태국인 학습자의 한국어 말하기 불안 분석 연구

( Patee Isariya ),( Samipak Wissuta ) 이중언어학회 2021 이중언어학 Vol.85 No.-

This study explores the anxiety that Thai learners of Korean language encounter when speaking Korean by identifying the different factors that lead to Korean speaking anxiety in Thai learners with low-level, intermediate-level and high-level Korean proficiency. The factors are categorized into five types; communication apprehension, fear of teacher evaluation, fear of peer evaluation, anxiety related to practicing methods, and anxiety in Korean speaking class. After conducting a survey on 140 Thai learners of Korean language, the result suggests that low-level learners are not much affected by anxiety related to practicing methods, but rather significantly affected by communication apprehension, and highly affected by fear of teacher evaluation, peer evaluation and anxiety in Korean speaking class. On the other hand, the intermediate and high-level learners were found to have a high level of communication apprehension, but they are not much affected by fear of teacher evaluation, peer evaluation, anxiety related to practicing methods, and anxiety in Korean speaking class. Moreover, this study also measured the level of anxiety in each question that is related to each of the five factors. The findings substantiate the types of anxiety factors that really affected Thai learners of Korean language and suggest that these factors must be handled so that the anxiety of the learners will subside. (Ewha Womans University)

원자력의 정보 공유와 공개 역할

T. Pate Zack 한국원자력산업회의 2001 원자력산업 Vol.21 No.3

태국어 모어 화자 및 한국어 모어 화자의 응결 장치 사용 비교 연구 -문어 설명 담화를 중심으로-

( Isariya Patee ),( Chanamas Phengsomboon ) 국제한국어교육학회 2020 국제한국어교육학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2020 No.-

Magnetic uniaxial alignment of the columnar superstructure of discotic metallomesogens over the centimetre length scale

Lee, Ji-Hwan,Choi, Sung-Min,Pate, Brian D.,Chisholm, Malcolm H.,Han, Young-Soo Royal Society of Chemistry 2006 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.16 No.27

<P>The uniaxial alignments of the columnar superstructure of discotic metallomesogens, cobalt octa(<I>n</I>-dodecylthio)porphyrazine (CoS12), over the centimetre length scale have been achieved by spinning samples under a static magnetic field. The orientations of the columnar superstructures were investigated by small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). Upon cooling from the isotropic phase to the columnar mesophase in the presence of a static magnetic field (0.4–1.1 T), CoS12 formed oriented columnar superstructures with the columnar directors being isotropically distributed in the plane normal to the external magnetic field. When the samples were continuously spun during cooling in a static applied magnetic field of 1.0 T, CoS12 was observed to form uniaxially aligned columnar superstructures with the columnar domain directors being parallel to the rotation axis which was normal to the external field. The optimal rotation speed for the alignment was found to be as low as 5–10 rpm, where the full width at half maximum of the domain director distribution is minimized. The uniaxial alignments were achieved over a macroscopic length scale (<I>ca.</I> 1 cm). Cryo-TEM measurements revealed that the persistence length of the uniaxially aligned columns was at least 1 µm.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>The uniaxial alignments of the columnar superstructure of discotic metallomesogens over the centimetre length scale have been achieved by spinning samples under a static magnetic field upon cooling from the isotropic phase to the columnar mesophase. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b603902b'> </P>

Associations Between Screen-Based Sedentary Behavior and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Korean Youth

변원우,Marsha Dowda,Russell R. Pate 대한의학회 2012 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.27 No.4

The purposes of this study were to: 1) describe the patterns of screen-based sedentary behaviors, and 2) examine the association between screen-based sedentary behavior and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in representative Korean children and adolescents,aged 12 to 18 yr, in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Screenbased sedentary behavior was measured using self-report questionnaires that included items for time spent watching TV and playing PC/video games. Physical activity was measured using items for frequency and duration of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). CVD risk factors such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were measured. Boys spent more time playing PC/video games, and girls spent more time watching TV. After adjusting for age, gender,annual household income, and MVPA, an additional hour of watching TV was significantly associated with the risk of overweight (OR 1.17 [95% CI 1.03-1.33]), high abdominal adiposity (OR 1.27 [1.06-1.51]), and low HDL cholesterol (OR 1.27 [1.10-1.47]). An additional hour spent playing PC/video games also increased the risk of high abdominal adiposity (OR 1.20 [1.03-1.40]). Prospective observations and interventions are needed to determine causal relationships between screen-based sedentary behavior and CVD risk profiles in Korean youth.

