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Pancreatic regulation of glucose homeostasis
Pia V Röder,Bingbing Wu,Yixian Liu,Weiping Han 생화학분자생물학회 2016 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.48 No.-
In order to ensure normal body function, the human body is dependent on a tight control of its blood glucose levels. This is accomplished by a highly sophisticated network of various hormones and neuropeptides released mainly from the brain, pancreas, liver, intestine as well as adipose and muscle tissue. Within this network, the pancreas represents a key player by secreting the blood sugar-lowering hormone insulin and its opponent glucagon. However, disturbances in the interplay of the hormones and peptides involved may lead to metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) whose prevalence, comorbidities and medical costs take on a dramatic scale. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to uncover and understand the mechanisms underlying the various interactions to improve existing anti-diabetic therapies and drugs on the one hand and to develop new therapeutic approaches on the other. This review summarizes the interplay of the pancreas with various other organs and tissues that maintain glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, anti-diabetic drugs and their impact on signaling pathways underlying the network will be discussed.
Cancer Incidence in Asbestos-Exposed Workers: An Update on Four Finnish Cohorts
Pia Nynäs,Eero Pukkala,Harri Vainio,Panu Oksa 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2017 Safety and health at work Vol.8 No.2
Background We assessed the cancer risks of four different Finnish asbestos-exposed cohorts. We also explored if the cohorts with varying profiles of asbestos exposure exhibited varying relative risks of cancer. Methods The incident cancer cases for the asbestos-exposed worker cohorts were updated to the end of 2012 using the files of the Finnish Cancer Registry. The previously formed cohorts consisted of asbestos mine workers, asbestosis patients, asbestos sprayers, and workers who had taken part in a screening study based on asbestos exposure at work. Results The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for mesothelioma varied from about threefold to > 100-fold in the different cohorts. In the screening cohort the SIR for mesothelioma was highest in 2003–2007, In other cohorts it was more constant in 5-year period inspection. The SIR for lung cancer was about twofold to tenfold in all except the screening cohort. Asbestos sprayers were at the highest risk of mesothelioma and lung cancer. Conclusion The SIR for mesothelioma is high in all of the cohorts that represent different kinds of asbestos exposure. The smaller SIR for mesothelioma in the screening cohort with lowest level of asbestos exposure might suggest dose-responsiveness between asbestos exposure and mesothelioma. It does seem that the highest risk of lung cancer in these cohorts except in the youngest of the cohorts, the screening cohort, is over. The highest SIR for lung cancer of the asbestosis patient and sprayers cohort is explained by their heavy asbestos exposure.
Methane Emission in Rice Paddy Under Different Fertilization Management: A Critical Review
( Pia Husna Israt ),백누리 ( Nuri Baek ),박현진 ( Hyun-jin Park ),최우정 ( Woo-jung Choi ) 한국농공학회 2022 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2022 No.-
Paddy rice fields are the most important sources of methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), and thus many studies investigated the effects of fertilization managements on CH<sub>4</sub> emission as well as rice yield. In this review, to suggest best fertilization management practices, we have collected area-scaled and yield-scaled CH<sub>4</sub> emission data from literature to investigate the effects of 1) fertilization regimes (chemical fertilizers and organic inputs), 2) fertilizer (urea, controlled-release urea, and ammonium sulfate) and organic inputs (composts of different source materials), and 3) the application rates of urea, which is most widely used chemical fertilizer, on CH<sub>4</sub> emission. Changes of % CH<sub>4</sub> emission in treatments (CH<sub>4</sub> index) relative to the control without nutrient inputs were calculated, and the % change was normalized by dividing with N application rate to calculate CH<sub>4</sub> index per unit N. Area-scaled CH<sub>4</sub> index per unit N was greater when both chemical fertilizers and organic inputs were co-applied than when either chemical fertilizers or organic inputs were applied; whereas yield-scaled CH<sub>4</sub> index per unit N was greatest for organic inputs only. These results indicate that application of organic inputs either alone or with chemical fertilizers increases CH<sub>4</sub> emission over chemical fertilizers alone. Chemical fertilizer types further affected CH<sub>4</sub> emission, i.e., CH<sub>4</sub> index per unit N decreased in the order of urea > controlled-release urea > ammonium sulfate, which suggests that ammonium sulfate has a lower CH<sub>4</sub> emission potential due to the ability of SO<sub>4</sub> <sup>2-</sup> to accept electron and thus reduce CH<sub>4</sub> production potential. Both area- and yield-scaled CH<sub>4</sub> indexes increased with the application rate of urea, and this should be ascribed to improved rice biomass by fertilization translate into increased CH<sub>4</sub> emission. Organic input types also affected CH<sub>4</sub> index per unit N, and a greater index was found for organic inputs with a higher C/N, probably due to increased application rates of organic inputs to supply sufficient N required by rice plants. Our data analysis suggests that application of chemical fertilizers (in particular ammonium sulfate) or organic inputs with a low C/N is a feasible measure to reduce CH<sub>4</sub> emission.
