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Raghavan Vidya,Habib Tafazal,Fathi Salem,Fahad Mujtaba Iqbal,Tapan Sircar 대한성형외과학회 2018 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.45 No.2
Subpectoral breast reconstruction using implants and meshes have been used widely in Europe, the United States and the United Kingdom. Although this technique has several advantages, animation deformity is a well-documented problem. We propose a new grading system to classify breast animation in patients undergoing subpectoral implant based breast reconstruction. We also discuss different techniques to avoid and correct animation deformity.
Raghavan, C.M.,Kim, J.W.,Song, T.K.,Kim, S.S. Pergamon Press 2016 Materials research bulletin Vol.74 No.-
<P>The structural, electrical and ferroelectric properties of a Mn-doped BiFe0.95Mn0.05O3 (BFMO) thin film grown on a (0 0 l) textured Ge-doped ZnO (GZO)/Si(1 0 0) substrate are reported. The GZO served as a buffer layer for improving the.grain growth and the crystallization of the BFMO thin film. Predominantly, the GZO layer, which promotes the grain growth of the (l 0 0) textured BFMO thin film, was utilized as both top and bottom electrodes to assess the electrical and the ferroelectric properties of the BFMO thin film. A study of the electrical properties revealed a low leakage current density (4.95 x 10(-6) A/cm(2) at 100 kV/cm) and a large stability against electrical breakdown for the GZO/BFMO/GZO capacitor. The ferroelectric study determined a large value for the remnant polarization (2P(r)), 78.37 mu C/cm(2), at an applied electric field of 895 kV/cm for the GZO/BFMO/GZO capacitor. Furthermore, the GZO/BFMO/GZO capacitor showed stable polarization switching even after 1.44 x 10(10) electrical cycles. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
Raghavan, Chinnambedu Murugesan,Kim, Jin Won,Song, Tae Kwon,Kim, Sang Su Elsevier 2015 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE - Vol.355 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Pure Na<SUB>0.5</SUB>Bi<SUB>4.5</SUB>Ti<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>15</SUB> and rare earth-doped Na<SUB>0.5</SUB>Bi<SUB>4</SUB> <I>RE</I> <SUB>0.5</SUB>Ti<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>15</SUB> (<I>RE</I> =Ce, Pr, and Tb) thin films were prepared on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO<SUB>2</SUB>/Si(100) substrates by using a chemical solution deposition method. X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering spectroscopy studies revealed that the thin films are crystallized in a single-phase Aurivillius structure with no additional phases. The rare earth-doped Na<SUB>0.5</SUB>Bi<SUB>4</SUB> <I>RE</I> <SUB>0.5</SUB>Ti<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>15</SUB> thin films exhibited improved electrical and ferroelectric properties. Among the studied rare earth metal ions, the Tb<SUP>3+</SUP> ion leads to a remarkable improvement in the ferroelectric properties. The use of the Tb<SUP>3+</SUP> ion for doping resulted in a well-saturated ferroelectric hysteresis loop with a large remnant polarization (2<I>P</I> <SUB> <I>r</I> </SUB>) of 40μC/cm<SUP>2</SUP> and a low coercive electric field (2<I>E</I> <SUB> <I>c</I> </SUB>) of 176kV/cm, measured at an applied electric field of 475kV in the Na<SUB>0.5</SUB>Bi<SUB>4</SUB>Tb<SUB>0.5</SUB>Ti<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>15</SUB> thin film. Furthermore, the leakage current density of the Na<SUB>0.5</SUB>Bi<SUB>4</SUB>Tb<SUB>0.5</SUB>Ti<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>15</SUB> thin film was one order of magnitude lower than that of the Na<SUB>0.5</SUB>Bi<SUB>4.5</SUB>Ti<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>15</SUB> thin film.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Effects of rare earth (Ce, Pr and Tb) doping on Na<SUB>0.5</SUB>Bi<SUB>4.5</SUB>Ti<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>15</SUB> thin films. </LI> <LI> Microstructural, electrical and ferroelectric properties of the thin films were investigated. </LI> <LI> Tb-doped Na<SUB>0.5</SUB>Bi<SUB>4.5</SUB>Ti<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>15</SUB> thin film showed rationally improved electrical and ferroelectric properties. </LI> </UL> </P>
Antidepressant-induced Burning Mouth Syndrome - A Unique Case
Raghavan, Shubhasini Attavar,Puttaswamiah, Rajiv Nidasale,Birur, Praveen N.,Ramaswamy, Bhanushree,Sunny, Sumsum P. The Korean Pain Society 2014 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.27 No.3
Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is defined as a chronic orofacial pain syndrome, without evidence of mucosal lesions and other clinical signs of disease or laboratory abnormalities. Patients with BMS complain of burning pain in the mouth, xerostomia and taste disturbances. It is more common among women and the median age of occurrence is about 60 years. BMS may be primary or secondary to other diseases. The mainstay in the treatment of BMS includes antidepressants, benzodiazepines, and anticonvulsants. A few cases of BMS caused due to medication have been reported. The causative drugs include angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, anticoagulants, antipsychotics, antiretrovirals, and benzodiazepines. This is a case report of a patient on antidepressants who developed symptoms of BMS thereby causing a dilemma in management.
Raghavan, C.M.,Kim, E.S.,Kim, J.W.,Kim, S.S. Elsevier 2013 Ceramics international Vol.39 No.6
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Pure BiFeO<SUB>3</SUB> and rare earth and transition metal ions co-doped (Bi<SUB>0.9</SUB>Dy<SUB>0.1</SUB>)(Fe<SUB>0.975</SUB>TM<SUB>0.025</SUB>)O<SUB>3±δ</SUB> (TM=Ni<SUP>2+</SUP>, Cr<SUP>3+</SUP> and Ti<SUP>4+</SUP>) thin films were prepared on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO<SUB>2</SUB>/Si(100) substrates by using a chemical solution deposition method. The changes in the microstructure and the electrical properties with doping elements were investigated. The thin films were well crystallized and randomly oriented, with no detectable impurity and secondary phases. The leakage current densities were reduced and the ferroelectric properties were improved in the co-doped thin films. Among the thin films, the (Bi<SUB>0.9</SUB>Dy<SUB>0.1</SUB>)(Fe<SUB>0.975</SUB>Cr<SUB>0.025</SUB>)O<SUB>3</SUB> thin film exhibited well saturated hysteresis loops with remnant polarization (2<I>P</I> <SUB> <I>r</I> </SUB>) of 36μC/cm<SUP>2</SUP> and coercive electric field (2<I>E</I> <SUB> <I>c</I> </SUB>) of 954kV/cm at 1000kV/cm and low leakage current density of 1.91×10<SUP>−5</SUP> A/cm<SUP>2</SUP> at 100kV/cm. The enhanced properties observed in the co-doped thin films could be considered as being the result of the suppression of oxygen vacancies and of the modified microstructure.</P>