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Repeatable calibration of Hounsfield units to mineral density and effect of scanning medium
Crookshank, Meghan,Ploeg, Heidi-Lynn,Ellis, Randy,MacIntyre, Norma J. Techno-Press 2014 Advances in biomechanics & applications Vol.1 No.1
Computed tomography (CT) is being utilized in orthopaedics and related research to estimate bone strength. These applications benefit from calibration of Hounsfield units to mineral density typical of long bone, up to $1750mg/cm^3$. This study describes a method for establishing repeatable calibration of Hounsfield units to density, and determines the effects of imaging medium on calibration accuracy. Four hydroxyapatite standards were imaged in air on 7 occasions over 19 weeks using a helical multi-slice CT scanner. Each standard was scanned 5 times in different media: porcine soft tissue, water, and air. Calibrated densities were highly repeatable (CV<3.5%). No difference in density was observed between water and soft tissue conditions (p>0.08). This work provides a model for determining repeatable scanner-specific density calibration, demonstrates that the linear relationship between Hounsfield units and density extends to values typical of cortical bone, and supports the practice of imaging calibration standards in an environment similar to that of the target bone.
Sabina Vasaturo,David E. Ploeg,Guadalupe Buitrago,Katja Zeppenfeld,Maud Veselic-Charvat,Lucia J.M. Kroft 대한영상의학회 2015 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.16 No.3
A 53-year-old woman was referred for ventricular fibrillation with resuscitation. A CT-angiography showed signs of a right ventricular enlargement without obvious cause. A cardiac MRI demonstrated a dilated and hypokinetic right ventricle with extensive late gadolinium enhancement. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) was suspected according to the “revised ARVD task force criteria”. An endomyocardial biopsy was inconclusive. The patient developed purulent pericarditis after epicardial ablation therapy and died of toxic shock syndrome. The post-mortem pathologic examination demonstrated sarcoidosis involving the heart, lungs, and thyroid gland.
Eckert, Jana K.,Kim, Young J.,Kim, Jung I.,Gurtler, K.,Oh, D.Y.,Sur, S.,Lundvall, L.,Hamann, L.,van der Ploeg, A.,Pickkers, P.,Giamarellos-Bourboulis, E.,Kubarenko, Andriy V.,Weber, Alexander N.,Kabes Cell Press 2013 Immunity Vol.39 No.4
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding protein (LBP) is an acute-phase protein that initiates an immune response after recognition of bacterial LPS. Here, we report the crystal structure of murine LBP at 2.9 A resolution. Several structural differences were observed between LBP and the related bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI), and the LBP C-terminal domain contained a negatively charged groove and a hydrophobic ''phenylalanine core.'' A frequent human LBP SNP (allelic frequency 0.08) affected this region, potentially generating a proteinase cleavage site. The mutant protein had a reduced binding capacity for LPS and lipopeptides. SNP carriers displayed a reduced cytokine response after in vivo LPS exposure and lower cytokine concentrations in pneumonia. In a retrospective trial, the LBP SNP was associated with increased mortality rates during sepsis and pneumonia. Thus, the structural integrity of LBP may be crucial for fighting infections efficiently, and future patient stratification might help to develop better therapeutic strategies.