Core prescription pattern of Chinese herbal medicine for depressive disorders in Taiwan: a nationwide population-based study

Diem Ngoc Hong Tran,I-Hsuan Hwang,Fun-Jou Chen,Yuan-Pu Tseng,Ching-Mao Chang,Shih-Jen Tsai,Jen-Lin Yang,Ta-Peng Wu,Chung-Hua Hsu,Fang-Pey Chen,Yen-Ying Kung 한국한의학연구원 2021 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.10 No.3

Background: Depressive disorders (DD) affect not only mood and behavior but also various physical functions. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been shown to have some benefits in treating DD. However, one formula or one single herb might be not show high efficacy when used to treat depression. Thus, this study aimed to examine the core prescription pattern of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) among patients with DD in Taiwan as a reference for related research and clinical applications. Methods: All patients, who had been diagnosed with major depressive disorder or minor depression or dysthymia without any other baseline diseases and had at least one CHM outpatient clinical visit from 2002 to 2011, were extracted from three randomly sampled cohorts, namely the 2000, 2005 and 2010 cohorts of the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan. The collected data was analyzed to explore the patterns of herbal products. Results: There were 197,146 patients with a diagnosis of DD and of these 1806 subjects had only a diagnosis of DD and utilized CHM. The most common formula was Gan-Mai-Da-Zao-Tang (12.19%), while Suan-Zao-Ren (3.99%) was the most commonly prescribed single herb. The core pattern of prescriptions consisted of a combination of Gan-Mai-Da-Zao-Tang, Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San, Chai-Hu-Jia-Long-Gu-Mu-Li-Tang, He-Huan-Pi, Yuan-Zhi and Shi-Chang-Pu. Conclusions: This study describes the CHM core prescription pattern used to treat patients in Taiwan with DD and it is a potential candidate for study in future pharmacological or clinical trials targeting DD.

Awaiting the Handshake

Yuan Peng 동아시아재단 2011 Global Asia Vol.6 No.2

Geochemistry of Late Carboniferous sedimentary rocks from the Zongwulong structural belt and adjacent areas, Qaidam Basin, China: implications for provenance and tectonic setting

Yuan Peng,Yongsheng Zhang,Jiaopeng Sun,Enyuan Xing,Huatai Yu 한국지질과학협의회 2018 Geosciences Journal Vol.22 No.2

This paper documents the geochemistry of clastic sedimentary rocks from the Upper Carboniferous Zongwulong Group in the Zongwulong structural belt of the Qaidam Basin, NW China, in order to trace the sources of the sediments and to understand their tectonic settings at the time of deposition of the Zongwulong Group. Although the major elements differ among different samples, their low mean chemical index of alteration mean CIA = 51.04–64.79), plagioclase index of alteration (mean PIA = 51.41–69.54), and relatively high mean index of compositional variability (mean ICV = 1.18–1.56) indicate relatively low maturity and weak to moderate chemical weathering of their source. The Zr/Sc-Th/Sc diagram and relatively high mean ICV suggest that all sediments of Zongwulong Group have undergone no significant sediment recycling. All samples yield relatively high Al2O3/TiO2 ratios (16–27), strong LREE/HREE differentiation (mean LaN/YbN = 10.83–12.66), and obvious negative Eu anomalies (mean Eu/Eu* = 0.61–0.79). Combined with characteristic ratios (La/Sc, Th/Sc, Cr/Th, and Th/Co) and the provenance discriminant diagrams (Al2O3-(CaO* + Na2O)-K2O and Ni-TiO2), these results indicate felsic source rocks. Combined with the findings of previous studies, the representative values (La, Ce, ΣREE, V, Rb/Sr, Eu/Eu*, La/Sc, Th/Sc, and Zr/Th) and tectonic setting discriminants (SiO2-K2O/Na2O, Fe2O3 + MgO-Al2O3/SiO2, La/Sc-Ti/Zr, and Th-Sc-Zr/10) indicate that the Zongwulong Group sediments were deposited in a back-arc extensional basin behind the active continental margin-continental island arc tectonic setting.

