Degradation of tricyclazole by colloidal manganese dioxide in the absence and presence of surfactants

Qamruzzaman,Abu Nasar 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.3

The kinetics of the degradation of tricyclazole by water soluble colloidal MnO2 in acidic medium (HClO4)has been studied spectrophotometrically in the absence and presence of surfactants. The experimentshave been performed under the pseudo-first-order reaction conditions with respect to MnO2. Todetermine the rate constant as functions of [tricyclazole], [MnO2] and [HClO4], the pseudo-first-orderreaction conditions have been maintained throughout the entire kinetic runs. The degradation has beenobserved to be first-order with respect to MnO2 while fractional-order in both tricyclazole and HClO4. The anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) has been observed to be ineffective whereasnonionic surfactant, Triton X-100 (TX-100) accelerates the reaction rate. However, the cationicsurfactant cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) causes flocculation with oppositely chargedcolloidal MnO2 and therefore could not be studied further. The catalytic effect of TX-100 has beendiscussed in the light of the mathematical model proposed by Tuncay et al. [25]. The kinetic data havebeen exploited to generate the various activation parameters for the oxidative degradation oftricyclazole by colloidal MnO2.

Does Asymmetric Relation Exist between Exchange Rate and Foreign Direct Investment in Bangladesh? Evidence from Nonlinear ARDL Analysis

Md. QAMRUZZAMAN,Salma KARIM,Jianguo WEI 한국유통과학회 2019 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.6 No.4

The study aims to investigate the pattern of relationships such as symmetric or asymmetric, between exchange rate and foreign direct investment in Bangladesh by applying Autoregressive Distributed Lagged (ARDL) and nonlinear ARDL. In this study, we employed quarterly data for the period of 1974Q1 to 2016Q4. Data were collected and aggregated from various sources namely, Bangladesh Economic Review published by Ministry of Finance and statistical yearbook published by Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics and an annual report published by Bangladesh Bank. The relationship between exchange rate and FDI inflows attract immense interest in the recent periods, especially for developing countries’ perspective. The results of the study ascertain the long run relationship between FDI, exchange rate, monetary policy, and fiscal policy. Considering the asymmetric assumption, the findings from NARDL confirm the existence of a long-run asymmetric relationship in the empirical equation. In the long run, it is observed that positive change that is the appreciation of exchange rate against USD decrease FDI inflows and negative shocks results in grater inflows of FDI, however, the positive shocks produce higher intensity that negative shocks in Exchange rate. For directional causality, the coefficients of error correction term confirm long-run causality, in particular, bidirectional causality unveiled between FDI and exchange rate.

Nexus between Remittance and Household Consumption: Fresh Evidence from Symmetric or Asymmetric Investigation

Md. Qamruzzaman,Wei Jianguo 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2020 Journal of Economic Development Vol.45 No.3

There is no conclusive evidence available in empirical literature regarding the patter of relationship, like symmetry or asymmetry, between remittances and household consumption at the aggregate level. With this study, we empirically investigated the nexus between Remittance and Household consumption under the assumption of both symmetric and asymmetric from 1993 to 2017 of a panel of 105 countries. Symmetry investigation performed with Panel ARDL proposed by Pesaran et al. (1999) and asymmetry test executed with the idea of nonlinear ARDL proposed by Shin et al. (2014). For establishing directional causality, we also performed a Panel Granger-causality test under the error correction term. Study findings unveiled an asymmetric relationship between remittance flows and household consumption both in the long run and in the short run, however, the coefficients elasticity explained greater magnitude in the short-run than the long run. Study findings exposed unidirectional causality from remittance to household consumption in the short-run. The effect of remittance inflows on household consumption at the aggregate level is evident. Therefore, the government should persuade integrated economic policy for the effective deployment of remittance flows in productive investment for increasing aggregate production and economic welfare at large.

