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Utilization of woody pruning residues of apple trees
Najibeh Gilanipoor,Rafaele Spinelli,Ramin Naghdi,Akbar Najafi 한국산림과학회 2020 Forest Science And Technology Vol.16 No.4
Utilize agricultural residues from pruning brings many advantages including employment, social and economic benefit, rural development, natural forest protection, increased energy efficiency, and lower costs of raw material for the production of particleboard industry. In this study, the use of wood utilization of pruning residues from apple trees has been investi�gated by using chipping at the landing chipping methods (LCMs) and farm chipping meth�ods (FCM). These methods were conducted on seven farms, totaling 9.2 ha. A time study was used to estimate operation time and cost. Transportation of chips from the study area to factories was done with semi-trailers, trucks, and pickup trucks. The residue yield was between 1.8 and 2.0 green ton per hectare. The maximum time was related to chipping and the collection of residues and the most delay was mechanical. The residues were collected, chipped, and transported to the particleboard factory at a cost between US$10.18 and US$19.46 per ton, and the profit rate between US$15.5 and US$24.8 per ton depending on chipping methods and secondary transport system. Cost and the total time of LCM were lower than the FCM, and also production rate of LCM was higher than the FCM; therefore, this method was more effective in processing residues from apple trees. Regression techni�ques showed that in LCM, the effect of diameter and age was significant on residue process�ing time and in FCM, the effect of diameter, age, residue density, and functional the area was significant in residue processing time.
Al filo de Guillermo Samperio: un escritor inclasificable
( Rafael Pontes Velasco ) 고려대학교 스페인·라틴아메리카연구소 2008 스페인라틴아메리카연구 Vol.1 No.-
El proposito de este articulo reside en una doble vertiente de difusion y analisis. Por una parte, presentaremos a Guillermo Samperio, uno de los escritores mexicanos de mayor trascendencia y posibilidades de perduracion en la literatura latinoamericana contemporanea. Por otra, trazaremos pinceladas criticas sobre su obra, una de las mas arriesgadas en el aspecto formal e innovadoras en cuanto a tematica de los ultimos tiempos, desde una perspectiva cronologica y desde diferentes generos literarios. Asumiremos para ello una metodologia que combine el rigor filologico con la aceptacion de las dificultades implicitas que supone abordar lo inclasificable de una apuesta unica y en continuo crecimiento, con la conviccion de que la indudable calidad de la creacion de Samperio merece un puesto destacado y memorable en la historia literaria de nuestra era. El presente estudio abarcara desde el primer libro de cuentos de nuestro autor, Cuando el tacto toma la palabra (1974), hasta el ultimohasta la fecha, La guerra oculta (2008), revisando el resto de titulos significativos de una amplia trayectoria en narrativa, lirica y ensayistica. Dada la versatil y ya extensa bibliografia samperiana, procuraremos aportar una vision global de una propuesta tan brillante en la escritura de largo aliento como maestra y definitoria en los marcos de la ficcion breve. Bienvenidos al fascinante mundo de Guillermo Samperio, del que resulta tan accesible su entrada como imposible su salida.
Un nuevo clasicismo: Felipe Benitez Reyes
( Rafael Morales Barba ) 한국스페인어문학회 2006 스페인어문학 Vol.0 No.41
Felipe Benitez Reyes(Rota, 1960) es uno de los poetas neorrealistas mas importantes de la poesia espanola actual. Caracterizado por un fuerte esteticismo y una gran sensibilidad plastica su evolucion ha transitado desde los ecos clasicistas del barroco sevillano y de la poesia elegante y frivola de Manuel Machado, a una poesia honda donde todo esta presidido por el paso del tempo.
Rafael D az 장전수학회 2013 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.23 No.1
We introduce the PWP method for counting indirect influences, and compare it with three well-known methods, namely, MICMAC, Heat Kernel, and PageRank. We provide combinatorial as well as probabilistic interpretation for the PWP method.
Rafael Scaf de Molon,Juliana Aparecida Najarro Dearo Morais-Camillo,Celso Eduardo Sakakura,Mauricio Goncalves Ferreira,Leonor Castro Monteiro Loffredo,Gulnara Scaf 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2012 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.42 No.4
Purpose: This study was performed to compare the inverted digital images and film-based images of dry pig mandibles to measure the periodontal bone defect depth. Materials and Methods: Forty 2-wall bone defects were made in the proximal region of the premolar in the dry pig mandibles. The digital and conventional radiographs were taken using a Schick sensor and Kodak F-speed intraoral film. Image manipulation (inversion) was performed using Adobe Photoshop 7.0 software. Four trained examiners made all of the radiographic measurements in millimeters a total of three times from the cementoenamel junction to the most apical extension of the bone loss with both types of images: inverted digital and film. The measurements were also made in dry mandibles using a periodontal probe and digital caliper. The Student’s t-test was used to compare the depth measurements obtained from the two types of images and direct visual measurement in the dry mandibles. A significance level of 0.05 for a 95% confidence interval was used for each comparison. Results: There was a significant difference between depth measurements in the inverted digital images and direct visual measurements (p¤|t|=0.0039), with means of 6.29 mm (IC95%:6.04-6.54) and 6.79 mm (IC95%:6.45-7.11), respectively. There was a non-significant difference between the film-based radiographs and direct visual measurements (p¤|t|=0.4950), with means of 6.64mm(IC95%:6.40-6.89) and 6.79mm(IC95%:6.45-7.11), respectively. Conclusion: The periodontal bone defect measurements in the inverted digital images were inferior to film-based radiographs, underestimating the amount of bone loss.
TRANSLATION AND HOMOTHETICAL SURFACES IN EUCLIDEAN SPACE WITH CONSTANT CURVATURE
Rafael L\'opez,Marilena Moruz 대한수학회 2015 대한수학회지 Vol.52 No.3
We study surfaces in Euclidean space which are obtained as the sum of two curves or that are graphs of the product of two functions. We consider the problem of finding all these surfaces with constant Gauss curvature. We extend the results to non-degenerate surfaces in Lorentz- Minkowski space.
Rafael Eduardo Hernández-Guisao,Aranda-Barradas Juan Silvestre,Badillo-Corona Agustín,García-Peña Elvia Inés,Salgado-Manjarrez Edgar 한국생물공학회 2022 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.27 No.5
Stoichiometric analysis is a crucial step in biochemical processes because it allows us to find the proportions in which the substrates and products react. A system of algebraic equation is obtained from an elemental balance of the participating substances and determined, overdetermined or underdetermined systems can result depending on the number of substances and elements. Underdetermined systems are the most common ones as there are, generally, more substances than elemental balances. However, such systems have been poorly studied and a straightforward way to establish the solution space has not yet been reported. In this work a novel approach for finding all the possible solutions to such underdetermined systems is reported for the first time. The solutions space is expressed as a set of vectors which are here referred as extreme stoichiometries. To illustrate the general applicability and some uses of the proposed approach, three different fermentation systems are analyzed: growth of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a mixed culture for hydrogen production, and the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is shown how the full stoichiometric spaces can be calculated for heterotrophy, autotrophy, mixotrophy, growth of mixed cultures in mixed substrates and how the experimental results should be contained in such spaces, what permits a consistency analysis. With the proposed method, it is now possible to estimate the maximum yields for any given microbial growth reaction and to assess the congruence of experimental data, even when the system is underdetermined.