Essential role of p53 in TPEN-induced neuronal apoptosis

Ra, H.,Kim, H.L.,Lee, H.W.,Kim, Y.H. North-Holland Pub ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2009 FEBS letters Vol.583 No.9

Depletion of intracellular zinc with N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN) induces protein synthesis-dependent apoptosis. In this study, we examined the requirement for p53 as an upstream transcription factor in TPEN-induced neuronal apoptosis. Chemical or genetic blockade of p53 markedly attenuated TPEN-induced neuronal apoptosis, while the stability and activity of p53 were increased by TPEN. In addition, expression of proapoptotic genes, PUMA and NOXA, and activation of caspase-11 were increased by TPEN in a p53-dependent manner. Inhibition of p53 blocked cytochrome C release from mitochondria to cytosol and prevented caspase-3 activation. Therefore, p53 may be an essential regulatory factor for TPEN-induced neuronal apoptosis.

유입과정에서 나타나는 이주여성의 인권 실태 및 법·제도적 문제점

소라미 이화여자대학교 한국여성연구원 2007 한국여성연구원 30주년기념 국제학술대회 : 지구지역 시대 지식생산과 여성연구의 도전 Vol.2007 No.

Can Bergmann’s Rule and the Thermal Melanism Hypothesis explain the variation in colour and size observed in the wild bee Eoanthidium insulare (Apoidea: Megachilidae) across its Palaearctic range?

Kasparek Max,Ivgin Tunca Rahşan,Özgül Okan 한국응용곤충학회 2024 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.27 No.1

To analyse geographic variation patterns and assess the applicability of biogeographical rules in insects, the West Palaearctic anthidiine bee Eoanthidium insulare serves as an excellent model. This species showcases a highly variable black-and-yellow colour pattern, with a distribution spanning over 4400 km from the Adriatic Sea to the Pamir Mountains and extending over 1660 km in a south-north direction. We examined 214 specimens from all geographic regions of its distribution and identified a significant increase in both body size and the proportion of black in the integument from south to north. This phenomenon may be attributed to a more efficient exploitation of solar energy through a larger integument surface area (Bergmann’s Rule) and enhanced heat retention due to lower skin reflectance (Thermal Melanism Hypothesis). These two processes, therefore, complement each other. However, despite the cooler climates at higher altitudes, we found no correlations between body size and alti tude. Furthermore, while we observed an increase in the proportion of black in the integument from east to west, there was no significant increase in body size. Notably, no correlation between body size and body colouration was identified, suggesting that size and colour adaptation are independent processes. Given that the various colour and size patterns were identified as clinal rather than discontinuous, and the intraspecific genetic distance across the distribution area was remarkably low (0.00138), featuring only four distinct haplotypes of the mitochondrial COI region DNA sequence, we suggest that the subspecies E. i. persicolum and E. i. lemesium be regarded as synonymous with the nominate subspecies (syn. nov.). These findings suggest that, although Berg mann’s Rule and the Thermal Melanism Hypothesis can account for certain aspects of geographic variation in the body size and colouration of E. insulare, their effects may be influenced or superimposed by factors such as genetic constitution.

NAADP-mediated Ca ²⁺ signaling promotes autophagy and protects against LPS-induced liver injury

Rah, So-Young,Lee, Young-Hoon,Kim, Uh-Hyun Federation of American Societies for Experimental 2017 The FASEB Journal Vol.31 No.7

<P>LPS has been shown to induce hepatocyte autophagy, but little is known about how LPS is able to do this during acute toxic liver injury. Our aim was to determine the existence of any selective Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> signaling coupling to hepatocyte autophagy in response to LPS. LPS increased the autophagic process in hepatocytes, and CD38 knockdown prevented this response. Ned19, a specific inhibitor for nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), prevented LPS-mediated Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> signaling and autophagosome formation in hepatocytes. CD38 overexpression protected the liver from LPS/<SMALL>D</SMALL>-galactosamine (GalN)-induced injury, and NAADP administration promoted autophagosome formation and protected hepatocytes from injury induced by LPS/GalN. Autophagy was promoted by the up-regulation of autophagy-related gene expression <I>via</I> NAADP-mediated Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> signaling in response to LPS. However, CD38-knockout mice displayed down-regulation in hepatocyte gene expression. Ned19 also inhibited the NAADP-stimulated induction of gene expression by inhibiting the LPS-induced nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB). Hepatocyte autophagy protects against LPS-induced liver injury <I>via</I> the CD38/NAADP/Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>/TFEB pathway. The role of NAADP-mediated Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> signaling in the autophagic process will help elucidate the complexities of autophagy regulation, which is essential toward the discovery of new therapeutic tools against acute liver injury.—Rah, S.-Y., Lee, Y.-H., Kim, U.-H. NAADP-mediated Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> signaling promotes autophagy and protects against LPS-induced liver injury.</P>

