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Efficient Hierarchical Clustering Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks
Rais Amine,Bouragba Khalid,Ouzzif Mohammed 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.9 No.9
The routing protocol allows routing data from source to destination through intermediate nodes up to the sink. In the hierarchical routing based on the clustering, every cluster head node forms its cluster with their neighbor nodes. The cluster heads are responsible of their clusters. In fact, they coordinate between nodes in the cluster for intra-cluster communication and route data to the other clusters for inter-cluster communication. In this article we propose a centralized and periodic protocol named Efficient Clustering Routing Protocol (ECRP). Our protocol is based on a modified version of CLARANS algorithm; it takes into account the location and the remaining energy of the sensor nodes to divide the sensed area to disjoint and balanced clusters. The simulation results show that the proposed protocol is more efficient than the existing hierarchical protocols in terms of packet delivery ratio, and energy consumption.
System of mixed variational inequalities in reflexive Banach spaces
Rais Ahmad,Farhat Usman 한국전산응용수학회 2009 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.27 No.3
In this paper, we introduce and study a system of mixed vari- ational inequalities in Banach spaces. By using J-proximal mapping and its Lipschitz continuity for a nonconvex, lower semicontinuous, subdifferen- tiable, proper functional, an iterative algorithm for computing the approx- imate solutions of system of mixed variational inequalities is suggested and analyzed. The convergence criteria of the iterative sequences generated by iterative algorithm is also discussed. In this paper, we introduce and study a system of mixed vari- ational inequalities in Banach spaces. By using J-proximal mapping and its Lipschitz continuity for a nonconvex, lower semicontinuous, subdifferen- tiable, proper functional, an iterative algorithm for computing the approx- imate solutions of system of mixed variational inequalities is suggested and analyzed. The convergence criteria of the iterative sequences generated by iterative algorithm is also discussed.
Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies of Brilliant Green Adsorption onto Carbon/Iron Oxide Nanocomposite
Ahmad, Rais,Kumar, Rajeev Korean Chemical Society 2010 대한화학회지 Vol.54 No.1
본 연구에서는 수용액 중에서 유해한 brilliant green (BG) 제거를 위한 탄소와 산화철 나노복합재료의 흡착특성을 살펴보았다. 탄소와 산화철 나노복합재료는 화학침전법과 $750^{\circ}C$에서 질산 철과 탄소를 열처리 함으로서 합성하였다. 그 생성물은 TEM, XRD, 그리고 TGA를 이용하여 확인하였다. 나노복합재료에 대한 BG의 흡착 연구는 열역학적 인자와 반응속도론적인자들을 이용하여 수행하였다. 흡착 속도식은 준 이차 속도식이 준 일차 속도식에 비해 잘 들어맞는다고 보여준다. 실험 결과는 Langmuir 과 Freundlich 흡착 등온선을 이용하여 분석하였다. 평형 데이터는 Langmuir모델에 잘 들어맞으며 최대 단일 층 흡착 용량 64.1 mg/g 을 갖는다. 열역학적 인자들은 나노복합재료에 BG의 흡착 으로부터 유도하며 흡착은 자발적이며 흡열 과정임을 확인하였다. In the present work, we have investigated the adsorption efficiency of carbon/iron oxide nanocomposite towards removal of hazardous brilliant green (BG) from aqueous solutions. Carbon/iron oxide nanocomposite was prepared by chemical precipitation and thermal treatment of carbon with ferric nitrate at $750^{\circ}C$. The resulting material was thoroughly characterized by TEM, XRD and TGA. The adsorption studies of BG onto nanocomposite were performed using kinetic and thermodynamic parameters. The adsorption kinetics shows that pseudo-second-order rate equation was fitted better than pseudo-first-order rate equation. The experimental data were analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. Equilibrium data was fitted well to the Langmuir model with maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 64.1 mg/g. The thermodynamic parameters were also deduced for the adsorption of BG onto nanocomposite and the adsorption was found to be spontaneous and endothermic.
SYSTEM OF MIXED VARIATIONAL INEQUALITIES IN REFLEXIVE BANACH SPACES
Ahmad, Rais,Usman, Farhat The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2009 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.27 No.3
In this paper, we introduce and study a system of mixed variational inequalities in Banach spaces. By using J-proximal mapping and its Lipschitz continuity for a nonconvex, lower semicontinuous, subdifferentiable, proper functional, an iterative algorithm for computing the approximate solutions of system of mixed variational inequalities is suggested and analyzed. The convergence criteria of the iterative sequences generated by iterative algorithm is also discussed.
