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韓國 勞動組合의 現實과 勞動法 : 專賣勞動組合을 中心으로 Cheifly in respect to the National Monopoly Workers Union
咸秉春,金重洵,梁承斗 연세대학교 대학원 1964 延世論叢 Vol.3 No.1
We intended in this study to test through empirical method the following propositions. 1. To what extent the labor unions in Korea may be said to be the creatures of labor legislation, rather than autonomous entities organized by the workers themselves to meet their own need for collective action? 2. Are the unions meeting the need of rank and fide effectively? 3. How much confidence of the rank and file do the union leaders enjoy? 4. Do the employers detest or like labor unions? 5. Are our labor laws too idealistic, i. e., too far removed from our realities? It will be reactionary, to say the least, to argue that Korea in this day and age does not need labor unions. Trade unionism is a very fashionable thing to have for any democratic society. But labor unions are socio-economic institutions specifically created to meet the need of a society that has reached a certain stage of economic development. Notwithstanding the fact that in many countries labor unions are more of a political institution than anything else, the primary purpose for trade unionism is for the betterment of the life of working people. Labor unions of Korea give the impression that they came into being because the government decreed their existence through benign legislation, rather than because the workers themselves really felt the need for collective action and fought for it with their blood and tears. This fact, of course, can not be an argument fur doing away with labor unions in Korea. Our labor unions do and should hove different functions from those performed by the same in other economically developed countries. But this functional difference has not been taken into account by our labor legislation which tends to be mere translations of labor laws of other countries. This has rendered our labor legislation and trade unionism very ineffective. We hove discovered to cur regrets that both the leaders and the rank and file of our labor unions tend to be rather dependent upon the will of the government as expressed through its legislation. The union members seem to lack enthusiasm and militancy. They want the government to strengthen their unions through favorable legislation, rather than to fight for them with their own fists. They lack a strong conviction that trade unionism is their own business rather than that of the government. This type of attitude creates a favorable climate for intervention by a political party in power. This has contributed to the creation of unfavorable image of the Korean labor unions as hand-maidens of government rather than as organizations for the betterment of the working and living conditions of workers. The rank and file shelved relatively little confidence in their leadership. The employers were little convinced of the effectiveness of unions, although they were willing to abide by the laws on force. In an union that had been rendered impotent by dissension among its leaders, the rank and file were understandably very apathetic. It may be said that the Korean labor unions have not yet come of age. And it takes some time for them to come of age. But our legislation may have been hindering the progress of labor unionism with its excessive "developedness." It may have been "over-protective." It must be made more with peculiar realities of our situation. In order to do this, it is necessary to find out the special need of the Korean workers and what they want from their unions. We have to have more of this kind of study to have a more complete understanding of the Korean trade unionism and the legislation needed for its wholesome development.
GREAT POWERS CONFIGURATION IN THE ASIA-PACLFIC REGLON: A KOREAN VIEW
Hahm, Pyong-choon The Institute for Far Eastern Studies Kyungnam Uni 1980 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.4 No.1
A nation's history and perception of its international political environment are largely conditioned and shaped by its geography. In the case of Korea this has been especially true. The Korean peninsula shares land borders with China and Russia to the north and is surrounded to the east and the south by the island chain of japan. Such a big-power encirclement by the three major powers of the world is unique has important security interests also in this part of the world. Thus, the interests of four largest world powers converge on th Korean peninsula as a focal point.