Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) regulates female reproduction via sex pheromone regulation without affecting larval development in Drosophila melanogaster

Phoebe B. Chen(Phoebe B. Chen),Lynnea Young(Lynnea Young),Ju Hyeon Kim(Ju Hyeon Kim),Weipeng Qi(Weipeng Qi),John M. Clark(John M. Clark),Yeonhwa Park(Yeonhwa Park) 한국축산식품학회 2020 Food and Life Vol.2020 No.1

Knowledge on the potential role of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on reproduction and development is currently limited. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to determine the effects of CLA on reproduction and development using the Drosophila model. In this study, adult and larva Drosophila melanogaster were fed fly food with 0.5% water (blank), CLA (50:50 of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomers in triglyceride form) or safflower oil (69% linoleic acid, LA, as control) to examine the effects of CLA on fecundity, sex pheromones, transcription level of oogenesis, larval body composition, and eclosion time. CLA-treated females had lowered brood size without changes in hatchability, along with decreased 7,11-heptacosadiene and 7,11-nonacosadiene, the principle female pheromones, when compared to LA and blank. Moreover, CLA reduced transcription level of lipid storage droplet-2 (lsd-2) compared to LA. CLA did not influence larval composition nor eclosion time. In conclusion, CLA inhibited reproduction capability in D. melanogaster in part via reduced fatty acid-derived signaling pheromone and oogenesis modulations. As key biological processes are conserved between humans and flies, knowledge from this research may provide valuable insight into reproduction and development responses to CLA.

Who Leaves and Who Returns to the Nest? Racial and Ethnic Differences in and Changes to Young Adult Living Arrangements

Phoebe Ho,Hyunjoon Park 한국사회학회 2018 한국사회학회 심포지움 논문집 Vol.2018 No.5

The Roles of Language in CLIL

Phoebe Siu 아시아영어교육학회 2017 The Journal of Asia TEFL Vol.14 No.1

Periorbital changes in patients with Poly(Lactic Acid/Caprolactone) threads for brow augmentation

Phoebe Kar Wai Lam,Wang Lung Luk 대한미용의학회 2020 대한미용의학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Background: Overlooked compensatory brow ptosis can lead to patients dissatisfaction and poor surgical results. Objective: To evaluate the quantitative changes in periorbital dimensions in 11 patients with mild to moderate brow ptosis after browlift with Poly(Lactic Acid/Caprolactone) (P[LA/CL]) sutures. Method: Retrospective analysis and data collected from reviewing clinical records, 11 patients, with mild to moderate brow ptosis, whom only has P(LA/CL) browlift, fulfilled the criteria and included in the analysis. All patients had 2-dimensional clinical photos and 3-dimensional clinical pictures in 5 standard views at baseline and follow-up. All periorbital measurements determined by the computer and collected for analysis. Results: There was a significant difference in all periorbital measurements at 4 to 6 months’ follow-up when compared with baseline (p<0.05). Moderate lifting refers to changes in brow height of at least 2 mm at follow-up. A higher proportion of patients with moderate brow lift were able to achieve moderate lifting compared with mild brow ptosis. Moderate lifting is observed in 30% to 60% medial brow and 45% to 60% lateral brow for patients with moderate brow ptosis compared with 25% in those with mild brow ptosis. Infection, significant bruising, or scarring did not occur. Transient side effects, such as bruising and dimpling, eventually resolved. Conclusion: Preoperative examination is vital to identify pre-existing compensatory brow ptosis. P(LA/CL) thread-lifting for brow augmentation is a simple and effective procedure which can be used as an adjunct to upper eyelid surgery to prevent secondary brow ptosis following eyelid surgery and in turn, improve patients’ satisfaction.

The Growing Gender Divide: Changing Perceptions of Gender Equality among the Youth in the United States

Phoebe W. Moon,Hannah June Kim 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2024 International Area Studies Review Vol.27 No.1

Outcome of mid- and lower face lifting using bidirectional cone sutures at 6 months and 1 year

Phoebe Kar Wai Lam,James Yui Lam,Alvin Kar Wai Lee,Clyde Wang Lung Luk,Paul Man Kei Tam,Cheuk Hung Lee 대한미용의학회 2021 대한미용의학회지 Vol.5 No.1

Soft tissue ptosis occurs with age, leading to loss of facial volume. The facial retaining ligamentous system is an intricate network of fibrous tissues connecting the whole face, restraining soft tissues from gravitational forces, and opposing facial movements. With proper positioning and anchorage within the ligamentous grid and superficial fat repositioning, lifting the mid-face and adjacent areas (e.g., jowl) is likely to occur. We aimed to determine whether inserting 3 pairs of bidirectional cone sutures can effectively improve the nasolabial fold (mid-face) and jowl (lower face) in Asian patients with mild to moderate mid-face laxity at 6 months and 12 months. Ten healthy volunteers with mild to moderate facial laxity received 3 pairs of bidirectional cone threads, inserted in a straight parallel technique. Based on validated evaluation parameters: facial laxity rating scale (FLRS) and the wrinkle severity rating scale, a total of 7 independent reviewers, among which 3 assessed the change in mid-face laxity (nasolabial fold), and the other 4 reviewers evaluated the change in jowl or lower face contour based on FLRS at 6 months and 12 months. All reviewers were experienced esthetic doctors. According to the reviewers’ evaluation based on the validated parameters, there was a linear improvement in the mid-face laxity/nasolabial fold and lower face laxity/jawline contour self-reporting patients’ satisfaction at 6 months and 12 months compared to baseline in all 10 patients. There was continuous improvement in mid-face laxity and lower face laxity from baseline, 6 months, and 12 months after treatment. The evaluation results among the reviewers were similar, apart from reviewer 7. All patients gave their best rating at 12 months, and their satisfaction almost doubled compared to that before treatment.

