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Qingxia Huang,Song Gao,Daqing Zhao,Xiangyan Li 고려인삼학회 2021 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.45 No.3
Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis and prognosis of many common disorders, including neurodegeneration, stroke, myocardial infarction, tumor, and metabolic diseases. Ginsenosides, the major bioactive constituents of Panax ginseng (P. ginseng), have been reported to play beneficial roles in the molecular pathophysiology of these diseases by targeting mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we first introduce the types of ginsenosides and basic mitochondrial functions. Then, recent findings are summarized on different ginsenosides targeting mitochondria and their key signaling pathways for the treatment of multiple diseases, including neurological disorders, cancer, heart disease, hyperglycemia, and inflammation are summarized. This review may explain the common targets of ginsenosides against multiple diseases and provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms, facilitating research on the clinical application of P. ginseng.
Qingxia Huang,Jing Li,Jinjin Chen,Zepeng Zhang,Peng Xu,Hongyu Qi,Zhaoqiang Chen,Jiaqi Liu,Jing Lu,Mengqi Shi,Yibin Zhang,Ying Ma,Daqing Zhao,Xiangyan Li The Korean Society of Ginseng 2023 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.47 No.3
Background: Ginsenoside compound K (CK), the main active metabolite in Panax ginseng, has shown good safety and bioavailability in clinical trials and exerts neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemic stroke. However, its potential role in the prevention of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of ginsenoside CK against cerebral I/R injury. Methods: We used a combination of in vitro and in vivo models, including oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion induced PC12 cell model and middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion induced rat model, to mimic I/R injury. Intracellular oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rate were analyzed by Seahorse multifunctional energy metabolism system; ATP production was detected by luciferase method. The number and size of mitochondria were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and MitoTracker probe combined with confocal laser microscopy. The potential mechanisms of ginsenoside CK on mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergy were evaluated by RNA interference, pharmacological antagonism combined with co-immunoprecipitation analysis and phenotypic analysis. Results: Ginsenoside CK pretreatment could attenuate mitochondrial translocation of DRP1, mitophagy, mitochondrial apoptosis, and neuronal bioenergy imbalance against cerebral I/R injury in both in vitro and in vivo models. Our data also confirmed that ginsenoside CK administration could reduce the binding affinity of Mul1 and Mfn2 to inhibit the ubiquitination and degradation of Mfn2, thereby elevating the protein level of Mfn2 in cerebral I/R injury. Conclusion: These data provide evidence that ginsenoside CK may be a promising therapeutic agent against cerebral I/R injury via Mul1/Mfn2 mediated mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergy.
Huang, Qingxia,Lou, Tingting,Lu, Jing,Wang, Manying,Chen, Xuenan,Xue, Linyuan,Tang, Xiaolei,Qi, Wenxiu,Zhang, Zepeng,Su, Hang,Jin, Wenqi,Jing, Chenxu,Zhao, Daqing,Sun, Liwei,Li, Xiangyan The Korean Society of Ginseng 2022 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.46 No.6
Background: Aerobic cellular respiration provides chemical energy, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), to maintain multiple cellular functions. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) can deacetylate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) to promote mitochondrial biosynthesis. Targeting energy metabolism is a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, such as cardiac and neurological disorders. Ginsenosides, one of the major bioactive constituents of Panax ginseng, have been extensively used due to their diverse beneficial effects on healthy subjects and patients with different diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of total ginsenosides (GS) on energy metabolism remain unclear. Methods: In this study, oxygen consumption rate, ATP production, mitochondrial biosynthesis, glucose metabolism, and SIRT1-PGC-1α pathways in untreated and GS-treated different cells, fly, and mouse models were investigated. Results: GS pretreatment enhanced mitochondrial respiration capacity and ATP production in aerobic respiration-dominated cardiomyocytes and neurons, and promoted tricarboxylic acid metabolism in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, GS clearly enhanced NAD<sup>+</sup>-dependent SIRT1 activation to increase mitochondrial biosynthesis in cardiomyocytes and neurons, which was completely abrogated by nicotinamide. Importantly, ginsenoside monomers, such as Rg1, Re, Rf, Rb1, Rc, Rh1, Rb2, and Rb3, were found to activate SIRT1 and promote energy metabolism. Conclusion: This study may provide new insights into the extensive application of ginseng for cardiac and neurological protection in healthy subjects and patients.
방향거리함수를 이용한 중국 성(省)별 비용효율의 측정과 분해
비청하 ( Qingxia Fei ),강상목 ( Sangmok Kang ) 현대중국학회 2017 現代中國硏究 Vol.19 No.1
중국은 최근에 놀라운 경제 성장속도로 세계의 관심을 집중시켜왔다. 그러나 중국의 경제 발전불균형과 빈부격차의 문제가 심해서 성별 경제수준차이가 극심하다. 자원 과다 낭비, 자원 비효율적인 배분, 비용의 과다 발생 등의 문제를 겪고 있다. 중국은 노동시장이 풍부하지만 지역적으로 노동을 비효율적으로 배치하고 자본스톡, 에너지 등 투입요소의 불균형적인 할당으로 인한 비용이 추가로 발생하는 등 비용 비효율이 발생되고 있다. 본 연구는 방향거리함수를 이용하여 중국 30개 성(省)별 비용효율을 측정하고 이를 기술효율과 할당효율로 분해를 시도한다. 이를 통하여 비용비효율의 주된 두 요소를 파악하고 개선이 필요한 비효율 수준을 확인한다. Recently, China`s marvelous economic growth has absorbed attention from the world. However, the gaps of economic development by provinces has been serious due to the critical disparity of economic growth and rich-poor gap. So, Chinese provinces has suffered such problems like over-waste of resources, inefficient allocation of resources, and outbreak of excessive cost. Although Chinese labor forces have been adequate, cost inefficiencies have occurred because not only labor forces but also capital stock and energy have been unreasonably allocated, which brought to additional cost. The purpose of this paper is to estimate cost efficiency of 30 Chinese poeticizes, and to decompose it into technical efficiency and allocation efficiency using direction distance function. We are going to grasp the two factors of cost inefficiency and confirm their levels to be improved.
