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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Poobalan (검색결과 4 건)
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Effects of wet-oxidized 4H-SiC annealed in HNO<sub>3</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>O vapour
Poobalan, Banu,Moon, Jeong Hyun,Kim, Sang-Cheol,Joo, Sung-Jae,Bahng, Wook,Kang, In Ho,Kim, Nam-Kyun,Cheong, Kuan Yew Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2013 Microelectronics international Vol.31 No.1
<B>Purpose</B> - The high density of defects mainly attributed to the presence of silicon oxycarbides, residual C clusters, Si- and C-dangling bonds at or near the SiO<SUB>2</SUB>/SiC interface degrades the performance of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices. In the effort of further improving the quality and enhancement of the SiC oxides thickness, post-oxidation annealed by a combination of nitric acid (HNO<SUB>3</SUB>) and water (H<SUB>2</SUB>O) vapor technique on thermally grown wet-oxides is introduced in this work. The paper aims to discuss these issues. <B>Design/methodology/approach</B> - A new technique of post-oxidation annealing (POA) on wet-oxidized n-type 4H-SiC in a combination of HNO<SUB>3</SUB> and H<SUB>2</SUB>O vapor at various heating temperatures (70°C, 90°C and 110°C) of HNO<SUB>3</SUB> solution has been introduced in this work. <B>Findings</B> - It has been revealed that the samples annealed in HNO<SUB>3</SUB> +?H<SUB>2</SUB>O vapour ambient by various heating temperatures of HNO<SUB>3</SUB> solution; particularly at 110°C is able to produce oxide with lower interface-state density and higher breakdown voltage as compared to wet-oxidized sample annealed in N2 ambient. The substrate properties upon oxide removal show surface roughness reduces as the heating temperature of HNO<SUB>3</SUB> solution increases, which is mainly attributed due to the significant reduction of carbon content at the SiC/SiO<SUB>2</SUB> interface by C=N passivation and CO or CO<SUB>2</SUB> out-diffusion. <B>Originality/value</B> - Despite being as a strong oxidizing agent, vaporized HNO<SUB>3</SUB> can also be utilized as nitridation and hydrogen passivation agent in high temperature thermal oxidation ambient and these advantages were demonstrated in 4H-SiC.
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Hydrothermal carbonization of oil palm shell
Sabzoi Nizamuddin,Natesan Subramanian Jayakumar,Jaya Narayan Sahu,Poobalan Ganesan,Abdul Waheed Bhutto,Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak 한국화학공학회 2015 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.32 No.9
Palm shell is one of the most plentiful wastes of the palm oil mill industry. This study identifies the capability of hydrothermal carbonization process (HTC) to convert palm shell into high energy hydrochar. The influence of reaction time and reaction temperature of the HTC process was investigated. The process parameters selected were temperature 200 oC to 240 oC, time 10 to 60min, and water to biomass ratio was fixed at 10 : 1 by weight %. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), elemental, proximate, Burner Emmett and Teller (BET), thermo-gravimetric (TGA) analyses were performed to characterize the product and the feed. The heating value (HHV) was increased from 12.24 MJ/ kg (raw palm shell) to 22.11 MJ/kg (hydrochar produced at 240 oC and 60 min). The hydrochar yield exhibited a higher degree inverse proportionality with temperature and reaction time. Elemental analysis revealed an increase in carbon percentage and a proportional decrease in hydrogen and oxygen contents which caused higher value of HHV. The dehydration and decarboxylation reactions take place at higher temperatures during HTC resulting in the increase of carbon and decrease in oxygen values of hydrochar. The FESEM results reveal that the structure of raw palm shell was decomposed by HTC process. The pores on the surface of hydrochar increased as compared to the raw palm shell.
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Adsorption of chromium (VI) on functionalized and non-functionalized carbon nanotubes
Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak,Raj Kogiladas Thines,Noor Rosyidah Sajuni,Ezzat Chan Abdulla,Jaya Narayan Sahu,Poobalan Ganesan,Natesan Subramanian Jayakumar 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.31 No.9
We did a comparative study on the adsorption capacity of Cr (VI) between functionalized carbon nanotubes(CNTs) and non-functionalized CNTs. The statistical analysis reveals that the optimum conditions for the highest removalof Cr (VI) are at pH 9, with dosage 0.1 gram, agitation speed and time of 120 rpm and 120 minutes, respectively. Forthe initial concentration of 1.0 mg/l, the removal efficiency of Cr (VI) using functionalized CNTs was 87.6% and 83%of non-functionalized CNTs. The maximum adsorption capacities of functionalized and non–functionalized CNTs were2.517 and 2.49 mg/g, respectively. Langmuir and Freundlich models were adopted to study the adsorption isotherm,which provided a KL and KF value of 1.217 L/mg and 18.14 mg1−nLn/g functionalized CNT, while 2.365 L/mg and 2.307mg1−nLn/g for non-functionalized CNTs. This result proves that functionalized CNTs are a better adsorbent with a higheradsorption capacity compared with the non-functionalized CNTs.
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Manimaran Ruthiraan,Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak,Raj Kogiladas Thines,Ezzat Chan Abdullah,Jaya Narayan Sahu,Natesan Subramanian Jayakumar,Poobalan Ganesan 한국화학공학회 2015 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.32 No.3
We did a comparative study between functionalized multiwall carbon nanotube (FMWCNTs), and magneticbiochar was carried out to determine the most efficient adsorbent to be employed in the Cd2+ ion removal. Weoptimized parameters such as agitation speed, contact time, pH and adsorbent dosage using design expert vrsion 6.08. The statistical analysis reveals that optimized condition for highest removal of Cd2+ are at pH 5.0, with dosage 1.0 g,agitation speed and contact time of 100 rpm and 90 minutes, respectively. For the initial concentration of 10mg/l, theremoval efficiency of Cd2+ using FMWCNTs was 90% and and 82% of magnetic biochar. The maximum Cd2+ adsorptioncapacities of both FMWCNTs and magnetic biochar were calculated: 83.33mg/g and 62.5mg/g. The Langmuirand Freundlich constants for FMWCNTs were 0.056 L/mg and 13.613 L/mg, while 0.098 L/mg and 25.204 L/mg formagnetic biochar. The statistical analysis proved that FMWCNTs have better adsorption capacity compared to magneticbiochar and both models obeyed the pseudo-second-order.
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