하와이를 가져간 억만장자들

Phoebe Liu,Monica Hunter-hart 중앙일보에스 2024 Forbes Korea = 포브스 코리아 Vol.2024 No.3

Early results of bidirectional cone sutures for mid-face lifting in Asian patients

Phoebe Kar Wai Lam,James Yui Lam,Edwin Kwan Chark Lau,Wang Lung Luk 대한미용의학회 2020 대한미용의학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Background: There are intrinsic difference facial aesthetics between Asian and Caucasian, as well as racial differences in beauty standards. Bi-directional cones threads are effective in mid-face lifting but there was yet no study in Asians. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects on mid-face laxity the effect size of using bidirectional cone suture for facelifting in Asian patients. Methods: In this prospective study, three pairs of bidirectional cone threads were used for mid-face lifting in 10 healthy volunteers with mild-to-moderate facial laxity. Results: The validated assessment parameters used in the study were the facial laxity rating scale (FLRS) to evaluate the severity of mid-face laxity and the wrinkle severity rating scale (WSRS) to assess the severity of the nasolabial fold (NLF). Overall, there was a substantial improvement in mid-face laxity and the NLF after thread lifting, supported by treatment effect size (Kendall W’s value: 0.96 and 0.85, respectively). Significant improvements for both mid-face laxity and NLF were observed in all patients by 3 months (p<0.05), with significant differences in FLRS (p=0.000) and WSRS (p=0.001). At each follow-up, all patients would complete a selfadministered questionnaire that included the subjective satisfaction rating scale. The results showed that patient satisfaction was substantially improved; the differences between baseline and the 6-week and 3-month follow-up were significant (p<0.05), and the treatment effect size was W=0.950 (p<0.05). All subjects tolerated the procedure well with transient and minimal side effects. Conclusion: In Asians with mild-to-moderate laxity, absorbable cones sutures produced considerable improvement in mid-face laxity and NLF within three months. The findings were consistent among the three reviewers and were statistically significant (p<0.05). Patient satisfaction was higher at the 6-week and 3-month follow-up compared to the baseline (p<0.05).

Mapping the interrelationships between self-concept, motivation and university experience among students of self-financing higher education institutions in Hong Kong

Phoebe Wong,Connie Mak,Peggy M. L. Ng,Jessie Zhao 서울대학교 교육연구소 2017 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.18 No.1

This study explores the interrelationships between self-concept, motivation and academic and social experience among students from self-financing higher education institutions in Hong Kong. Although prior studies have investigated different aspects of self that drive various types of motivation in students’ academic and social experience, most of them are related to publicly funded universities only. This study aims to extend our current understanding to the context of self-financing higher education, which is an alternative to students whose academic results are not good enough to secure tertiary placements at publicly funded universities. Using qualitative approach and the technique of friendship pair, 26 students from 12 self-financing higher education institutions in Hong Kong were recruited for semi-structured interviews. Data analysis revealed that participants constructed two dimensions of the self: the personal (i.e. the actual academic self, the possible academic self, the spiritual self and the extended self) and relational (i.e. the familial self and the social self) dimensions in the light of their university experience. The findings provide a better understanding of the contemporary university experience in relation to self and motivation among students studying at self-financing higher education institutions.

Twenty-four months long-term follow-up report on the effect of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid suspension suture in Asian with mild-moderate face laxity

Lam Phoebe Kar Wai,Fung Chi Pun,Lam James Yui,Luk Wang Lung,Lee Alvin Ka Wai,Lee Cheuk Hung,Tam Paul Man Kei,Lau Edwin Kwan Chark 대한미용의학회 2022 대한미용의학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Background: There was evidence of improvement in mid-face laxity using three pairs of suspension sutures in mid-face lifting in our early and mid-term follow-up. Objective: This 24-month prospective follow-up study aimed to determine the efficacy of mid-face lifting and lower jawline contouring using poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) sutures in Asian patients. Methods: Ten healthy volunteers received three pairs of 8-cones bidirectional cones sutures at the mid-face. One of the ten volunteers lost to follow-up, and all remaining patients followed up for 24 months. Our primary outcome measure is the change in the facial laxity rating scale (FLRS), an “improvement” defined as at least “one-grade change” in FLRS. Other assessment parameters include the severity of the nasolabial fold (NLF), assessed on the wrinkle severity rating scale (WSRS). The secondary outcome measures were the self-satisfaction rating scale (SSRS) and global aesthetic improvement scale (GAIS), rated by participants at each follow-up interval. Results: A linear improvement in the mid-face was observed almost immediately after treatment, with progressive improvement up to at least 12 months following the intervention and no deterioration by 24 months. This improvement was significant (p<0.05), and the differences between before and after treatment at each follow-up interval were large (Cohen’s d>0.8). Contour improvement for the lower face followed a similar trend, except for a delay in the observable differences at three months (Cohen’s d=0.29, 0.8 at six weeks and three months, respectively). The differences in the level of patient satisfaction were significant (p<0.05) from 6 weeks to 24 months, peaking between 12 and 18 months, based on both the GAIS and SSRS ratings. No observed complications. Conclusion: Mid-facing lifting in Asian patients with mild-to-moderate laxity is safe and effective with PLGA bidirectional cone sutures, with concurrent improvement in the lower face contour and elevated patient satisfaction over the 24-month follow-up period.