Negative and Positive Anisotropic Thermal Expansions in a Hexagonally Packed Columnar Discotic Liquid Crystal Thin Film

Kim, Hyo-Sik,Choi, Sung-Min,Pate, Brian D.,Kang, Shin-Hyun,Sim, Jun-Bo,Lee, Jun-Ki American Chemical Society 2015 Chemistry of materials Vol.27 No.9

<P>The negative thermal expansion showing contraction of unit cell dimensions on heating is an unusual phenomenon which is rarely observed in organic materials. Here we report that a highly aligned hexagonal columnar liquid crystalline phase of discotic liquid crystal, cobalt octakis(<I>n</I>-decylthio)porphyrazine (CoS10), in thin films shows negative thermal expansion in the transverse plane and positive thermal expansion along the column axis. This exceptional thermal expansion behavior of CoS10 at the hexagonal columnar liquid crystalline phase was understood as the synergetic effect of the increased vibrational motion of <I>n</I>-alkyl side chains perpendicular to the chain axes and the increased tilting of the cores with temperature.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/cmatex/2015/cmatex.2015.27.issue-9/acs.chemmater.5b00720/production/images/medium/cm-2015-007204_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cm5b00720'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

An experimental performance analysis of a cold region stationary photovoltaic system

Choi, Wongyu,Warren, Ryan D.,Pate, Michael B. Techno-Press 2016 Advances in energy research Vol.4 No.1

A grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system comprised of multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) modules was installed in a cold climate region in the U.S. This roof-mounted stationary PV system is a real-world application of PV for building energy generation in International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) Climate Zone 5 (and possibly similar climate zones such as 6, 7 and 8), and it served the purposes of research, demonstration, and education. The importance of this work is highlighted by the fact that there has been less emphasis on solar PV system in this region of the U.S. because of climate and latitude challenges. The system is equipped with an extensive data acquisition system capable of collecting performance and meteorological data while visually displaying real-time and historical data through an interactive online interface. Experimental data was collected and analyzed for the system over a one-year period with the focus of the study being on measurements of power production, energy generation, and efficiency. The annual average daily solar insolation incident upon the array was found to be $4.37kWh/m^2$. During the first year of operation, the PV system provided 5,801 kWh (1,264 kWh/kWp) of usable AC electrical energy, and it was found to operate at an annual average conversion efficiency and PR of 10.6 percent and 0.79, respectively. The annual average DC to AC conversion efficiency of the inverter was found to be 94 percent.

Effect of Film Thickness on the Columnar Packing Structures of Discotic Supramolecules in Thin Films

Kim, Hyo-Sik,Choi, Sung-Min,Pate, Brian D.,Park, Po Gyu WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 CHEMPHYSCHEM -WEINHEIM- Vol.10 No.15

<P>The effects of film thickness on the columnar packing structure of discotic supramolecules in a thin supported film have been investigated by grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering technique using magnetically aligned cobalt octa(n-decylthio)porphyrazine (CoS10) films on octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS)-functionalized substrates as model systems. Magnetically aligned CoS10 films with a range of film thicknesses (49–845 nm) form uniaxially oriented ‘edge-on’ columnar superstructures with their columnar directors perpendicular to the applied magnetic field. However, the orientational ordering of the columnar packing in the plane perpendicular to the applied magnetic field is strongly dependent on the film thickness. While being damped by the elasticity of the side chains of CoS10, the strong interfacial interaction at the film-substrate interface propagates up to 50–100 nm from the substrate, maintaining the orientation of columnar packing in the plane perpendicular to the applied magnetic field. When the distance from the film-substrate interface becomes larger than about 100 nm, symmetric tilting of columnar layer orientation, which saturates at 11.5°, occurs due to longitudinal edge dislocations induced by accumulated elastic deformation.</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Tilted alignment: Thin films (<100 nm) composed of uniaxially aligned columnar layers of a discotic mesogen on octadecyltrichlorosilane-functionalized solid substrates show undistorted two-dimensional columnar rectangular structures (see figure). In thicker films, symmetric tilting of the columnar layer orientation occurs as a result of longitudinal edge dislocations induced by accumulated elastic deformation. <img src='wiley_img/14394235-2009-10-15-CPHC200900464-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/14394235-2009-10-15-CPHC200900464-content'> </P>

Epithelial Cell Mitochondrial Dysfunction and PINK1 Are Induced by Transforming Growth Factor- Beta1 in Pulmonary Fibrosis