SOFTWARE PERFORMANCE TESTING BASED ON LINUX KERNEL

Yuan Yuan Li,Peng Xiao,Huimin Meng 한국멀티미디어학회 2006 한국멀티미디어학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2006 No.-

Linux has created a huge new playing field for enterprises, academia, and governments. But lack and instability of applications have stopped many users from strategic, wholesale migrations to Linux. With more and more applications running on Linux system, for example mozilla fire fox, openoffice, GCC, etc. the software performance testing is becoming important on Linux platform. The kernel of an operating system has a significant impact on the overall performance of a computer system [1]. To test a software performance based on system kernel can give us a unique insight into the software, provide us useful information in determining the bottlenecks and weaknesses of the software, and thus enable us to improve it. This paper discusses the methodologies of software performance testing based on Linux kernel, which include design workload, get system parameter, time measurement and CPU utilized. We have done experiments on a computer running Linux; experiment results show that the methodologies of software performance testing based on Linux kernel is completely realizable and efficacious. Even though this paper is not intended to provide a comprehensive software test suite, the methodologies presented here can be extended to build such programs.

Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Dual-responsive Amphiphilic Block Copolymers and Drug Release Studies

Peng Chen,Ya-Peng Li,Shu-Wei Wang,Xin-Lei Meng,Ming Zhu,Jing-Yuan Wang 대한화학회 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.6

Dual-responsive amphiphilic block copolymers were synthesized by combining enzymatic ring-opening polymerization (eROP) of ε-caprolactone (CL) and ATRP of N,N-dimethylamino-2-ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA). The obtained block copolymers were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), 1H NMR and FTIR-IR. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of copolymer was determined by fluorescence spectra, it can be found that with hydrophilic block (PDMAEMA) increasing, CMC value of the polymer sample increased accordingly, and the CMC value was 0.012 mg/mL, 0.025 mg/mL and 0.037 mg/ mL for PCL50-b-PDMAEMA68, PCL50-b-PDMAEMA89, PCL50-b-PDMAEMA112, PCL50-b-PDMAEMA89 was chosen as drug carrier to study in vitro release profile of anti-cancer drug (taxol). The temperature and pH dependence of the values of hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) of micelles, and self-assembly of the resulting block copolymers in water were evaluated by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The result showed that with the temperature increasing and pH decreasing, the Dh decreased. Drug-loaded nanoparticles were fabricated using paclitaxel as model. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) had been explored to study the morphology of the hollow micelles and the nanoparticles, revealing well-dispersed spheres with the average diameters both around 80 nm. In vitro release kinetics of paclitaxel from the nanoparticles was also investigated in different conditions (pH and temperature, etc.), revealing that the drug release was triggered by temperature changes upon the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at pH 7.4, and at 37 °C by an increase of pH.

H-형태 양친매성 펜타블록 공중합체의 화학효소적 합성과 자기회합거동 평가

Peng Chen,Ya Peng Li,Can Jin Li,Xin Lei Meng,Bao Zhang,Ming Zhu,Yan-jing Liu,Jing Yuan Wang 한국고분자학회 2013 폴리머 Vol.37 No.3

H-shaped amphiphilic pentablock copolymers (PSt)2-b-PCL-b-PEO-b-PCL-b-(PSt)2 was synthesized via chemoenzymatic method by combining enzyme-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization (eROP) of ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene. By this process, we obtained copolymers with controlled molecular weight and low polydispersity. The structure and composition of the obtained copolymers were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and infrared spectroscopy analysis (IR). The crystallization behavior of the copolymers was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The crystallization behavior of the H-shaped block copolymers demonstrated a PCL dominate crystallization. The self-assembly behavior of the copolymers was investigated in aqueous media. The hydrodynamic diameters of the copolymer micelles in aqueous solution were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The morphology of the copolymer micelles was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The hydrodynamic diameters of spherical micelles declined gradually with the increase of the hydrophobic chain lengths of the copolymers. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) values were determined from fluorescence emission, and it was found that the CMCs decreased with an increase of PSt hydrophobic block lengths.

The Entrainment Effect of a Debris Avalanche on the Erodible Substrate in the Presence of Water Flow

Peng-yuan Lu,Xing-guo Yang,Jia-wen Zhou 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.22 No.1

Debris avalanches generally entrain the erodible deposits on their runout path, which can greatly influence their movement process, particularly in the presence of water flow. To study the entrainment effect of debris avalanches, physical modeling experiments were conducted that considered the impact of hopper elevation, the grain size of substrate materials and water flow. The experiment results indicate that the materials entrained by a debris avalanche increase with an increase in elevation of the hopper and particle size of the substrate materials in the rear region of the substrate. The presence of water flow can magnify the entrainment effect and enhance the mobility of the debris avalanche. However, the effect of water flow on the entrainment effect is significantly related to the grain size of the deposits. With a decrease in grain size, a water stream is easier to generate, which can cause intense scouring of the substrate materials and enhance the mobility of the mixed flow of debris and entrained deposits, ultimately leading to a greater affected area.

