Autophagy in Tumorigenesis and Cancer Treatment

Xu, Dong-Wei,Zhang, Guan-Qing,Wang, Zong-Wei,Xu, Xiao-Yin,Liu, Tong-Xiang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.6

Autophagy is a self-digestion process, wrapping cytoplasmic proteins or organelles to form vesicles for degradation in lysosomes. The process plays an important role in the maintenance of intracellular homostasis. Here we overview articles on autophagy and cancer/tumors in Pubmed and found 327 articles. Autophagy exists in many tumors and is involved in cell malignant transformation and tumor cell growth. In early phases of tumorigenesis, autophagy clears the abnormally folded proteins and dysfunctional organelles such as mitochondria. Autophagy can also inhibit cell stress responses and prevent genetic damage. When a tumor develops, autophagy helps tumor cells survive nutritional deficiencies and hypoxic conditions. Studies of autophagy in the occurrence and progression of tumors should provide new therapeutic strategies for tumors.

Adaptive ILC for Tracking Non-repetitive Reference Trajectory of 2-D FMM under Random Boundary Condition

Qing-Yuan Xu,Xiao-Dong Li,Mang-Mang Lv 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2016 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.14 No.2

Almost all of the existing research achievements in Iterative Learning Control (ILC) hitherto have beenfocused on One-Dimensional (1-D) dynamical systems. Few ILC researches are related to Two-Dimensional FornasiniMarchesina Model (2-D FMM). In this paper, an adaptive ILC approach is proposed for 2-D FMM systemwith non-repetitive reference trajectory under random boundary condition. The proposed adaptive ILC algorithmlearns the coefficient matrices of the system and updates the control input iteratively. As the times of iteration goesto infinity, the ILC tracking error outside the boundary tends to zero and all system signals keep bounded in thewhole ILC process. Illustrative examples are provided to verify the validity of the proposed adaptive ILC algorithm.

Experimental Study and Numerical Analysis on Mechanical Behavior of T-shape Stiffened Orthotropic Steel-concrete Composite Bridge Decks

Xu Jiang,Qing-Tian Su,Xu Han,Changyu Shao,Liang Chen 한국강구조학회 2017 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.17 No.3

A new-type of orthotropic steel-concrete composite bridge deck system was developed, by casting the concrete overlay on the top of the orthotropic steel deck ribbed with T-shape steel members. To study its mechanical behavior (in terms of failure mode, load-deflection relationship, concrete crack initiation and propagation, strength, stiffness and so on), two new-type orthotropic steel-concrete composite bridge decks with different section dimensions were experimentally investigated and two reference decks (reinforced concrete deck and orthotropic steel deck) were also involved in the research for comparison. For the two new-type orthotropic steel-concrete composite decks, the average value of ultimate loads per width is 885.7kN, which is 2.35 and 1.61 times of that of the concrete and steel reference decks with almost the same section height. Experimental results proved that the composite deck can effectively control the crack initiation and propagation in the concrete and postpone the yielding of the steel bars and steel plates, due to the composite action between the concrete overlay and the underlying steel plate. Furthermore, the Finite Element (FE) model of the orthotropic steel-concrete composite deck was developed and validated by test results. A parametric study is conducted regarding to the stiffness of shear studs. With the validated FE model, stress distribution in the underlying steel plate and T-shape stiffeners and development of concrete cracking in the concrete overlay were characterized at different load levels.

Transcriptional response of Methoprene-tolerant (Met) gene to three insect growth disruptors in Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)

Qing-Wei Meng,Qing-Yu Xu,Pan Deng,Kai-Yun Fu,Wen-Chao Guo,Guo-Qing Li 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.2

