attributed to their large specific surface area (4.83 m2 g1), surface oxygen defects, and super-hydrophilic nature of their surface, which is particularly suitable for dye adsorption.

Light as a Trigger and a Probe of the Internal Dynamics of Living Organisms

Rajendra Bajpai,Emilio Del Giudice,Filomena Finelli,Fritz-Albert Popp,Klauss-Peter Schlebusch,Larissa Brizhik 사단법인약침학회 2010 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.3 No.4

It has been reported that the colors perceived behind closed eyes provide an indication of the psychophysical state of a subject. We discuss this phenomenon in the light of recently developed approaches to living organisms, based on the interplay between matter organization, biochemistry and electrodynamics.

Research Issues in Gear Dynamics

Rajendra Singh 대한기계학회 1993 대한기계학회 기타 간행물 Vol.1993 No.1

Effect of Nelumbo nucifera on Proliferation, Migration and Expressionof MMP-2 and MMP-9 of rSMC, A431 and MDA-MB-231

Rajendra Karki,,류동영,김동욱 한국자원식물학회 2008 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.21 No.1

Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (family Nymphaeaceae) has been used for summer heat syndrome ashome remedy in Japan, China and Korea. Although whole plant parts are edible, root is commonly consumed. It has been reported that rhizome extract showed anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. However, in spite of usefulness for treatment of various diseases, the effect of Nelumbo nucifera rhizome (NNR) on proliferation, migration and matrix degrading enzymes-matrix metalloproteinsases (MMPs), the expression of which degrades extracellular matrix (ECM) leading to metastasis, has not been fully elucidated. We examined the effect of hot water extract of NNR on the proliferation, migration and secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in rat smooth muscle cells (rSMC), epidermoid cancer cells (A431) and breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). The proliferation assay was carried out using MTT assay, the principle of which depends upon the conversion of MTT by mitochondrial dehydrogensases of viable cells to formazan crystals. The effect of NNR on migration of cells was examined using wound healing assay. Our results showed that there was inhibition in the proliferation, migration and expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in dose dependent fashion in all the cells used. Thus, we concluded that NNR could be used as traditional medicine in the treatment of various diseases where proliferation, migration and MMPs’expression plays a pathological role like in restenosis and metastasis.