Ahmad Rais,Iqbal Javid,Ahmed Shakeel,Husain Saddam 경남대학교 기초과학연구소 2019 Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications Vol.24 No.3
In this paper, we consider a variational inclusion problem involving XOR-operation with its resolvent equation problem involving XOR-operation. We suggest separate iterative algorithms for solving both the problems. The existence and convergence results are proved for variational inclusion problem and for corresponding resolvent equation problem in ordered Hilbert spaces. We claim that results of this paper are new and refinement of previously known results.
On Semiprime Rings with Generalized Derivations
Khan, Mohd Rais,Hasnain, Mohammad Mueenul Department of Mathematics 2013 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.53 No.4
In this paper, we investigate the commutativity of a semiprime ring R admitting a generalized derivation F with associated derivation D satisfying any one of the properties: (i) $F(x){\circ}D(y)=[x,y]$, (ii) $D(x){\circ}F(y)=F[x,y]$, (iii) $D(x){\circ}F(y)=xy$, (iv) $F(x{\circ}y)=[F(x) y]+[D(y),x]$, and (v) $F[x,y]=F(x){\circ}y-D(y){\circ}x$ for all x, y in some appropriate subsets of R.
Rizwana Kousar,Syed Imran Rais,Abdul Mansoor,Khalid Zaman,Syed Tahir Hussain Shah,Shakira Ejaz 한국유통과학회 2019 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.6 No.1
The objective of the study is to examine the impact of financial development and foreign remittances on poverty and income inequality in the context of Pakistan. The study used ARDL-Bounds testing approach for robust inferences. The results show that in the short-run, remittances increases poverty and income inequality, which further translated into its long-run impact. The result confirmed the inverted Ushaped relationship between per capita income and income inequality, while the second order coefficient of per capita income substantially decline poverty incidence in a country. In the long-run, the results disappeared and it’s turned into U-shaped relationship between income inequality and country’s per capita income. Education largely decreases income inequality both in the short and long-run, however, it increases poverty in the long-run. Unemployment rate substantially damaged the pro-poor growth scenario, as high unemployment rate increases both the poverty rates and income inequality, which suffered poor more than non-poor in a country. Financial development has a positive impact on poverty reduction and income inequality in the short-run. The impact of income inequality on poverty incidence is positive both in the short- and long-run, which need pro-poor growth policies and rationale income distribution in a country.
“THE STUDY OF MOBILE PAYMENT ON INDONESIAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM”
Fitri Aprilianty,Irfan Rais 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2020 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2020 No.11
The object of this study is to analyse the intention to use mobile payment in transportation system through four dimensions which is cashless Characteristics, Individual Differences, Adoption Readiness and Perceived Credibility Risk. 1080 respondent data gathered by the survey method and analysed by SEM-PLS. The study shows that the main reason for the society to use mobile payment in transportation systems are the facilitating conditions and perceived usefulness. While the perceived usefulness is significantly affected by the compatibility and convenience. It brings a big impact toward the increasing use of mobile payment if the company focused on that variables for markets their products. Furthermore, the facilitating conditions can be increased by adding more infrastructure and more effective, integrated, and efficient system to also increase the convenience and compatibility of using the mobile payment. Perceived Usefulness also can be increased by adding more promotion, discount, and partnering merchants that can be used through mobile payment. This study can assist the business owner what to focus their business model to efficiently exert appropriate investment and effort in the transportation system.
Ahmad, Iqbal,Ahmad, Rais,Iqbal, Javid The Kangwon-Kyungki Mathematical Society 2016 한국수학논문집 Vol.24 No.2
The resolvent operator approach of [2] is applied to solve a set-valued variational inclusion problem in ordered Hilbert spaces. The resolvent operator under consideration is called relaxed resolvent operator and we demonstrate some of its properties. To obtain the solution of a set-valued variational inclusion problem, an iterative algorithm is developed and weak-RRD set-valued mapping is used. The problem as well as main result of this paper are more general than many previous problems and results available in the literature.
Rafik Rajjak Shaikh,Rais Ahmad Khan,Ali Alsalme 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.64 No.-
Using a rare-earth metal-based catalytic system, methyl oleate has been transformed into corresponding keto-derivatives via a Meinwald rearrangement of epoxidized methyl oleate (EMO). YCl3 efficiently carried out ring-opening of EMO under solvent-free conditions within a short reaction time. Only 3 wt% of YCl3 is enough to deliver selectively keto-products in excellent yields without requiring any column purifications. Also, this catalytic approach is very effective with a representative set of biobased unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Overall, this effective synthesis of keto-derivatives promises novel materials with high biobased content and is very useful for industries of today and the future.