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Kim, Sung Min,Choi, Jung Eun,Hur, Wonhee,Kim, Jungx2010,Hee,Hong, Sung Woo,Lee, Eun Byul,Lee, Joon Ho,Li, Tian Zhu,Sung, Pil Soo,Yoon, Seung Kew John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2017 Journal of cellular biochemistry Vol.118 No.8
<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>The epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in many different types of cellular behavior, including liver fibrosis. In this report, we studied a novel function of RAR‐related orphan receptor gamma (ROR‐γ) in hepatocyte EMT during liver fibrosis. To induce EMT in vitro, primary hepatocytes and FL83B cells were treated with TGF‐β1. Expression of ROR‐γ was analyzed by Western blot in the fibrotic mouse livers and human livers with cirrhosis. To verify the role of ROR‐γ in hepatocyte EMT, we silenced ROR‐γ in FL83B cells using a lentiviral short hairpin RNA (shRNA) vector. The therapeutic effect of ROR‐γ silencing was investigated in a mouse model of TAA‐induced fibrosis by hydrodynamic injection of plasmids. ROR‐γ expression was elevated in hepatocyte cells treated with TGF‐β1, and ROR‐γ protein levels were elevated in the fibrotic mouse livers and human livers with cirrhosis. Knockdown of ROR‐γ resulted in the attenuation of TGF‐β1‐induced EMT in hepatocytes. Strikingly, ROR‐γ bound to ROR‐specific DNA response elements (ROREs) in the promoter region of TGF‐β type I receptor (Tgfbr1) and Smad2, resulting in the downregulation of Tgfbr1 and Smad2 after silencing of ROR‐γ. Therapeutic delivery of shRNA against ROR‐γ attenuated hepatocyte EMT and ameliorated liver fibrosis in a mouse model of TAA‐induced liver fibrosis. Overall, our results suggest that ROR‐γ regulates TGF‐β‐induced EMT in hepatocytes during liver fibrosis. We suggest that ROR‐γ may become a potential therapeutic target in treating liver fibrosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2026–2036, 2017. © 2016 The Authors. <I>Journal of Cellular Biochemistry</I> Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.</P>
Lee, Dongx2010,Keun,Chung, Pil Joong,Jeong, Jin Seo,Jang, Geupil,Bang, Seung Woon,Jung, Harin,Kim, Youn Shic,Ha, Sunx2010,Hwa,Choi, Yang Do,Kim, Jux2010,Kon BLACKWELL 2017 PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL Vol.15 No.6
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Drought has a serious impact on agriculture worldwide. A plant's ability to adapt to rhizosphere drought stress requires reprogramming of root growth and development. Although physiological studies have documented the root adaption for tolerance to the drought stress, underlying molecular mechanisms is still incomplete, which is essential for crop engineering. Here, we identified <I>OsNAC6</I>‐mediated root structural adaptations, including increased root number and root diameter, which enhanced drought tolerance. Multiyear drought field tests demonstrated that the grain yield of <I>OsNAC6</I> root‐specific overexpressing transgenic rice lines was less affected by drought stress than were nontransgenic controls. Genome‐wide analyses of loss‐ and gain‐of‐function mutants revealed that OsNAC6 up‐regulates the expression of direct target genes involved in membrane modification, nicotianamine (NA) biosynthesis, glutathione relocation, 3′‐phophoadenosine 5′‐phosphosulphate accumulation and glycosylation, which represent multiple drought tolerance pathways. Moreover, overexpression of <I>NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHASE</I> genes, direct targets of OsNAC6, promoted the accumulation of the metal chelator NA and, consequently, drought tolerance. Collectively, OsNAC6 orchestrates novel molecular drought tolerance mechanisms and has potential for the biotechnological development of high‐yielding crops under water‐limiting conditions.</P>