Some insect growth disruptors (IGDs), such as pyriproxyfen and halofenozide, may be used to control Leptinotarsa decemlineata. However, their mechanism of action remains elusive. Methoprene-tolerant (Met) mediates juvenile hormone (JH) signal to control numerous essential physiological processes. In the present paper, we identified a Met gene (LdMet). LdMet protein was a typical basic helix-loop-helix/Per-Arnt-Sim (bHLHPAS) transcription factor with a bHLH domain, two PAS domains (PAS-A and PAS-B) and a region called PAS associated C terminal (PAC). Eight conserved amino acids critical for JH binding were located in PAS-B and PAC domains. The temporal expression pattern of LdMet was in accordance with the variation of circulating JH titers. Feeding of juvenoid methoprene or pyriproxyfen, or provide for JH dose-dependently stimulated the expression of LdMet. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of two JH degradation genes increased the transcription of LdMet, while silencing of a JH biosynthesis gene repressed the transcription. Conversely, ingestion of an ecdysteroid agonist halofenozide or 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) reduced the mRNA levels of LdMet, in a dosedependent manner, whereas knockdown of either ecdysteroidogenesis or 20E signaling genes increased the mRNA accumulation. Providing that the expression of LdMet can be disturbed by methoprene, pyriproxyfen and halofenozide, LdMet may be a potential target of these IGDs in L. decemlineata larvae.

Next-generation sequencing of the mitochondrial genome of Dolichovespula panda (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) with a phylogenetic analysis of Vespidae

Xu-Lei Fan,Ya-Jun Gong,Peng-Yan Chen,Qing-Qing Tan,Jiang-Li Tan,Shu-Jun Wei 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.3

For the first time the mitochondrial genome of a Dolichovespula species, D. panda Archer (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), was sequenced with a next-generation sequencing approach. The sequenced mitochondrial genome is 17137 bp long and consists of 13 protein-coding, 22 tRNA and two rRNA genes, as well as a partial A +T-rich region. Twenty-two of the genes are encoded on the majority strand and 15 genes on the minority strand. All protein-coding genes start with ATN codons and have a TAA termination codon, except for one with a TA codon. Compared with the putative ancestral arrangement of insects, the D. panda mitochondrial genome shows the shuffling of trnN and trnE, and of trnQ and trnM, the translocation of trnY to upstream of trnI, and of trnL1 to the region between trnS2 and nad1 and a reversal of trnS1. A phylogenetic tree within the Vespidae was reconstructed using the 13 protein-coding mitochondrial genes. This shows a sister group relationship between Dolichovespula and a clade formed by Vespa and Vespula. It also corroborated the position of Eumeninae as sister group of the clade Polistinae +Vespinae.

Adaptive ILC Design for Nonlinear Discrete-time Systems With Randomly Varying Trail Lengths and Uncertain Control Directions

Qing-Yuan Xu,Jing Cheng,Yun-Shan Wei,Kai Wan 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2023 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.21 No.9

In this paper, an adaptive iterative learning control (ILC) design method is proposed for a class of nonlinear discrete-time systems with nonaffine structure, randomly varying trail length, and uncertain control direction. In order to achieve repetitive tracking control of the nonaffine structure systems with uncertain control direction, randomly varying trail length, and other uncertainties, we apply a high-order neural network to approximate the expected system input. Then, a novel adaptation law is designed for the neural network weight vector. The main feature of the method proposed in this paper is that the weight vector norm instead of the weight vector itself is updated iteratively to realize the successive approximation of the expected system input, the custom-designed identification mechanism is not necessary to deal with the uncertain control direction, and the analysis of randomly varying trail lengths problem is strictly established. The convergence of the proposed adaptive ILC is set up by a composite energy function. The effectiveness of the proposed adaptive ILC design is validated by two simulation examples.

Electrode properties of porous La2NiO4+δ layers screen-printed on a Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-δ electrolyte

Qing Xu,Bok-Hee Kim,Kai Zhao,Duan-Ping Huang,Min Chen,Hong Wang 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2009 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.10 No.2