Symmetric and Asymmetric Effects of Financial Innovation and FDI on Exchange Rate Volatility: Evidence from South Asian Countries

Md. Qamruzzaman,Ahmed Muneeb MEHTA,Rimsha KHALID,Ayesha SERFRAZ,Hina SALEEM 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.1

The study explores the nexus between foreign direct investment (FDI), financial innovation, and exchange rate volatility in selected South Asian countries for 1980 to 2017. The study applies the unit root test, Autoregressive Distributed Lagged, nonlinear ARDL, and causality test following Toda-Yamamoto. Unit root tests ascertain that variables are integrated in a mixed order; few variables are stationary at a level and few after the first difference. Empirical model estimation with ARDL, Long-run cointegration revealed with the tests of FPSS, WPSS, and tBDM by rejecting the null hypothesis of “no cointegration.” This finding suggests that, in the long-run financial innovation, FDI inflows, and exchange rate volatility move together. Moreover, study findings established adverse effects running from FDI inflows and financial innovation to exchange rate volatility in the long run. These findings suggest that continual FDI inflows and innovativeness in the financial system assist in lessening the volatility in the foreign exchange market. Furthermore, nonlinear ARDL confirms the presence of asymmetric cointegration in the model. The standard Wald test established asymmetric effects running from FDI inflows and financial innovation to exchange rate volatility, both in the long and short run. Directional causality unveils feedback hypothesis holds for explaining causality between FDI, financial innovation, and exchange rate volatility.

The Impact of Voluntary Disclosure on Firm’s Value

Md,QAMRUZZAMAN,Ishrat JAHAN,Salma KARIM 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.6

Financial reporting includes disclosures as prescribed by regulators, but few companies go beyond mandatory requirements and provide additional information voluntarily. This study evaluates the potential impact of voluntary information disclosure on the value of firms listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange for the period 2017–2019. The study applies GLS and system-GMM (Two-stage) estimation for detecting the magnitude of voluntary disclosure information on the firms’ value. Study findings reveal a positive and significant relationship between voluntary disclosure relating to financial statistics, social responsibility information, corporate governance, and the firms’ value as measured by Tobin’s Q. However, there is a negative and significant relationship between company information, accounting policies, and the firms’ value as measured by Tobin’s Q. Study findings suggest that the impact of voluntary disclosure on the value of the firms varies with the appropriate selection of proxy measures. Nonetheless, it is believed that voluntary disclosure plays a major role in projecting a clean image in the market and in attracting potential investors with a positive note about the company’s prospects.

COVID-19, Remittance Inflows, and the Stock Market: Empirical Evidence from Bangladesh

Md,QAMRUZZAMAN,Salma KARIM,Ishrat JAHAN 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.5

This study’s motivation is to investigate the association between the stock market, remittance, and the pandemic of COVID-19 for the period from March 3, 2020, to December 14, 2020. For evaluating the impact of COVID-19 and remittances on stock market behaviour during the pandemic, the study applies Autoregressive Distributed lagged (ARDL) for magnitudes estimation and directional association through the Toda-Yamamoto causality test. Study findings from ARDL estimation revealed that COVID-19 measured by detecting new cases negatively influences the stock market both in the long-term and short-term. Remittance positively influences the stock market behaviour, particularly in the long-term. Furthermore, the directional causality test disclosed unidirectional causal effects between COVID-19 and the stock market behaviour, which establishes all proxy measures for the equation’s stock market. The hypothesis results explain the causal relationship between remittance inflows and the stock market in Bangladesh. The study’s application will help policymakers rethink the policies for channelizing remittances for productive investment areas. Furthermore, the study’s findings will reinstate the widely perceived notions, which is the critical role of remittance in the economy even though the economy passes through a great pandemic.

The Effects of Finance and Knowledge on Entrepreneurship Development: An Empirical Study from Bangladesh

Ahmed Muneeb MEHTA,Md. QAMRUZZAMAN,Ayesha SERFRAZ 한국유통과학회 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.2

Over the past decades, Bangladesh has fought poverty via labor-intensive industry and inclusive financing. The techniques assist underprivileged women in achieving self-sufficiency and encourage them to pursue independent endeavors. However, the majority of female entrepreneurs focused on four key company types: parlor, boutique, clothes, and fashion, all of which have limited access to financing. It was feared that their shortage of finance was hindering the growth of their company. The study’s goal is to assess the effects of financial availability and knowledge on women’s entrepreneurship development in Bangladesh via the lens of transformational leadership practices. A sample of 580 SMEs was considered for data collection with a structured questionnaire: a five-point Likert scale for getting responses from SMEs. The model coefficients with structural equation modeling revealed that financial accessibility plays a positive and statistically significant role in women’s entrepreneurship development. Moreover, knowledge level established positive interlinkage with women’s entrepreneurship development. Transformational leadership, which plays a mediating role in leadership practices, has been linked to the development of women’s entrepreneurship indirectly and positively. As a result, support for knowledge creation and external financing must evolve and be made available to ensure women’s sustainable development through entrepreneurial activities.

