The Influence of IgE on Cultured Human Mast Cells

Pernille Munk Frandsen,Inge Jacoba Maria Kortekaas Krohn,Hans Jürgen Hoffmann,Peter Oluf Schiøtz 대한천식알레르기학회 2013 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.5 No.6

Purpose: The mast cell plays a pivotal role in the human immune response. Crosslinking of 2 IgE molecules bound to the high affinity IgE receptor(FcεRI) on the surface of the mast cell results in mast cell degranulation and the release of several proinflammatory mediators. Patients with type-I allergyhave increased levels of IgE in the blood compared to healthy individuals. Methods: In a 6-week culture system of stem cells to human mastcells we investigated the effect of the concentration of IgE. The mast cells were cultured with different concentrations of IgE for the last 10 days ofthe maturation period. It was observed how the IgE concentration affects the histamine release, FcεRI density on the mast cell surface and the concentrationof other mediators. Results: A clear correlation between IgE concentration in culture medium and the release of histamine upon activationwas observed. It showed a bell-shaped dose response curve, with maximal response around an IgE-concentration of 250 ng/mL. Furthermore,the sensitivity of the mast cells and surface density of FcεRI on mast cell surface was also influenced by the IgE concentration in the culture medium. Conclusions: IgE in the culture medium during the last 10 days of mast cell maturation influences the release of the preformed mediator histamineafter mast cell activation and the density of FcεRI on the mast cell surface. The release of the de novo synthetized mediator prostaglandin D2and the expression of chymase and tryptase are not influenced by IgE in culture medium.

The Polar High Molecular Weight Fraction of the Agaricus blazei Murill Extract, AndoSan™, Reduces the Activity of the Tumor-Associated Protease, Legumain, in RAW 264.7 Cells

Lise Berven,Pernille Karppinen,Geir Hetland,Anne Berit C. Samuelsen 한국식품영양과학회 2015 Journal of medicinal food Vol.18 No.4

AndoSan™ is an extract of Agaricus blazei Murill (AbM; 82.4%), Hericium erinaceum (14.7%), and Grifola frondosa (2.9%). The main ingredient of AndoSan, AbM, is rich in different forms of β-glucans. Since these exhibit potent antitumor activity and have immunomodulatory effects, the stimulatory effect of AndoSan on the production of different cytokines, chemokines, and leukocyte growth factors has predominantly been attributed to β-glucans. AndoSan has been claimed to consist of 90% carbohydrate, of which 2.8% is β-glucans, but in this study, we show that the carbohydrate content is only 2% of the dry weight, corresponding to 0.09% β-glucan per mL of AndoSan. Fractionation of AndoSan, followed by carbohydrate analysis and HPLC analysis revealed that most of the glucose was concentrated in the polar high molecularweight fraction of AndoSan (ethanol insoluble water extract [EIWE]-A) and that this extract was able to significantly inhibit the activity of the tumor-associated protease, legumain, in RAW 264.7 cells. Legumain is synthesized as a zymogen and undergoes pH-dependent autoactivation of the proform to reach an enzymatically active form. In this study, we demonstrate that both the polar and nonpolar AndoSan fractions are able to inhibit the autoactivation of prolegumain, and that the polar fractions of AndoSan are the most potent inhibitors of the active form of the enzyme.

Novel Algal Cell Wall Hydrolyzing Enzymes from Algae-associated Microbes

Peter STOUGAARD,Mikkel SCHULTZ-JOHANSEN,Pernille KJERSGAARD BECH,Line CHRisTIANSEN 한국생물공학회 2017 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.4

Three “DS” - Elements for Successful Weight Loss Outcomes: Role of Healthcare Professionals

( Dror Dicker ),( Assim A Alfadda ),( Pernille Auerbach ),( Ian D Caterson ),( Ada Cuevas ),( Jason Halford ),( Masato Iwabu ),( Jae-Heon Kang ),( Rita Nawar ),( Ricardo Arturo Reynoso Mendoza ),( Nic 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1

Aims: In people with obesity (PwO), body weight loss of ≥5% is generally considered to be clinically meaningful. Some PwO do receive treatment and guidance from healthcare professionals (HCPs), but there remains a substantial unmet medical outcomes and weight maintenance need. To identify aspects that might contribute to a successful weight loss outcome (WLO; ≥5% body weight loss maintained for ≥1 year), we investigated the characteristics and experience of PwO with and without successful WLOs using data from the ACTION-IO study (NCT03584191). Methods: An online survey was completed by adults with obesity and HCPs in 11 countries: Australia, Chile, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Spain, UAE and UK. A successful WLO was defined as ≥5% body weight loss in the past 3 years maintained for ≥1 year. Results: A total of 14,502 PwO completed the survey. General characteristics were similar between those who had a successful WLO (n=1,559; 11%) vs those who had not (n=12,943; 89%): 53% vs 52% were male; the mean age was 49 vs 48 years; the mean number of comorbidities was 2.0 vs 1.8. The mean number of serious weight loss attempts was 4 for both groups. However, more PwO who had a successful WLO weighed themselves every day (20%) compared with those who had not had a successful WLO (10%). In terms of interactions with HCPs, more PwO who had a successful WLO had discussed weight (58%) with an HCP within the past 5 years than those who did not have a successful WLO (53%). In addition, more PwO who had a successful WLO compared with those who did not had been diagnosed with obesity (42% vs 35%) and had subsequent direction through the scheduling of a follow-up appointment (25% vs 21%). Conclusions: A 3D approach from HCPs (diagnosis, discussion and direction) appears to be a key element in facilitating a successful WLO. Neither gender, nor age, nor number of weight loss attempts was associated with a successful WLO.