A La2NiO4+δ/Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-δ/La2NiO4+δ symmetrical cell was prepared using a screen-printing method by sintering at 1100℃. The electrochemical properties of the cell were examined by the impedance spectroscopy technique under zero dc bias in air between 500-700℃. The La2NiO4+δ electrodes displayed satisfactory chemical and thermodynamic compatibilities with the Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-δ electrolyte. A comparatively low area specific resistance of 0.18 Ω cm2 at 700℃ was determined for the La2NiO4+δ electrodes. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation revealed that the La2NiO4+δ electrodes showed a reasonable porosity, a well-necked connection among fine grains and a tight adhesion to the electrolyte support. The desired microstructure is regarded to be responsible for the superior electrode properties of the La2NiO4+δ layers. A La2NiO4+δ/Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-δ/La2NiO4+δ symmetrical cell was prepared using a screen-printing method by sintering at 1100℃. The electrochemical properties of the cell were examined by the impedance spectroscopy technique under zero dc bias in air between 500-700℃. The La2NiO4+δ electrodes displayed satisfactory chemical and thermodynamic compatibilities with the Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-δ electrolyte. A comparatively low area specific resistance of 0.18 Ω cm2 at 700℃ was determined for the La2NiO4+δ electrodes. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation revealed that the La2NiO4+δ electrodes showed a reasonable porosity, a well-necked connection among fine grains and a tight adhesion to the electrolyte support. The desired microstructure is regarded to be responsible for the superior electrode properties of the La2NiO4+δ layers.

Luciferase Assay to Screen Tumour-specific Promoters in Lung Cancer

Xu, Rong,Guo, Long-Jiang,Xin, Jun,Li, Wen-Mao,Gao, Yan,Zheng, You-Xian,Guo, You-Hong,Lin, Yang-Jun,Xie, Yong-Hua,Wu, Ya-Qing,Xu, Rui-An Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.11

Objective: Specific promoters could improve efficiency and ensure the safety of gene therapy. The aim of our study was to screen examples for lung cancer. Methods: The firefly luciferase gene was used as a reporter, and promoters based on serum markers of lung cancer were cloned. The activity and specificity of seven promoters, comprising CEACAM5 (carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA), GRP (Gastrin-Releasing Peptide), KRT19 (cytokeratin 19, KRT), SFTPB (surfactant protein B, SP-B), SERPINB3 (Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen, SCCA), SELP (Selectin P, Granule Membrane Protein 140kDa, Antigen CD62, GMP) and DKK1 (Dickkopf-1) promoters were compared in lung cancer cells to obtain cancer-specific examples with strong activity. Results: The CEACAM5, DKK1, GRP, SELP, KRT19, SERPINB3 and SFTPB promoters were cloned. Furthermore, we successfully constructed recombinant vector pGL-CEACAM5 (DKK1, GRP, SELP, KRT19, SERPINB3 and SFTPB) contained the target gene. After cells were transfectedwith recombinant plasmids, we found that the order of promoter activity from high to low was SERPINB3, DKK1, SFTPB, KRT19, CEACAM5, SELP and GRP and the order for promoters regarding specificity and high potential were SERPINB3, DKK1, SELP, SFTPB, CEACAM5, KRT19 and GRP. Conclusion: The approach adopted is feasible to screen for new tumour specific promoters with biomarkers. In addition, the screened lung-specific promoters might have potential for use in lung cancer targeted gene therapy research.

THE APPLICATION OF THE ADAPTIVE NOISE ELIMINATOR IN OIL LOGGING

Xu, Song Yuan,Zhou, Wei Dong,Xu, Shao Qing 대한전자공학회 1992 HICEC:Harbin International Conference on Electroni Vol.1 No.1

This paper presents the principle of the adaptive noise eliminator, addaptive algorithm, and simulation results. The simulation results display that useful signals can be efficiently extracted from strong noises by the adaptive noise eliminator on the condition that we have little prior knowledge about signal and noises.

Study of Robustness Approximate Time-Optimal System

Xu, Song Yuan,Yao, Li Qiang,Rong, Hong Bing,Xu, Shao Qing 대한전자공학회 1992 HICEC:Harbin International Conference on Electroni Vol.1 No.1

Using the $quot;bang-bang$quot;control the system can obtain the optimal time. But there have the chatter and the bad robustness after considering the practical factors. If we use the chang structure principle, the chatter will be diminated and the system will get the strong robustness. This paper adopted this two kinds of the principles to design the satellite attitute control system and the satisfied results were received.