Factors affecting the electrical conductivity of conducting polymers

Pooja,Kumar Anil,Prasher Parteek,Mudila Harish 한국탄소학회 2023 Carbon Letters Vol.33 No.2

Metals had been significantly substituted by synthetic polymers in most of our daily requirements, thus relaxing our life. Out of many applied areas, synthetic polymers especially conducting polymers had shown their marked effect and potential. Batteries, pseudocapacitors, superconductors, etc. are the potential zones where conducting polymers are chiefly employed owing to their appreciable conductivity, cost efficiency, and corrosion inhibition nature. Apart from energy storage devices, these conducting polymers find their potential application in biosensors, lasers, corrosion inhibitors, electrostatic materials, conducting adhesives, electromagnetic interference shielding, and others. These all applications including energy storage are due to astonishing properties like high conductivity, flexibility, tuneability, easy processibility, chemical, thermal and mechanical stability, easy and enhanced charge transportation, lightweight, etc. Conducting polymers are extensively studied for their application in energy storage batteries, for which the material under investigation needs to be electrically conductive. However, the conducting nature of these specific conducting polymers is dependent on numerous factors. This review discussed the effect of certain potential factors such as polymerization techniques temperature, doping, bandgap, extended conjugation, solvent, etc. on the electrical/electrochemical conductivity of these conducting polymers. These all factors with their specific variations are found to have a noticeable consequence on the electrical conductivity of the investigated conducting polymer and hence on the energy storage carried by them. This review could be proved beneficial to the readers, who can judiciously implement the conclusions to their research related to conducting polymers and their composites for generating highly efficient energy storage systems.

Evaluation of Toxicity and Gene Expression Changes Triggered by Oxide Nanoparticles

Pooja Dua,김소연,유종성,홍선우,Nitin K. Chaudhari,Chang Han Lee,chaudhari kiran nanaji,Dong-ki Lee 대한화학회 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.6

Several studies have demonstrated that nanoparticles (NPs) have toxic effects on cultured cell lines, yet there are no clear data describing the overall molecular changes induced by NPs currently in use for human applications. In this study, the in vitro cytotoxicity of three oxide NPs of around 100 nm size, namely,mesoporous silica (MCM-41), iron oxide (Fe_2O_3-NPs), and zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs), was evaluated in the human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293. Cell viability assays demonstrated that 100 μg/mL MCM-41, 100 μg/mL Fe_2O_3, and 12.5 μg/mL ZnO exhibited 20% reductions in HEK293 cell viability in 24 hrs. DNA microarray analysis was performed on cells treated with these oxide NPs and further validated by real time PCR to understand cytotoxic changes occurring at the molecular level. Microarray analysis of NP-treated cells identified a number of up- and down-regulated genes that were found to be associated with inflammation,stress, and the cell death and defense response. At both the cellular and molecular levels, the toxicity was observed in the following order: ZnO-NPs > Fe_2O_3-NPs > MCM-41. In conclusion, our study provides important information regarding the toxicity of these three commonly used oxide NPs, which should be useful in future biomedical applications of these nanoparticles

Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of New Thiadiazole Derivatives

Pooja Mullick,Suroor A. Khan,Surajpal Verma,Ozair Alam 대한화학회 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.8

A series of thiadiazole derivatives were synthesized with differently substituted benzoic acids which were cyclized to give differently substituted thiazolidin-4-one. Elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral data confirmed the structure of the newly synthesized compounds. The derivatives of these moieties were evaluated for antimicrobial activity. Most of the synthesized compounds showed good antimicrobial activity at 200 and 100 μg/mL. Compounds showed most significant antibacterial activity against gram negative test organism Escherichia coli and most significant antifungal activity against test organisms Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. It was observed that compounds with OCH3 at 3, 4 position of phenyl ring [5(a-l)] were more potent against microbes as compared to compounds having unsubstituted phenyl ring [4(a-l)].

Sacubitril/Valsartan in Asian Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction

Pooja Dewan,John J.V. McMurray,Kieran F. Docherty 대한심장학회 2019 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.49 No.6

The Prospective comparison of Angiotensin Receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) with Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and morbidity in Heart Failure (HF) trial (PARADIGM-HF) showed that adding a neprilysin inhibitor (sacubitril) to a renin-angiotensin system blocker (and other standard therapy) reduced morbidity and mortality in ambulatory patients with chronic HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). In PARADIGM-HF, valsartan combined with sacubitril (a so-called ARNI) was superior to the current gold standard of an ACEI, specifically enalapril, reducing the risk of the primary composite outcome of cardiovascular (CV) death or first HF hospitalization by 20% and all-cause death by 16%. Following the results of PARADIGM-HF, sacubitril/valsartan was approved by American and European regulatory authorities for the treatment of HFrEF. The burden of HF in Asia is substantial, both due to the huge population of the region and as a result of increasing CV risk factors and disease. Both the prevalence and mortality associated with HF are high in Asia. In the following review, we discuss the development of sacubitril/valsartan, the prototype ARNI, and the available evidence for its efficacy and safety in Asian patients with HFrEF.