가정폭력 피해자녀의 쉼터 경험이 당시 삶과 쉼터퇴소 후 삶에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구

김사라(Sa-Rah Kim),김라경(Rah-Kyung Kim) 한국가족치료학회 2021 가족과 가족치료 Vol.29 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 가정폭력 피해자의 자녀가 쉼터경험이 쉼터 당시의 삶과 쉼터 퇴소 후의 삶에 미치는 영향에 대한 의미를 심층적으로 이해하는데 있다. 연구대상자 접근의 현실적 한계를 고려하여 본 연구에서는 의도적 표집(purposive sampling) 방법을 사용하여 대상자를 모집하였다. 서울에 위치한 1개의 보호시설에 거주하였던 현재 성인이 된 6명의 가정폭력 피해 자녀를 대상으로 심층면접을 실시하였다. 내러티브 탐구방법을 적용하여 분석한 결과 2개의 범주(쉼터에서의 생활, 쉼터 퇴소 후 생활)와, 9개의 하위범주, 28개의 의미단위가 도출되었다. 쉼터에서의 생활이 당시 삶에 미치는 영향에 관한 분석결과는 ‘생명이 위협받는 삶에서 벗어남’, ‘폭력 바로 바라보기’, ‘새로운 삶이 열리는 공간’, ‘인생의 든든한 지원군이 있는 곳’인 4개의 하위범주가 도출되었다. 쉼터 퇴소 후 생활에 미치는 영향에 대한 분석 결과는 ‘노력하면 달라진다는 희망’, ‘마음의 치유’, ‘나를 위한 주체적인 삶’, ‘타인과 심리적 거리두기’, ‘지워지지 않는 흔적’인 5가지 하위범주가 도출되었다. 본 연구는 가정폭력 피해가정에 대한 개입 방안에 필요한 기초적인 정보와 자료를 제공하고, 가정폭력 피해자녀들의 외상사건에 대한 회복을 위한 쉼터의 역할에 대한 탐색을 시도하였다는데 의의가 있다. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to gain an in-depth understanding of the effect on the children of domestic violence victims’ life experience in shelters, both at the time of the shelter experience and after leaving the shelter. Methods: Using the purpose sampling method, in-depth interviews were conducted on six children who are currently adults who lived in one shelter located in Seoul. Results: Applying the narrative inquiry method, two categories, nine subcategories, and 28 semantic units were derived. Subcategories include “Getting out of life threatened,” “Looking at violence right away,” “A space where a new life opens,” “Where there is a strong supporter of life.”, “Hope that effort will change,” “Healing of the mind,” “Independent life for me,” “Psychological distancing from others,” and “Traces that cannot be erased.” Conclusions: This study provided basic information and data necessary for intervention measures for families affected by domestic violence and attempted to explore the role of shelters for the recovery of victims of domestic violence in trauma cases.

베이비부머세대 은퇴에 따른 지역사회 노인복지관의 역할

김사라(Sa rah Kim),김라경(Rah-Kyung Kim) 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2018 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.8 No.8

본 연구는 베이비부머세대의 은퇴에 따른 노후생활에 대한 준비와 삶에 태도 그리고 이에 따른 지역사회노인복지관의 역할을 알아보기 위함이다. 연구결과, 베이비부머세대는 ‘누구에게도 기대지 않음’, ‘내 삶은 내가 책임짐’, ‘지금까지 삶을 인정받고 싶음’과 같은 노후생활에 대한 욕구를 보였다. 베이비부머세대는 지금까지의 나의 삶은 ‘내가 스스로 개척한 것’이라는 자부심이 있었으며 ‘많은 역할과 책임감을 감당한 삶’으로 표현하였다. 이들의 은퇴 후 삶 역시 사회나 가족으로부터 도움을 받기 보다는 자신도 사회의 책임 있는 구성원으로서 의미 있는 역할을 하고 싶다는 생각을 하고 있다. 베이비부머세대가 지역사회 및 노인복지관에 적극적으로 참여할 수 있도록 하기 위해서 다음과 같은 지원이 필요하다. 첫째, 베이비부머세대들이 복지관에 대한 심리적 접근성을 높일 수 있도록 복지관에 대한 인식 개선이 필요하다. 둘째, 베이비부머세대들이 자원봉사와 같은 활동을 통해 자신의 전문성을 지역사회에 기여하고 건강한 노후생활을 영위할 수 있도록 해야 한다. 셋째, 베이비부머세대들이 은퇴 후에도 그들의 경제적 활동을 보장을 위한 일자리 창출 등이 요구된다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the preparation of life expectancy according to the retirement needs of the baby boomer generation, the attitude toward life and the role of community welfare centers in the community. As a result of the study, the baby boomer generation showed a desire for old age life such as I do not expect anyone , my life is responsible , and I want to be recognized for life so far . The baby boomer eneration has expressed pride that my life so far has been my own pioneering and life with many roles and responsibilities . After their retirement, they want to play a meaningful role as responsible members of society rather than getting help from society or family.In order for the baby boomer generation to actively participate in community and elderly welfare centers, the following support is needed. First, it is necessary to improve the awareness of the welfare center so that the baby boomers generation can improve the psychological access to the welfare center. Second, it is necessary for the generation of the baby boomers to contribute their expertise to the community through activities such as volunteering and to lead a healthy old age. Third, it is necessary for the generation of baby boomers to create jobs to guarantee their economic activities even after retirement.