Jung, Harin,Chung, Pil Joong,Park, Sux2010,Hyun,Redillas, Mark Christian Felipe Reveche,Kim, Youn Shic,Suh, Joox2010,Won,Kim, Jux2010,Kon BLACKWELL 2017 PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL Vol.15 No.10
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>The AP2/ERF family is a plant‐specific transcription factor family whose members have been associated with various developmental processes and stress tolerance. Here, we functionally characterized the drought‐inducible <I>OsERF48</I>, a group Ib member of the rice ERF family with four conserved motifs, CMI‐1, ‐2, ‐3 and ‐4. A transactivation assay in yeast revealed that the C‐terminal CMI‐1 motif was essential for OsERF48 transcriptional activity. When <I>OsERF48</I> was overexpressed in an either a root‐specific (ROXO<SUP><I>s</I></SUP>ERF<SUP><I>48</I></SUP>) or whole‐body (OXO<SUP><I>s</I></SUP>ERF<SUP><I>48</I></SUP>) manner, transgenic plants showed a longer and denser root phenotype compared to the nontransgenic (NT) controls. When plants were grown on a 40% polyethylene glycol‐infused medium under <I>in vitro</I> drought conditions, ROXO<SUP><I>s</I></SUP>ERF<SUP><I>48</I></SUP> plants showed a more vigorous root growth than OXO<SUP><I>s</I></SUP>ERF<SUP><I>48</I></SUP> and NT plants. In addition, the ROXO<SUP><I>s</I></SUP>ERF<SUP><I>48</I></SUP> plants exhibited higher grain yield than OXO<SUP><I>s</I></SUP>ERF<SUP><I>48</I></SUP> and NT plants under field‐drought conditions. We constructed a putative <I>OsERF48</I> regulatory network by cross‐referencing ROXO<SUP><I>s</I></SUP>ERF<SUP><I>48</I></SUP> root‐specific RNA‐seq data with a co‐expression network database, from which we inferred the involvement of 20 drought‐related genes in <I>OsERF48</I>‐mediated responses. These included genes annotated as being involved in stress signalling, carbohydrate metabolism, cell‐wall proteins and drought responses. They included, <I>OsCML16</I>, a key gene in calcium signalling during abiotic stress, which was shown to be a direct target of OsERF48 by chromatin immunoprecipitation‐qPCR analysis and a transient protoplast expression assay. Our results demonstrated that OsERF48 regulates <I>OsCML16</I>, a calmodulin‐like protein gene that enhances root growth and drought tolerance.</P>
Highly Efficient Organic THz Generator Pumped at Near‐Infrared: Quinolinium Single Crystals
Kim, Pil‐,Joo,Jeong, Jaex2010,Hyeok,Jazbinsek, Mojca,Choi, Soox2010,Bong,Baek, Inx2010,Hyung,Kim, Jongx2010,Taek,Rotermund, Fabian,Yun, Hoseop,Lee, Yoon Sup,Gü,nter, Peter,Kwon, Ox WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2012 Advanced functional materials Vol.22 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A novel highly efficient ionic electro‐optic quinolinium single crystals for THz wave applications is reported. Acentric quinolinium derivatives, HMQ‐T (2‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxystyryl)‐1‐methylquinolinium 4‐methylbenzenesulfonate) and HMQ‐MBS (2‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxystyryl)‐1‐methylquinolinium 4‐methoxybenzenesulfonate) exhibit high order parameters cos<SUP>3</SUP><I>θ</I><SUB>p</SUB> = 0.92 and cos<SUP>3</SUP><I>θ</I><SUB>p</SUB> = 1.0, respectively, as well as a large macroscopic optical nonlinearity, which is in the range of the benchmark stilbazolium DAST (<I>N,N</I>‐dimethylamino‐<I>N</I>’‐methylstilbazolium 4‐methylbenzenesulfonate) and phenolic polyene OH1 (2‐(3‐(4‐hydroxystyryl)‐5,5‐dimethylcyclohex‐2‐enylidene)malononitrile) crystals. As‐grown unpolished bulk HMQ‐T crystals with a side length of about 6 mm and thickness of 0.56 mm exhibit 3.1 times higher THz generation efficiency than 0.37 mm thick OH1 crystals and about 8.4 times higher than 1 mm thick inorganic standard ZnTe crystals at the near‐infrared fundamental wavelength of 836 nm. Therefore, HMQ crystals with high order parameter obviously have a very high potential for high power THz‐wave generation and its applications.</P>