The Role of Remittances in Financial Development: Evidence from Nonlinear ARDL and Asymmetric Causality

MEHTA, Ahmed Muneeb,QAMRUZZAMAN, Md.,SERFRAZ, Ayesha,ALI, Asad Korea Distribution Science Association 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.3

This study's impetus is to explore fresh evidence to answer the question, i.e., whether remittances asymmetrically influence financial development in Bangladesh from 1975 to 2019. The study employs several tests, i.e., nonlinear unit root test, Autoregressive Distributed Lagged (ARDL), NARDL, and asymmetric causality test for establishing the pattern of association. Nonlinear unit root tests confirm that variables follow a nonlinear system of being stationary after the first difference. nonlinearity among variables is investigated by performing the BDS test and nonlinear OLS. Directional causality is investigated through both linear and nonlinear effects of remittance inflows by following the non-granger casualty test. The test statistics of Fpass and tBDM showed the Long-run cointegration in the empirical model and positive effect running from remittances inflow to financial development both in the long-run and short-run. Furthermore, the results of a standard Wald test divulge the presence of long-run and short-run asymmetry. Asymmetry causality test established unidirectional causality due to positive and negative shocks in remittances inflows to Bank-based financial development and feedback hypothesis hold for explaining causality between positive and negative shocks in remittance inflows and Stock-based financial development.

The Effect of Technology and Open Innovation on Women-Owned Small and Medium Enterprises in Pakistan

MEHTA, Ahmed Muneeb,ALI, Asad,SALEEM, Hina,QAMRUZZAMAN, Md.,KHALID, Rimsha Korea Distribution Science Association 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.3

Technological adaption and innovative activities foster small and medium enterprises (SMEs) growth, especially women-owned SMEs in Pakistan, However, the impact of technological adaption and innovative activities on SMEs growth in the context of Pakistan has been examined by very researchers. This study aims to identify the effect of technology and open innovation policies on the growth of women-owned SMEs and the present trends and management challenges for successful full implementation of open innovation. The study considered a sample of 693 women enterprises located in different cities in Pakistan. Open innovation is measured through eight innovative practices, reflecting the exploration and exploitation of technology in SMEs. Study findings revealed that women enterprises were involved in several open innovation policies during the last five years. Moreover, the study indicated no significant differences between manufacturing and service SMEs regarding open innovation practices; however, women enterprises are more impressively engaged in open innovation practices. Findings also reveal that women-owned SMEs follow open innovation, mainly for market-related intentions, to compete with competitors and meet customers' demands. Thus, it is suggested that government policy relating to thriving SMEs owned by women should be innovation-oriented. The study contributes to the theoretical and practical implications. Further, the study is helpful for SMEs, researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers.

Nepotism Effects on Job Satisfaction and Withdrawal Behavior: An Empirical Analysis of Social, Ethical and Economic Factors from Pakistan

Ayesha SERFRAZ,Zartashia MUNIR,Ahmed Muneeb MEHTA,Md. QAMRUZZAMAN 한국유통과학회 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.3

Nepotism practices have had a severe impact on the social, ethical, and economic culture of not only corporations but also countries in the modern world. Nepotism behavior not only discourages the determined and motivated employee, but also has a detrimental impact on the worker’s satisfaction, performance, and contribution to the firm’s success. This increases economic tensions due to workers’ dissatisfaction with their jobs and occasionally withdrawal intentions, resulting in poor economic activity and a decline in society as a whole. The purpose of this study is to see how organizations’ nepotism affects individual work happiness, withdrawal behavior, social and ethical values, and the country’s economic development. The study’s target audience was private-sector employees, including managers, non-managerial staff, and middle and lower-level employees. Convenient sampling was used to ensure that the target population was accessible and available. The findings demonstrated that organizational nepotism causes substantial harm not only to employees but also to businesses and the economy. The employee who is happy with his or her job and working environment is less likely to withdraw.