Un estudio sobre Sancho Panza como el picaro en el Quijote

Rah,In-Ja 대구효성가톨릭 대학교 1983 연구논문집 Vol.27 No.1

「돈키호테」는 스페인이 낳은 세계적 문호 세르반테스의 필생의 대작으로, 스페인 문학의 최고봉일뿐 아니라 세계문학의 보물이기도 하다. 고통스럽고 험난했던 세르반테스의 생애가 이 한권의 책 구석구석에 잘 나타나 있다. 가장 우리의 마음을 사로 잡는것은 두 주인공-돈키호테와 산초-의 성격묘사이다. 두 사람이 교환하는 우스꽝스러운 대화 하나하나가 두 사람의 성격을 잘 타나내 주고 있다. 흔히 돈키호테를 이상주의자의 전형으로, 산초를 현실주의자 내지는 물질주의자의 전형이라고 말한다. 세르반테스는 이 책 속에서 이 두 세계-이상주의와 현실주의-를 놀랍고도 독특한 방법으로 상호 합리되고 보완되게 함으로써 이 책의 깊이를 한층 더해주고 있다 본 논문에서는 산초의 여러 인간적인 면 중에서 "惡人"으로서의 면모를 추려 연구해 보았다. 惡人(p?caro)는 16세기 중반에 스페인에서 나타난 소설의 한 형태인 "악자소설"에 나오는 주인공을 일컫는 말로, 일정한 직업이 없이 떠돌이 생활을 하며 불규칙하게 삶을 영위해가는 사회 저변에서 출생한 사람이다. 산초는 원래 만차지방의 농군으로서 겁이 많고 욕심이 많으며 또한 단순한 사람이었다. 돈키호테가 섬의 영주를 시켜준다는 꼬임에 빠져 그의 종자가 될 것을 결심하고, 가족을 버리고 그를 따라 나선다. 돈키호테와 같이 생활하면서 여러 예기치 않던 사건에 부딪치게 되자, 단순하고 겁많던 산초가 아주 교묘하게 돈키호테를 속이는 자염ㄴ들이 여러 번 나타난다. 무식하고 단순한 산초가 어쩌면 그렇게 말을 잘 꾸며대고 앞뒤가 정연하게 대화를 이꺼 어가는지 돈키호테는 그만 산초의 말을 그대로 믿어버린고 만다. 특히 마을의 한 아낙네를 돈키호테가 사모하는 둘씨네아공주로 둔갑시키는 장면은 산초가 기지에 찬 돈키호테인지, 돈키호테가 단순한 산초인지 구별하기 힘든 정도이다. 그러나 산초는 여러 차례의 경험끝에, 다시 본래의 자기 위치로 돌아와 자기 주인을 섬기게 된다. 세르반테스는 산초의 정신세계를 서두름없이 궤도에서 벗어나지 않게 묘사하고 있다. 얽히고설킨 그의 마음의 행로는 흡사 우리 현실 그것과 똑같다. 즉 산초는 人間인 것이다. 우리 누구도 산초처럼 가슴 속에 이상의 섬을 가질 수 있고, 그 섬을 향해 나아가다가 때로는 惡人의 경지에 빠질 때도 있는 것이다.