Effects of Bauhinia forficata Link Tea on Lipid Profile in Diabetic Patients
Pia Cordova Mariangel,Marcia Avello Lorca,Felipe Morales Leon,Pola Ferna´ndez Rocca,Lorenzo Villa Zapata,Edgar Pastene Navarrete 한국식품영양과학회 2019 Journal of medicinal food Vol.22 No.3
Twenty-five type 2 diabetic volunteer patients (mean age 62 years) were recruited in a quasi-experimental study without a control group to evaluate the effects of Bauhinia forficata Link tea on lipid profiles. Participants drank the tea of 0.4% B. forficata in 200 mL of water twice a day for 3 months. The clinical parameters evaluated were cholesterol and triglycerides (mg/dL), total cholesterol (mg/dL), weight (kg), postprandial glycemia (mg/dL), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). For the study period, statistically significant decreases in triglycerides and total cholesterol levels of 48 and 17 mg/dL, respectively, were observed. B. forficata tea as a complementary therapy in type 2 diabetic patients may help to reduce the levels of some lipid profile parameters. Further studies are suggested to evaluate the effect of the tea.
Pia Marie Albano,Christianne Salvador,Jose Orosa, III,Sheryl Racelis,Modesty Leaño,Angelika Michel,John Donnie Ramos,Dana Holzinger,Michael Pawlita 대한병리학회 2019 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.53 No.5
Background: The low prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA and mRNA in biopsy samples of Filipinos with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been reported previously. Here, the HPV serologic profiles of HNSCC cases were analyzed and associated with lifestyle and sexual practices. Methods: Serum samples were collected between May 2012 and September 2013 from HNSCC patients (n = 22) in the northwest region of the Philippines, and age- and sex-matched clinically healthy controls. Antibodies to capsid and early oncoproteins of HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58, 6, and 11 were analyzed using multiplex serology. Results: Most of the cases were males with tumors of the oral cavity or larynx. Two of the cases tested positive for at least one of the early oncoproteins (E6, E7, E1, and/or E2) of HPV16, and 11 did not display reactivity to any HPV early or late oncoproteins. Of the controls, four tested positive for at least one of the HPV16 early oncoproteins, and 10 were non-reactive to all HPV types. Titers to HPV16 E6 or E7 of the seropositive cases and controls were considerably lower than those typically observed in economically developed countries. Conclusions: The low HPV titers seen here are consistent with the results of molecular analyses for this population. Hence, the seropositivity of some of the HNSCC cases is likely an indication of prior exposure to the virus and not the presence of HPV-driven tumors.
Pia Adelie M. Mortel,Jeanette Angeline B. Madamba,Jewel Joanna S. Cabardo,Nohreen Ethel P. Manipol,Rachelle A. Mariano The International Academy of Global Business and T 2017 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.13 No.2
With agribusiness as one of the five priority areas of today’s government (Romualdez, 2017), identifying the competency needs of the industry and developing a matching workforce is important for development. However, few similar studies regarding agribusiness competencies have been done in a Philippine setting. Thus, this study provided insights on employer perceptions on relevant competencies and career readiness of entry-level college graduate employees participating in agribusiness/support institutions in Laguna, Philippines. Non-random sampling was conducted depending on the availability of employer-respondents. A list of agribusiness-related enterprises and support institutions was collated from primary data (list provided by local government units and site visits of select areas in the province of Laguna, Philippines) and secondary data (web searches and referrals). Out of the 94 contacted, a total of 51 employers in Laguna province (41 businesses and 10 institutions) participated in the study, primarily through self-administered questionnaires. Fifty-two entry-level employees in different job fields were grouped by degree and university for analysis. Twenty-two competencies derived by Miller et al. (2005) from previous studies were used for the evaluation. A Likert-scale was used to express an employer’s perceived level of importance, expectation, and performance for the competencies. Descriptive statistics such as median, quartile and interquartile ranges, cross-tabulations, chi-square test of association, and Cramer’s V for strength of association were used to analyze the given ratings. Findings revealed that communication-based competencies and technical competencies (agriculture/business-specific knowledges) remain the top relevant competencies in agribusiness. External factors are associated with the emergence of new competencies (such as globalization and computer technology-related skills) becoming increasingly important in agribusiness. Entry-level college graduates were mostly rated to be proficient and career ready; however, there are competencies such as negotiation (N-UPLB graduates with ABM degree) and interdependence of business functions (UPLB graduates with N-ABM degree) where further training is needed. Thus, students and professors of educational institutions may have to align their learning and teaching, respectively, in order to address lacking or underdeveloped competencies for better employability.