Chang, Soyoung,Sung, Pil Soo,Lee, Jungsul,Park, Junseong,Shin, Euix2010,Cheol,Choi, Chulhee John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2016 JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE Vol.20 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Diacylglycerol acyltransferase‐1 (DGAT1), a key enzyme in triglyceride (TG) biogenesis, is highly associated with metabolic abnormalities, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, the effects of DGAT1 silencing in the human liver have not been elucidated. To investigate the effects of DGAT1 silencing in human liver cells, we compared the cellular behaviours of DGAT1‐deficient Huh‐7.5 cell lines with those of control Huh‐7.5 cells. DGAT1‐deficient cells acquired dedifferentiated and stem cell‐like characteristics, such as formation of aggregates in the presence of high levels of growth factors, high proliferation rates and loss of albumin secretion. In relation to aggregate formation, the expression level of various adhesion molecules was significantly altered in DGAT1‐deficient cells. Microarray data analysis and immunostaining of patient tissue samples clearly showed decreased expression levels of DGAT1 and integrin β1 in patients who have nodular cirrhosis without fatty degeneration.</P>
<i>In vivo</i> corrosion mechanism by elemental interdiffusion of biodegradable Mg–Ca alloy
Jung, Jaex2010,Young,Kwon, Sangx2010,Jun,Han, Hyungx2010,Seop,Lee, Jix2010,Young,Ahn, Jaex2010,Pyoung,Yang, Seokx2010,Jo,Cho, Sungx2010,Youn,Cha, Pil‐,Ryung,Kim, Yux2010,Chan,Seo Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2012 Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Vol.b100 No.8
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>We elucidated the <I>in vivo</I> corrosion mechanism of the biodegradable alloy Mg–10 wt % Ca in rat femoral condyle through transmission electron microscope observations assisted by focused ion beam technique. The alloy consists of a primary Mg phase and a three‐dimensional lamellar network of Mg and Mg<SUB>2</SUB>Ca. We found that the Mg<SUB>2</SUB>Ca is rapidly corroded by interdiffusion of Ca and O, leading to a structural change from lamellar network to nanocrystalline MgO. In contrast to the fast corrosion rate of the lamellar structure, the primary Mg phase slowly changes into nanocrystalline MgO through surface corrosion by O supplied along the lamellar networks. The rapid interdiffusion induces an inhomogeneous Ca distribution and interestingly leads to the formation of a transient CaO phase, which acts as a selective leaching path for Ca. In addition, the outgoing Ca with P from body fluids forms needle‐type calcium phosphates similar to hydroxyl apatite at interior and surface of the implant, providing an active biological environment for bone mineralization. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.</P>
Bang, Seung Woon,Lee, Dongx2010,Keun,Jung, Harin,Chung, Pil Joong,Kim, Youn Shic,Choi, Yang Do,Suh, Joox2010,Won,Kim, Jux2010,Kon BLACKWELL 2019 PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL Vol.17 No.1
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Drought stress seriously impacts on plant development and productivity. Improvement of drought tolerance without yield penalty is a great challenge in crop biotechnology. Here, we report that the rice (<I>Oryza sativa</I>) homeodomain‐leucine zipper transcription factor gene, <I>OsTF1L</I> (<I>Oryza sativa transcription factor 1‐like</I>), is a key regulator of drought tolerance mechanisms. Overexpression of the <I>OsTF1L</I> in rice significantly increased drought tolerance at the vegetative stages of growth and promoted both effective