Protection of Rabbit Kidney from Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Green Tea Polyphenol Pretreatment

Rah, Dong-Kyun,Han, Dong-Wook,Baek, Hyun-Sook,Hyon, Suong-Hyu,Park, Beyoung-Yun,Park, Jong-Chul 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.11

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of renal injury after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Recently, green tea polyphenols (GTP) have been found to protect the myocardium and liver against I/R injury. Less attention, however, has been paid to the protective effects of GTP with respect to the kidneys. This study was designed to determine whether GTP could protect renal cells from ischemic injury. The rabbits were divided into three groups of equal size: control (sham-operated), I/R + vehicle (normal saline) and I/R + GTP groups. Each group consisted of six rabbits. Animals underwent 30, 60, 90 and 120 min of ischemia, followed by 24 h of reperfusion, respectively. GTP $(200{\mu}g/kg)$ or the vehicle was administered 45 min prior to commencement of I/R. The results demonstrated that GTP administration resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) reduction of renal damage after 90 min of ischemia, as indicated by the decreased levels of creatinine and urea nitrogen in serum. These results were confirmed by histological examinations, which showed that GTP pretreatment inhibited necrosis and sloughing of the proximal tubules induced by I/R. Examinations also showed decreased necrotic areas in the medulla and decreased glomerular collapse in the I/R-injured rabbits. Moreover, the infiltration of $CD8^+$ T cells was considerably decreased in GTP-treated kidneys. The results of this study suggest that GTP can reduce renal injury by preventing the oxidative stress dependent on I/R and may be used in renal transplantation as an antioxidant.

CD38/ADP-ribose/TRPM2-mediated nuclear Ca2+ signaling is essential for hepatic gluconeogenesis in fasting and diabetes

Rah So-Young,Joe Yeonsoo,Park Jeongmin,Ryter Stefan W.,Park Chansu,Chung Hun Taeg,Kim Uh-Hyun 생화학분자생물학회 2023 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.55 No.-

Hepatic glucose production by glucagon is crucial for glucose homeostasis during fasting, yet the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely delineated. Although CD38 has been detected in the nucleus, its function in this compartment is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that nuclear CD38 (nCD38) controls glucagon-induced gluconeogenesis in primary hepatocytes and liver in a manner distinct from CD38 occurring in the cytoplasm and lysosomal compartments. We found that the localization of CD38 in the nucleus is required for glucose production by glucagon and that nCD38 activation requires NAD+ supplied by PKCδ-phosphorylated connexin 43. In fasting and diabetes, nCD38 promotes sustained Ca2+ signals via transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) activation by ADP-ribose, which enhances the transcription of glucose-6 phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1. These findings shed light on the role of nCD38 in glucagon-induced gluconeogenesis and provide insight into nuclear Ca2+ signals that mediate the transcription of key genes in gluconeogenesis under physiological conditions.

Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR 677C>T) and thymidylate synthase (TSER and TS 1494del6) polymorphisms with premature ovarian failure in Korean women

Rah, HyungChul,Jeon, Young Joo,Choi, Youngsok,Shim, Sung Han,Yoon, Tae Ki,Choi, Dong Hee,Cha, Sun Hee,Kim, Nam Keun The North American Menopause Society 2012 Menopause Vol.19 No.11

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to investigate whether methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene variant (MTHFR 677C>T) and thymidylate synthase (TS) gene variants (TS enhancer region [TSER] and TS 1494del6) confer a risk for premature ovarian failure (POF). METHODS: We genotyped 136 POF patients and 236 controls among Korean women for the three single nucleotide polymorphism sites using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Differences in the MTHFR 677C>T, TSER, and TS 1494del6 genotype frequencies between POF patients and controls were compared, and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were determined as a measure of the strength of the association between genotypes and POF. RESULTS: The MTHFR 677CT and CT + TT variant genotypes were more frequent in POF patients than in controls (OR, 2.249; 95% CI, 1.317-3.843; and OR, 2.132; 95% CI, 1.268-3.585, respectively). The combined genotype frequencies of MTHFR 677CT + TT/TSER 3R3R and 677CT + TT/TS 1494del6 del6/del6 were higher in patients than in controls (OR, 2.300; 95% CI, 1.219-4.337; and OR, 3.314; 95% CI, 1.623-6.767, respectively). The T-3R-del6 and T-2R-del6 (MTHFR 677C>T/TSER/TS 1494del6) haplotypes were more frequent in patients (OR, 1.450; 95% CI, 1.050-2.002; and OR, 2.911; 95% CI, 1.191-7.117, respectively), whereas the C-2R-del6 haplotype was less frequent in patients (OR, 0.372; 95% CI, 0.152-0.912). The T-del6 (MTHFR 677/TS 1494del6) haplotype frequency was higher among patients (OR, 1.653; 95% CI, 1.206-2.266), whereas the C-del6 haplotype frequency was lower among patients (OR, 0.700; 95% CI, 0.516-0.950). We did not find an association between TSER or TS 1494del6 polymorphisms and POF. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the MTHFR 677T allele may increase the risk for POF, which could lead to the development of novel genetic markers for predicting the risk of POF in patients.