A Study on Channel Compensation for OFDM/OQAM System over Time and Frequency Selective Fading Channel

Peng Yuan(원붕),Jae Kil Kim(김재길),Gye Seok Gwak(곽계석),Jae Min Ahn(안재민) 한국통신학회 2014 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.1

Back-channel-etched InGaZnO thin-film transistors with Au nanoparticles on the back channel surface

Peng Xiao,Wenfeng Wang,Yingyi Ye,Ting Dong,Shengjin Yuan,Jiaxing Deng,Li Zhang,Jianwen Chen,Jian Yuan 대한금속·재료학회 2020 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.16 No.2

In this paper, Au nanoparticles (NPs) were introduced on the surface of oxide thin fi lm to enhance the etching resistance of thethin fi lm, and back-channel-etched (BCE) InGaZnO (IGZO) thin fi lm transistors (TFTs) with Au NPs on the back channel surfacewere successfully fabricated. Detailed studies showed that the etching resistance of IGZO thin fi lms was enhanced signifi cantly byintroducing Au NPs on IGZO thin fi lms, and the etching resistance was enhanced with the increase of Au NPs thickness. Furthermore,Au NPs deposited by vaccum evaporation were uniformly dispersed on the IGZO surface other than forming a continuousthin fi lm. By introducing the Au NPs on the IGZO surface, we successfully patterned the S/D electrodes on Au NPs/IGZO andfabricated BCE TFTs. The IGZO-TFTs with 5-nm-thick Au NPs on the back channel surface exhibited excellent electrical characteristicwith a μ sat of 9.9 cm 2 /V s, a SS of 0.26 V/decade, a V on of 0.23 V, an I on/off of 10 6 and an off -state current of 10 −11 A. Inaddition, the introduction of Au NPs did not lead to an increase in the off -state current, which was mainly ascribed to the Schottkybarrier between Au NPs and IGZO due to the high work function of Au. It is a universal method to fabricate BCE TFTs with highelectrical performance, because it was not limited to the types of oxide materials and had no special requirements for equipment.

Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Dual-responsive Amphiphilic Block Copolymers and Drug Release Studies

Chen, Peng,Li, Ya-Peng,Wang, Shu-Wei,Meng, Xin-Lei,Zhu, Ming,Wang, Jing-Yuan Korean Chemical Society 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.6

Dual-responsive amphiphilic block copolymers were synthesized by combining enzymatic ring-opening polymerization (eROP) of ${\varepsilon}$-caprolactone (CL) and ATRP of N,N-dimethylamino-2-ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA). The obtained block copolymers were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), $^1H$ NMR and FTIR-IR. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of copolymer was determined by fluorescence spectra, it can be found that with hydrophilic block (PDMAEMA) increasing, CMC value of the polymer sample increased accordingly, and the CMC value was 0.012 mg/mL, 0.025 mg/mL and 0.037 mg/mL for $PCL_{50}$-b-$PDMAEMA_{68}$, $PCL_{50}$-b-$PDMAEMA_{89}$, $PCL_{50}$-b-$PDMAEMA_{112}$, $PCL_{50}$-b-$PDMAEMA_{89}$ was chosen as drug carrier to study in vitro release profile of anti-cancer drug (taxol). The temperature and pH dependence of the values of hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) of micelles, and self-assembly of the resulting block copolymers in water were evaluated by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The result showed that with the temperature increasing and pH decreasing, the Dh decreased. Drug-loaded nanoparticles were fabricated using paclitaxel as model. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) had been explored to study the morphology of the hollow micelles and the nanoparticles, revealing well-dispersed spheres with the average diameters both around 80 nm. In vitro release kinetics of paclitaxel from the nanoparticles was also investigated in different conditions (pH and temperature, etc.), revealing that the drug release was triggered by temperature changes upon the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at pH 7.4, and at $37^{\circ}C$ by an increase of pH.