photosynthesis and a reduction in the water loss rate under drought conditions. Importantly, the <I>OsTF1L</I> overexpressing plants showed a higher drought tolerance at the reproductive stage of growth with a higher grain yield than nontransgenic controls under field‐drought conditions. Genomewide analysis of <I>OsTF1L</I> overexpression plants revealed up‐regulation of drought‐inducible, stomatal movement and lignin biosynthetic genes. Overexpression of <I>OsTF1L</I> promoted accumulation of lignin in shoots, whereas the RNAi lines showed opposite patterns of lignin accumulation. <I>OsTF1L</I> is mainly expressed in outer cell layers including the epidermis, and the vasculature of the shoots, which coincides with areas of lignification. In addition, <I>OsTF1L</I> overexpression enhances stomatal closure under drought conditions resulted in drought tolerance. More importantly, OsTF1L directly bound to the promoters of lignin biosynthesis and drought‐related genes involving <I>poxN/PRX38</I>,<I> Nodulin protein</I>,<I>DHHC4</I>,<I>CASPL5B1</I> and <I>AAA‐type ATPase</I>. Collectively, our results provide a new insight into the role of <I>OsTF1L</I> in enhancing drought tolerance through lignin biosynthesis and stomatal closure in rice.</P>
Park, Chanx2005,Pil,Kim, Dongx2010,Pyo WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2010 Angewandte Chemie Vol.122 No.38
<P><B>Alles im Fluss</B>: Ein mikromechanisches System für katalytische Durchflussreaktionen mit einem magnetischen Katalysator wird vorgestellt (siehe Bild). Der Mikroreaktor ermöglicht die automatische Abtrennung und Wiederzuführung von Katalysatorpartikeln und ist auf verschiedenste katalytische Reaktionen anwendbar.</P>
Pugazhenthi, Ilangovan,Ghouse, Shaik Mohammed,Nawaz Khan, Fazlurx2010,Rahman,Jeong, Euh Duck,Bae, Jong Seong,Kim, Jongx2010,Pil,Chung, Eun Hyuk,Kumar, Yadavalli Suneel,Dasaradhan, Changalraya WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2015 Chem Inform Vol.46 No.28
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The new methodology offers a domino reaction strategy, high yield, simple operation, recyclability, and is eco‐friendly.</P>
Jung, Jaex2010,Hoon,Ju, Yun,Seo, Pil Joon,Lee, Jaex2010,Hyung,Park, Chungx2010,Mo Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2012 The Plant journal Vol.69 No.4
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>miR156 and its target <I>SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN‐LIKE</I> (<I>SPL</I>) genes constitute an endogenous flowering pathway in Arabidopsis. The <I>SPL</I> genes are regulated post‐transcriptionally by miR156, and incorporate endogenous aging signals into floral gene networks. Intriguingly, the <I>SPL</I> genes are also regulated transcriptionally by <I>FLOWERING LOCUS T</I> (<I>FT</I>)‐mediated photoperiod signals. However, it is unknown how photoperiod regulates the <I>SPL</I> genes. Here, we show that SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1) and FT regulate the <I>SPL3</I>, <I>SPL4</I> and <I>SPL5</I> genes by directly binding to the gene promoters in response to photoperiod signals. Notably, the SOC1 regulation of the <I>SPL</I> genes, termed the SOC1‐SPL module, also mediates gibberellic acid (GA) signals to promote flowering under non‐inductive short days (SDs). Under SDs, the inductive effects of GA on the <I>SPL</I> genes disappeared in the <I>soc1‐2</I> mutant, and the flowering of <I>SPL3</I>‐overexpressing transgenic plants (35S:<I>SPL3</I>) was less sensitive to GA. In addition, the 35S:<I>SPL3</I> × <I>soc1‐2</I> plants flowered much earlier than the <I>soc1‐2</I> mutant, supporting SOC1 regulation of the <I>SPL</I> genes. Our observations indicate that the SOC1‐SPL module serves as a molecular link that integrates photoperiod and GA signals to promote flowering in Arabidopsis.</P>