Shen, Qingxia,Lee, Kwanghwan,Han, Seong Kyu,Ahn, Hyung-Joon,Kim, Sanguk,Lee, Jae Hoon Elsevier 2019 Clinical immunology Vol.207 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Sjogren's syndrome (SS), a chronic autoimmune disease, typically causes or involves inflammation in the salivary and lacrimal glands. Although recent genetic association studies have contributed to the discovery of SS susceptible genes, few studies have reported on the Korean population. Here, we did a genetic association study of SS in Korean patients using whole-exome sequencing data of 15 patients and 100 healthy controls. In addition to confirming previously described SS susceptibility loci <I>MSH5</I> (<I>p</I> = 1.67 × 10–5) and <I>RELN</I> (<I>p</I> = 4.91 × 10–6), we also validated <I>PRAMEF13</I> (<I>p</I> = 2.28 × 10–5), <I>TARBP1</I> (<I>p</I> = 1.87 × 10–5), <I>UGT2B28</I> (<I>p</I> = 1.33 × 10–5), <I>TRBV5-6</I> (<I>p</I> = 2.27 × 10–5) and <I>NAPB</I> (<I>p</I> = 3.73 × 10–5) as novel susceptibility loci for SS. Furthermore, we identified <I>UGT2B28</I>, <I>TARBP1</I> and <I>PRAMEF13</I> as associated with human immune function. These findings may provide useful insight into to the pathways and pathogenesis contributing to SS susceptibility in the Korean population.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Variants at potential loci associated with Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) are investigated by the study with Korean population. </LI> <LI> PRAMEF13, TARBP1, UGT2B28, TRBV5-6 and NAPB are novel SS susceptibility genes. </LI> <LI> There is an interaction effect between genetic variants and clinical manifestation of SS. </LI> </UL> </P>
저경하(Chu, Qingxia) 한국외국어대학교 역사문화연구소 2014 역사문화연구 Vol.49 No.-
義天과 宋 僧侶의 교류에 대한 연구와 대조적으로, 義天과 宋 居士의 교류에 대한 연구가 거의 없었다. 본 연구는 義天과 宋 居士 楊傑의 교류를 집중적으로 다루었다. 구체적으로 다음 세 부분으로 나눌 수 있다. 우선 義天과 楊傑의 교류에 대한 일반적인 고찰을 하였다. 여기서 義天과 楊傑이 적어도 1085년 8월부터 10월(혹은 11월)까지 東京으로부터 杭州까지 동행했던 것으로 확인되었다. 그 다음에 蘇軾의 詩 「送楊傑」을 통하여 義天과 楊傑의 관계를 살펴보았는데 특히 "两勍敌" 개념에 대한 잘못된 해석을 수정하고 義天과 楊傑은 모두 아주 깊은 불교에 대한 조예에 이르렀고 서로에 대하여 높이 평가하였다는 점을 지적하였다. 뿐만 아니라 서로에게 깊은 교류와 정확한 이해가 있었다는 것도 강조하였다. 그리고 蘇轍의 詩 「次韻」을 통하여 義天과 楊傑의 관계를 살펴보았는데 여기서 주로 "屬國"과 "戴角魚"가 누구를 가리키는지에 대하여 정확히 밝힘으로써 義天과 楊傑의 관계를 다시 확인하였다. 蘇轍은 여기서 義天과 楊傑을 같이 높이 평가하였고, 이 두 사람은 초월적인 佛敎의 높은 지경에 이르렀고 더 이상 세상의 명예욕에 구애를 받지 않는다고 극찬하였다. In contrast to studies about the exchanges between Goryeo Uicheon and Song Buddhist monk, there are hardly any studies about Uicheon and Song Jushi(confucian buddhist lay). This study focuses extensively about Goryeo Uicheon and Song Jushi Yangjie in three ways. The initial discussion confirms the encounter between Uicheon and Yangjie and the fact that they accompanied each other from Dongjing to Hangzhou during August to October (perhaps November), 1085. The following part furthermore investigates the relationship between Uicheon and Yangjie, while exploring the conventional concept of "Liangjingdi" more clearly, through the poem "Songyangjie" by SuShi. It is noted here that not only did both Uicheon and Yangjie had profound knowledge in Buddhism and held each other in high regard, but they also had clear understanding of each other in their deep intellectual exchange. Lastly, the relationship between Uicheon and Yangjie is explored through the poem "Rhyming" by SuZhe. Here the relationship is reassessed based on the distinction of who "Shuguo" and "Daijiaoyu" are. In this poem, SuZhe evaluates Uicheon and Yangjie highly and praised that both attained higher plane of transcendence in Buddhism and no longer bound by worldly fame.
On the convergence of series for rowwise sums of negatively superadditive dependent random variables
Haiwu Huang,Qingxia Zhang 대한수학회 2020 대한수학회보 Vol.57 No.3
In the paper, some probability convergence properties of series for rowwise sums of negatively superadditive dependent (NSD) random variables are discussed. We establish some sharp results on these convergence for NSD random variables under some general settings, which generalize and improve the corresponding ones of some known literatures.