( Kwang Min Lee ),( Jung Jin Hwang ),( Avignat S. Pate ),( Danielle Morse ),( Jin Woo Song ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2015 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.120 No.-

RATIONALE: The PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), a mitochondria-targeted serine-threonine kinase, functions as a critical regulator of mitochondrial quality control. PINK1 regulates mitophagy, the specific autophagic elimination of mitochondria. The functions of PINK1 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have not yet been elucidated.Methods: Human lung epithelial (Beas-2B) cells and primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells were treated with various concentrations of TGF-b1. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured in cells by MitoSOX staining. Mitochondrial membrane potential was determined in cells stained with JC-1 assay. Cell death was determined by Annexin V/PI staining for flow cytometry. Human tissues were obtained from the Lung Tissue Research Consortium (LTRC). Results: TGFb-1 treatment increased mitochondrial ROS production, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in Beas-2B cells. PINK1 accumulated in TGFb-1-treated Beas-2B and HBE cells. Genetic interference of PINK1 mediated by small interfering RNA (siRNA) exaggerated TGFb-1 induced epithelial cell death relative to transfection with control siRNA. Immunohistochemical staining revealed increased expression of PINK1 in human IPF lung relative to never smoker (control) tissue. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that TGFb-1 impaired mitochondrial function and stabilized PINK1. Furthermore, our data suggests that PINK1 exerts beneficial effects on cell viability. Mitophagic processes may be implicated as a potential therapeutic target in IPF.

TP-17 : Thematic Poster ; Retinoid-related Orphan Receptor-alpha (RORa) Promotes Autophagy

( Jin Woo Song ),( Chang Hyoek An ),( Ying Shi ),( Jiaofei Cao ),( Avignat Pate ),( A. M. K. Choi ),( Danielle Morse ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2013 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.116 No.-

Rationale: Retinoid-related orphan receptor-alpha (RORa) is expressed at high levels in the lungs of patients with COPD. We investigate the role of RORa in promoting autophagy, a recently described pathogenic mechanism for the promotion of emphysema. Methods: Western blot was used to assess protein expression in cells and lung tissue. Co-immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy were used to evaluate RORa-p53 interactions. A RORa expression plasmid was used to induce autophagy in vitro. Results: In response to cigarette smoke extract (CSE), RORa deficient cells exhibit fewer autophagosomes, lower levels of LC3II, lower levels of autophagic flux and higher levels of p62 than control cells. Conversely, overexpression of RORa in vitro induces markers of autophagy independent of other stimuli. RORa expression is not induced by rapamycin treatment, and pS6 levels are unaffected by the absence of RORa. RORa co-immunoprecipitates with p53 and localizes to the nucleus with p53. A p53 reporter shows marked downregulation of p53 transcription activity in RORa null cells following treatment with CSE. DRAM, a p53-induced modulator of autophagy, is expressed at significantly lower levels in RORa null cells compared with wild type cells. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that RORa promotes autophagy and that autophagy is impaired in the absence of RORa. This occurs via non-mTORC1 dependent mechanisms, most likely by induction of the p53-induced modulator of autophagy, DRAM. Rationale: Retinoid-related orphan receptor-alpha (RORa) is expressed at high levels in the lungs of patients with COPD. We investigate the role of RORa in promoting autophagy, a recently described pathogenic mechanism for the promotion of emphysema. Methods: Western blot was used to assess protein expression in cells and lung tissue. Co-immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy were used to evaluate RORa-p53 interactions. A RORa expression plasmid was used to induce autophagy in vitro. Results: In response to cigarette smoke extract (CSE), RORa deficient cells exhibit fewer autophagosomes, lower levels of LC3II, lower levels of autophagic flux and higher levels of p62 than control cells. Conversely, overexpression of RORa in vitro induces markers of autophagy independent of other stimuli. RORa expression is not induced by rapamycin treatment, and pS6 levels are unaffected by the absence of RORa. RORa co-immunoprecipitates with p53 and localizes to the nucleus with p53. A p53 reporter shows marked downregulation of p53 transcription activity in RORa null cells following treatment with CSE. DRAM, a p53-induced modulator of autophagy, is expressed at significantly lower levels in RORa null cells compared with wild type cells. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that RORa promotes autophagy and that autophagy is impaired in the absence of RORa. This occurs via non-mTORC1 dependent mechanisms, most likely by induction of the p53-induced modulator of autophagy, DRAM.