An Optimize Approach to Design MUX Based Decoder Using Source Coupled Logic

Pooja Verma,Deepak Punetha,Yogita Bahuguna 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.5

In Combination logic there are some patterns which commonly occur and it is convenient to represent these in their own separate units often they are also available as separate integrated circuits. This research paper covers the two of these, the decoder and the multiplexer. In this work, designing of 2:1 MUX and MUX Based Decoder using SCL (Source Coupled Logic) is done. Power and value of current spike (Rail–to-Rail current) is found for the circuits. The Simulation is done using 180nm technology using TANNER (Version 9.2) tool.

Visual Quality Improvement of Medical Images using Pixel Reconstruction Followed by Gabor Enhancement Technique

Pooja Gupta,Kuldip Pahwa 보안공학연구지원센터(IJSIP) 2014 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.7 No.6

Today is an era of digital imaging. This can be viewed either in the field of photography or in the field of medical imaging. Digital imaging has improved the performance of picture quality. Detailed information can be recovered very quickly from any part of an image and this feature has become very useful in every field of imaging. This improvement in the field of medical imaging has given life to so many patients as diagnosis of disease has become very fast and easy. But many a times the image quality is not upto the mark, due to this reason; the doctors are not able to diagnose the disease. So this paper proposes a noval approach for improvement in quality of medical images using pixel reconstruction followed by Gabor filter enhancement technique. The experimental results are verified as improvement in PSNR of hexagonal pixel images as compared with square pixel images. The results show a large improvement in quality of digital imaging.

Design of Safety Critical and Control Systems of Nuclear Power Plants using Petri Nets

Pooja Singh,Lalit Kumar Singh 한국원자력학회 2019 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.51 No.5

Non-functional requirements plays a critical role in designing variety of applications domain ranges fromsafety-critical systems to simple gaming applications. Performance is one of the crucial non-functionalrequirement, especially in control and safety systems, that validates the design. System risk can bequantified as a product of probability of system failure and severity of its impact. In this paper, we devisea technique to do the performance analysis of safety critical and control systems and to estimate performancebased risk factor. The technique elaborates Petri nets to estimate performability to ensuresystem dependability requirements. We illustrate the technique on a case study of Nuclear Power Plantsystem. The technique has been validated on 17 safety critical and control systems of Nuclear PowerPlant.

Comparison between lignocaine nebulization and airway nerve block for awake fiberoptic bronchoscopy-guided nasotracheal intubation: a single-blind randomized prospective study

Pooja Rawat Mathur,Neena Jain,Aji Kumar,Beena Thada,Veena Mathur,Deepak Garg 대한마취통증의학회 2018 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.71 No.2

Background: The preferred management strategy for difficult airways is awake fiberoptic bronchoscopy-guided intubation, which requires effective airway anesthesia to ensure patient comfort and acceptance. This randomized single-blind prospective study was conducted to compare lignocaine nebulization and airway nerve block for airway anesthesia prior to awake fiberoptic bronchoscopy-guided intubation. Methods: Sixty adult patients scheduled for surgical procedures under general anesthesia were randomly allocated to two groups. Group N received jet nebulization (10 ml of 4% lignocaine) and Group B received bilateral superior laryngeal and transtracheal recurrent laryngeal nerve blocks (each with 2 ml of 2% lignocaine) followed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy- guided nasotracheal intubation. All patients received procedural sedation with dexmedetomidine. The intubation time, intubating conditions, vocal cord position, cough severity, and degree of patient satisfaction were recorded. Student’s t test was used to analyze parametric data, while the Mann-Whitney U test was applied to non-parametric data and Fisher’s test to categorical data. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The time taken for intubation was significantly shorter in Group B [115.2 (14.7) s compared with Group N [214.0 (22.2) s] (P = 0.029). The intubating conditions and degree of patient comfort were better in Group B compared with Group N. Although all patients were successfully intubated, patient satisfaction was higher in Group B. Conclusions: Airway nerve blocks are preferable to lignocaine nebulization as they provide superior-quality airway anesthesia. However, nebulization may be a suitable alternative when a nerve block is not feasible.

Structure and Reproduction of Grateloupia filicina (Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) from Indian Coast

Pooja Baweja,Dinabandhu Sahoo The Korean Society of Phycology 2002 ALGAE Vol.17 No.3

The vegetative and reproductive features of Grateloupia filicina (Lamouroux) C. Agardh (Cryptonemiales, Halymeniaceae) from different parts of the Indian Coast were studied. The plants grow in wide range of habitats and showed a lot of morphological variations. The development of the thallus is multiaxial type and the medullary region is composed of irregular, branched and stellate shaped cells. The gametophytic plants are dioecious and the male plants are smaller compared to female plants. The carpogonial branch is two-celled and formed on an a accessory branch system known as ampulla. Cystocarps are spherical to sybspherical with distint ostioles and scattered on the thallus surface. Tetrasporangia are common and tetraspores are either cruciate or decussate. Bisporangia are occasionally encountered. Our study suggests occurrence of two intraspecific taxa of G. filicina i.e.: var. luxurians and var. filinina from India coast.

[BOOK REVIEW] Contentious Marriages, Eloping Couples: Gender, Caste and Patriarchy in Northern India, Prem Chowdhry, New Delhi :Oxford University Press 2007

Pooja JUYAL & Shagun MATHUR 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2009 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.23 No.2