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Youngjin Park,Michael J Adang 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.04
Cry3 toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis are used as biopesticides and the transgenic crops to control of leaf-feeding beetles. Cadherin in insect midgut epithelium is identified as receptor for Cry toxins in several insects and some domains of it synergizes Cry toxicity. Cadherin (DvCad1-CR8-10) fragment of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera enhanced Cry3Bb toxicity to Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata. Single cadherin repeat (CR) fragment of DvCad1-CR8-10, have a strong binding affinity to the active Cry3Bb toxin. The dissociation constant Kd value of CR8, CR9, and CR10 were 4.9 nM, 28.2 nM, and 4.6 nM, respectively. Interestingly, CR8 and CR10 enhanced Cry3Bb toxicity against CPB and Lesser mealworm (LMW), Alphitobius diaperinus, neonates in up to 2-folds. The DvCad1-CR10 peptide is further analyzed by in-frame deletion to determine the active site for Cry3Bb toxin. The active site is narrowed down to a 26 amino acid locating in the N-terminal region of DvCad1-CR10 that either synergized Cry3Bb toxicity on the CPB and LMW neonates in 3-folds or bound to the toxin with high affinity. The extent of Cry3Bb toxin enhancement by the activie site in DvCad1-CR10 may have practical application for control of CPB and LMW.
Rapid cold hardening of Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae).
Park, Youngjin,Kim, Kwangho,Kim, Yonggyun Entomological Society of America 2014 Environmental entomology Vol.43 No.4
<P>Cold tolerance of the palm thrips, Thrips palmi Karny, was investigated to predict its survival in field during winter. Supercooling points of T. palmi were varied among the developmental stages and ranged from -26.4 to -18.4C. However, the cold injuries occurred above supercooling points in terms of higher mortality. The exposure to subzero temperatures (-5 to -15C) resulted in significant mortalities to all developmental stages of T. palmi. A preexposure to a low temperature (4C) for 7 h significantly increased the cold tolerance of all stages of T. palmi with respect to survival at -10C and supercooling capacity. The rapid cold hardening (RCH) was dependent on the duration of the preexposure period at 4C in adult stage. Polyol and sugar analysis using an high-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that 4C preexposure caused accumulation of glycerol, trehalose, mannitol, and mannose in the adults. The increase in trehalose levels was more significant than the others. This study suggests that all stages of T. palmi are able to become cold-hardy by RCH, in which several polyols and sugars may play crucial roles as cryoprotectants.</P>
Youngjin Park,Mujin Kim,Janghyeok Yoon 대한산업공학회 2016 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.15 No.2
In a product environment where various product-service systems (PSSs) are already being provided, the provision of a different type of PSS is difficult for second movers but necessary for their sustainability and differentiation. Despite the importance of providing distinguishing PSSs to market, prior PSS studies have not effectively considered the influence of existing PSSs in their methods. In response, we suggest an approach to generate new PSS concepts by employing general needs (GNs) and business system evolution patterns (BSEPs). Our approach 1) identifies customer GNs fulfilled by existing PSSs, 2) generates advanced PSS ideas from an evolutionary perspective by mapping the existing PSSs onto BSEPs, and 3) selects PSS ideas that can meet the unfulfilled or insufficiently considered GNs using a GN-PSS linking matrix, thereby generating new PSS concepts based on the selected ideas. The workings and practicability of this approach are illustrated using a PSS case study of furniture industry. This approach would provide PSS planners with an ability to generate the differentiated PSS concepts that handle the customer needs that have been untapped throughout a product’s lifecycle. In addition, this approach as a module will have a synergetic effect when incorporated with other PSS methodologies.
Youngjin Park,최용화,Yonggyun Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2005 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.8 No.2
Entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae, carries the symbiotic bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila, and enter host insect hemocoel. In the infected host, nematodes release the bacteria, which in turn cause lethal hemolymph septicemia. This study was designed to test a hypothesis that hemolymph septicemia of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, is triggered by X. nematophila through a programmed cell death (= apoptosis) of the hemocytes. Morphological changes of the hemocytes after the bacterial infection were similar to cell changes undergoing a typical apoptosis. At 4-8 h post-infection, the cell membrane blebbing and apoptotic vesicles were observed and the nuclear membrane was broken apart. At 12 h post- infection, the overall cell shape was lost externally and nuclear condensation was evident internally, where genomic DNA was fragmented into small pieces. Proportion of apoptotic hemocytes increased with post- infection time and reached a maximum level when the hemocytes were in complete septicemia. Increase of FAD-glucose dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.10) activity preceded initial hemocyte apoptosis after the bacterial infection. The infected plasma or the culture broth of X. nematophila contained apoptosis-inducing factors. The apoptosis factors were extracted into organic fraction and turned out to be relatively high hydrophobic chemical nature after further fractionation assay. These results indicate that X. nematophila induces hemocyte apoptosis by its secretory material(s), which lead to hemolymph septicemia and immunodepression of the target insect hosts.