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3R-Refinement principles: elevating rodent well-being and research quality
Puneet Rinwa,Marie Eriksson,Ian Cotgreave,Matilda Bäckberg 한국실험동물학회 2024 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.40 No.1
This review article delves into the details of the 3R-Refinement principles as a vital framework for ethically sound rodent research laboratory. It highlights the core objective of the refinement protocol, namely, to enhance the well-being of laboratory animals while simultaneously improving the scientific validity of research outcomes. Through an exploration of key components of the refinement principles, the article outlines how these ethics should be implemented at various stages of animal experiments. It emphasizes the significance of enriched housing environments that reduce stress and encourage natural behaviors, non-restraint methods in handling and training, refined dosing and sampling techniques that prioritize animal comfort, the critical role of optimal pain management and the importance of regular animal welfare assessment in maintaining the rodents well-being. Additionally, the advantages of collaboration with animal care and ethics committees are also mentioned. The other half of the article explains the extensive benefits of the 3R-Refinement protocol such as heightened animal welfare, enhanced research quality, reduced variability, and positive feedback from researchers and animal care staff. Furthermore, it addresses avenues for promoting the adoption of the protocol, such as disseminating best practices, conducting training programs, and engaging with regulatory bodies. Overall, this article highlights the significance of 3R-Refinement protocol in aligning scientific advancement with ethical considerations along with shaping a more compassionate and responsible future for animal research.
Transient vibration analysis of FG-MWCNT reinforced composite plate resting on foundation
Puneet Kumar,J. Srinivas 국제구조공학회 2018 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.29 No.5
This paper aims to investigate the transient vibration behavior of functionally graded carbon nanotube (FG-CNT) reinforced nanocomposite plate resting on Pasternak foundation under pulse excitation. The plate is considered to be composed of matrix material and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with distribution as per the functional grading concept. The functionally graded distribution patterns in nanocomposite plate are explained more appropriately with the layer-wise variation of carbon nanotubes weight fraction in the thickness coordinate. The layers are stacked up in such a way that it yields uniform and three other types of distribution patterns. The effective material properties of each layer in nanocomposite plate are obtained by modified Halpin-Tsai model and rule of mixtures. The governing equations of an illustrative case of simply-supported nanocomposite plate resting on the Pasternak foundation are derived from third order shear deformation theory and Navier's solution technique. A converge transient response of nanocompiste plate under uniformly distributed load with triangular pulse is obtained by varying number of layer in thickness direction. The validity and accuracy of the present model is also checked by comparing the results with those available in literature for isotropic case. Then, numerical examples are presented to highlight the effects of distribution patterns, foundation stiffness, carbon nanotube parameters and plate aspect ratio on the central deflection response. The results are extended with the consideration of proportional damping in the system and found that nanocomposite plate with distribution III have minimum settling time as compared to the other distributions.
A Review on Chemical-Induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease Models in Rodents
Puneet Kaur Randhawa,Kavinder Singh,Amteshwar Singh Jaggi 대한약리학회 2014 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.18 No.4
Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are a set of chronic, idiopathic, immunological and relapsinginflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract referred to as inflammatory bowel disorder (IBD). Although the etiological factors involved in the perpetuation of IBD remain uncertain, developmentof various animal models provides new insights to unveil the onset and the progression of IBD. Variouschemical-induced colitis models are widely used on laboratory scale. Furthermore, these models closelymimic morphological, histopathological and symptomatical features of human IBD. Among thechemical-induced colitis models, trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis, oxazoloneinduced-colitis and dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis models are most widely used. TNBSelicits Th-1 driven immune response, whereas oxazolone predominantly exhibits immune response ofTh-2 phenotype. DSS-induced colitis model also induces changes in Th-1/Th-2 cytokine profile. Thepresent review discusses the methodology and rationale of using various chemical-induced colitismodels for evaluating the pathogenesis of IBD.