Tobacco Use in Bipolar Disorder

Daniel Thomson,MIchael Berk,Seetal Dodd,Marta Rapado-Castro,Shae E. Quirk,Pernille K. Ellegaard,Lesley Berk,Olivia M. Dean 대한정신약물학회 2015 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.13 No.1

Tobacco use in mental health in general and bipolar disorder in particular remains disproportionally common, despite declining smoking rates in the community. Furthermore, interactions between tobacco use and mental health have been shown, indicating the outcomes for those with mental health disorders are impacted by tobacco use. Factors need to be explored and addressed to improve outcomes for those with these disorders and target specific interventions for people with psychiatric illness to cease tobacco smoking. In the context of bipolar disorder, this review explores; the effects of tobacco smoking on symptoms, quality of life, suicidal behaviour, the biological interactions between tobacco use and bipolar disorder, the interactions between tobacco smoking and psychiatric medications, rates and factors surrounding tobacco smoking cessation in bipolar disorder and suggests potential directions for research and clinical translation. The importance of this review is to bring together the current understanding of tobacco use in bipolar disorder to highlight the need for specific intervention.

Mitral Annulus Calcification and Cardiac Conduction Disturbances: A DANCAVAS Sub-study

Jeppe Holm Rasmussen,Maise Hoeigaard Fredgart,Jes Sanddal Lindholt,Jens Brock Johansen,Niels Sandgaard,Abdulrahman Haj Yousef,Selma Hasific,Pernille Sønderskov,Flemming Hald Steffensen,Lars Frost,Jess 한국심초음파학회 2022 Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging (J Cardiovasc Im Vol.30 No.1

BACKGROUND: Due to its location very close to the bundle of His, mitral annulus calcification (MAC) might be associated with the development of atrioventricular (AV) conduction disturbances. This study assessed the association between MAC and AV conduction disturbances identified by cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) use and electrocardiographic parameters. The association between MAC and traditional cardiovascular risk factors was also assessed. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed 14,771 participants, predominantly men aged 60–75 years, from the population-based Danish Cardiovascular Screening trial. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors were obtained. Using cardiac non-contrast computed tomography imaging, MAC scores were measured using the Agatston method and divided into absent versus present and score categories. CIED implantation data were obtained from the Danish Pacemaker and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Register. A 12-lead electrocardiogram was available for 2,107 participants. Associations between MAC scores and AV conduction disturbances were assessed using multivariate regression analyses. RESULTS: MAC was present in 22.4% of the study subjects. Participants with pacemakers for an AV conduction disturbance had significantly higher MAC scores (odds ratio [OR], 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.23) than participants without a CIED, whereas participants with a CIED for other reasons did not. Prolonged QRS-interval was significantly associated with the presence of MAC (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.04–2.04), whereas prolonged PQ-interval was not. Female sex and most traditional cardiovascular risk factors were significantly associated with high MAC scores. CONCLUSIONS: MAC was associated with AV conduction disturbances, which could improve our understanding of the development of AV conduction disturbances.

T-type Ca(2+) channels facilitate NO-formation, vasodilatation and NO-mediated modulation of blood pressure.

Svenningsen, Per,Andersen, Kenneth,Thuesen, Anne D,Shin, Hee-Sup,Vanhoutte, Paul M,Skøtt, Ole,Jensen, Boye L,Hill, Caryl,Hansen, Pernille B L Springer-Verlag 2014 Pfl ugers Arch Vol.466 No.12

<P>Voltage-gated calcium channels are involved in the vascular excitation-contraction mechanism and regulation of arterial blood pressure. It was hypothesized that T-type channels promote formation of nitric oxide from the endothelium. The present experiments determine the involvement of T-type channels in depolarization-dependent dilatation of mesenteric arteries and blood pressure regulation in Cav3.1 knock-out mice. Nitric oxide-dependent vasodilatation following depolarization-mediated vasoconstriction was reduced significantly in mesenteric arteries from Cav3.1(-/-) compared to wild type mice. Four days of systemic infusion of a nitric oxide (NO)-synthase-inhibitor to conscious wild type elicited a significant increase in mean arterial blood pressure that was absent in Cav3.1(-/-) mice. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence labeling showed co-localization of Cav3.1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in arteries from wild type mice. Nitric oxide release measured as DAF fluorescence and cGMP levels were significantly lower in depolarized Cav3.1(-/-) compared to wild type arteries. In summary, the absence of T-type Cav3.1 channels attenuates NO-dependent dilatation in mesenteric arteries in vitro, as well as the hypertension after L-NAME infusion in vivo. Furthermore, Cav3.1 channels cluster with eNOS and promote formation of nitric oxide by the endothelium. The present findings suggest that this mechanism is important for the systemic impact of NO on peripheral resistance.</P>