Puneet Singh Chauhan,Gil-Seung Lee(이길승),Min-Kyoung Lee(이민경),Woo-Jong Yim(임우종),Gyeong-Ja Lee(이경자),Young-Sang Kim(김영상),Jong-Bae Chung(정종배),Tong-Min Sa(사동민) 한국토양비료학회 2010 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.43 No.4
다양한 유기질비료 수준에서 Methylobacterium oryzae CBMB20의 처리가 고추의 생육촉진에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 유기질비료 권장시비수준의 70, 85, 100, 120% 시용구에서 시비량이 증가함에 따라 고추의 신장, 건물중 및 수량에서 유의성 있는 증가를 확인하였다. M. oryzae CBMB20의 접종 처리에서 고추의 생장이 증가하였으며, 고추의 수량 또한 각 유기질 비료 수준별로 10~35% 증가하였다. 수확기에 조사한 근권토양의 메탄올자화세균의 밀도는 M. oryzae CBMB20 처리구에서 2.51~2.63 log CFU g<SUP>-1</SUP> soil 이었으며, 미처리구에서는 1.0 log CFU g<SUP>-1</SUP> soil 이하로 나타났다. 따라서 접종한 M. oryzae CBMB20은 고추 작물 근권토양에 효과적으로 군집하였으며, 식물생장촉진 호르몬의 분비 등의 작용을 통한 작물생장촉진효과를 발휘한 것으로 판단된다. M. oryzae CBMB20을 접종하지 않은 경우에는 고추의 최대 생장과 수량이 유기질 비료 권장시비 수준 120%에서 나타났으나, M. oryzae CBMB20을 접종한 경우에는 최대 생장과 수량이 권장시비 수준에서 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 식물생장촉진미생물의 접종을 통하여 비료 사용량의 절감 가능성을 제시하는 것이며, 식물생장 촉진 미생물 제제로서 M. oryzae CBMB20의 활용이 가능하리라 사료된다. Plant growth promoting ability of Methylobacterium oryzae CBMB20 was evaluated under different levels of organic fertilizer application on red pepper plants in a pot experiment. Oil cake as an organic N fertilizer was applied at the rates of 70, 85, 100 and 120% of the conventional recommended level. Each treatment was further treated with or without M. oryzae CBMB20 inoculation. The recommended amount of compost for red pepper was added in all the treatments. Results revealed that plant height, dry biomass and fruit yield were enhanced in increasing order as the rate of fertilization increased. Overall plant growth was improved due to the inoculation of M. oryzae CBMB20 and red pepper fruit yield was also increased by 10-35% in the plants inoculated with M. oryzae CBMB20 at different rates of organic fert1izer application. Total methylotrophic bacterial population in rhizosphere soil measured at the time of harvest was significantly higher in M. oryzae CBMB20 inoculated treatments. The growth promoting effect of M. oryzae CBMB20 found in red pepper could be due to the effective colonization of the bacteria in the rhizosphere and its ability of enhancing nutrient availability and producing plant growth hormones. With the plant growth promoting effect of M. oryzae CBMB20, the rate of organic fertilizer application can be reduced without any significant decreases in biomass production and yield of red pepper.
Puneet Singh Chauhan,Gil-Seung Lee(이길승),Min-Kyoung Lee(이민경),Woo-Jong Yim(임우종),Gyeong-Ja Lee(이경자),Young-Sang Kim(김영상),Jong-Bae Chung(정종배),Tong-Min Sa(사동민) 한국토양비료학회 2010 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.43 No.4
지속가능한 친환경농업을 위해서는 비료와 함께 식물생장촉진 미생물 또는 생장조절물질을 적절히 혼합 사용하는 것이 바람직하다. 본 연구에서는 Methylobacterium oryzae CBMB20의 근권토양접종과 메탄올 엽면살포에 따른 고추의 생육촉진 효과를 유기질 비료의 시용 수준별로 조사하였다. M. oryzae CBMB20의 근권토양접종과 메탄올 엽면살포는 각기 고추생육을 증대시켰다. 또한 이들을 동시에 혼합 처리하였을 경우에는 고추의 생장촉진 효과가 더욱 현저하게 나타났다. M. oryzae CBMB20의 근권토양접종과 메탄올 엽면살포에 따른 고추 생장촉진 효과는 유기질 비료의 시용수준이 낮은 경우에 더욱 현저하게 나타났다. M. oryzae CBMB20와 메탄올을 혼합 처리한 경우 권장시비수준 100%와 300% 처리 사이에 고추생육과 수량에서 유의성 있는 차이가 없었다. 시비량이 지나치게 많을 경우 생장촉진제의 처리효과를 거둘 수 없으며, 적정한 시비수준에서 M. oryzae CBMB20와 메탄올을 혼합 처리함으로써 고추를 비롯한 작물의 생장과 수량을 유지하면서도 시비량을 크게 줄일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. Fertilizers, plant growth promoting microbes and plant growth regulators should be combined together and used in order to achieve a maximal plant growth and yield in modern sustainable and ecological agricultural systems. In this study rhizosphere inoculation of Methylobacterium oryzae CBMB20 and foliar application of methanol were tested for their ability to promote the growth of red pepper plant at different levels of organic fertilizer. Rhizosphere inoculation of M. oryzae CBMB20 and foliar spray of methanol could promote red pepper plant growth and yield, and the growth promoting effect induced by the combined treatment of M. oryzae CBMB20 inoculation and foliar spray of methanol was more distinctive. This result suggests that a synergistic growth promoting effect of methanol spray and M. oryzae CBMB20 inoculation can be obtained in the combined treatment of the two growth promoting factors. The growth promoting effect was more significant in the lower fertilization rate, and the plant growth was not significantly different between 100 and 300% fertilizer treatments where both M. oryzae CBMB20 inoculation and foliar spray of methanol were included. This result indicates that, with the plant growth promoting effect of M. oryzae CBMB20 and methanol, fertilizer application rate can be profoundly reduced without any significant decreases in biomass accumulation and yield of crops.
A swelling of the maxilla: a case report and differential diagnosis
Puneet Bhargava,Saba Khan,Rohit Sharma,Khalid Agwani,Sahil Gupta 대한구강악안면외과학회 2014 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.40 No.6
Ossifying fibromas are benign fibro-osseous tumors of mesenchymal origin. Although ossifying fibromas have principally been found in the jaw, they have also been reported in the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and temporal bones, as well as the orbit and anterior cranial fossa. Ossifying fibromas affect- ing the jaw exhibit variable behaviors ranging from slow growth to occasionally aggressive local destruction. In the present article, we discuss a differ- ential diagnosis considered for maxillary swellings and report a rare case of ossifying fibroma occurring in the maxilla.