Synthesis of Some New Biologically Active Benzothiazole Derivatives Containing Benzimidazole and Imidazoline Moieties

Chaudhary, Manish,Pareek, Deepak,Pareek, Pawan K.,Kant, Ravi,Ojha, Krishan G.,Pareek, Arun Korean Chemical Society 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.1

Synthesis of N-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-substituted-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amines and 6-substituted-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amines by the reaction of substituted 2-aminobenzothiazoles with carbon disulphide and methyl iodide followed by the reaction with o-phenylene diamine/ethylene diamine are reported. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra and $^1H$ NMR spectral studies. The potent antibacterial and entomological (antifeedant, acaricidal, contact toxicity and stomach toxicity) activities of the synthesized compounds were investigated.

Synthesis of Some New Biologically Active Benzothiazole Derivatives Containing Benzimidazole and Imidazoline Moieties

Manish Chaudhary,Deepak Pareek,Pawan K. Pareek,Ravi Kant,Krishan G Ojha,Arun Pareek 대한화학회 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.1

Synthesis of N-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-substituted-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amines and 6-substituted-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amines by the reaction of substituted 2-aminobenzothiazoles with carbon disulphide and methyl iodide followed by the reaction with o-phenylene diamine/ethylene diamine are reported. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra and ^1H NMR spectral studies. The potent antibacterial and entomological (antifeedant, acaricidal, contact toxicity and stomach toxicity) activities of the synthesized compounds were investigated.

Diminishing Procedural Boundaries in International Arbitration

Pareek, Abha The Korean Association of Arbitration Studies 2013 중재연구 Vol.23 No.4

The surge of cross border trade and transactions has seen international arbitration fast emerging as the preferred mode of dispute resolution. This phenomenon is especially remarkable in the Asian region. The Singapore International Arbitration Centre ("SIAC") aspires to contribute to this growth as one of the leading arbitral institutions. The objective of this article is to provide an insight into the key features of SIAC Rules. This article has been divided into two parts; the first part discusses how the SIAC Rules are helpful in building bridges in international arbitration between the common law and civil law systems. We have attempted to throw light on how the SIAC Rules may be tailored by the parties to bring about a harmonization in the common law and civil law practices in the conduct of the arbitration proceedings. In the second part of the article, we discuss the two most popular procedures introduced in the SIAC Rules in 2010 i.e. 'Emergency Arbitration' and 'Expedited procedures'. The emergency arbitration provisions enable a party to obtain order(s)/award for urgent interim relief(s) upon commencement of arbitral proceedings but pending the constitution of the main Tribunal. The expedited Procedure provisions give parties the option of having their disputes determined in six (6) months from the date of the constitution of the tribunal.

Stabilizing effect in nano-titania functionalized CdS photoanode for sustained hydrogen generation

Pareek, A.,Purbia, R.,Paik, P.,Hebalkar, N.Y.,Kim, H.G.,Borse, P.H. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2014 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.39 No.9

Efficient and stable photoanode has been fabricated by the surface functionalization of the nanostructured film. For this, the surface of spray deposited CdS thin film was modified through bi-functional molecule mediated chemisorption of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles (NP). Consequently, a systematic control over efficiency and photoanode stability against corrosion has been investigated. An in-depth quantitative analysis of the photocorrosion of these photoanodes is further studied using chronoamperometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and induced coupled plasma spectroscopy. TiO<SUB>2</SUB> NP modified photoanodes show an enhanced efficiency and a stability. For photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems, the stability factor (@?) has been defined for the first time based on the time dependent chronoamperometry, which clearly demonstrates that @?<SUB>modified</SUB> >> @?<SUB>bare</SUB>. The modified photoanode shows an improved Incident Photon to Current Efficiency of 22% than the bare CdS (~8%) electrode. It gives an enhanced solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of STH ~ 0.7% w.r.t bare CdS (0.2%) under AM 1.5G solar simulator, at 0.2 V/SCE. Improved stability of more than nine hours and enhanced efficiency is attributed to the controlled passivation of CdS surface through TiO<SUB>2</SUB> NP (5 nm), and inhibition of the charge recombination. Superior and stable performance of modified photoelectrode has been validated by higher and stable hydrogen evolution over modified electrode.

Modeling of Absorption of NO_2 with Chemical Reaction in a Falling Raindrop

Pareek, Vishnu,Srivastava, Vinod K.,Adesina, Adesoji A. 한국화학공학회 2003 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.20 No.2

A model has been proposed for the scavenging of NO_2 in a falling raindrop. After absorption, aqueous NO_2 undergoes a second order reaction to form various ions such as NO^-_2, NO^-_3 and H^+. The model is based on the unsteady state convective diffusion equation which was solved for given boundary conditions by using impicit alternate direction(ADI) method. The circulation of fluid inside and outside the raindrop has been taken into account to realistically describe the flow field in the numerical domain. The model predictions indicate that the pH of a raindrop is a direct function of the drop size and bulk concentration of NO^-_2. The model predicted a pH of about 4.9 for a 100micron raindrop falling through a 20-ppb ambient concentration of NO_2. For the same ambient concentration of NO_2, a 10-micron raindrop would have a pH of about 4.75. The predictions also suggested that for all practical purposes the gas phase resistance may be taken as the rate-controlling step. The predicted values of gas-side mass transfer coefficient compared well with the estimated values using standard mass transfer correlations.

Nanostructure Zn–Cu <i>co</i>-doped CdS chalcogenide electrodes for opto-electric-power and H₂ generation

Pareek, Alka,Thotakuri, Rambabu,Dom, Rekha,Kim, Hyun Gyu,Borse, Pramod H. Elsevier 2017 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.42 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>An efficient photoanode of Zn–Cu: doped nanostructure CdS film has been fabricated by a very simple and commercially usable <I>chemical bath deposition</I> methodology. The electrodes of various sizes were deposited, those ranged from 10 × 10 mm to 100 × 100 mm. Physico-chemical property of the film is investigated <I>in-depth</I> for the photo-electrochemical (PEC) hydrogen production and electric-power generation application. Especially, we studied the effect of Zn and Cu <I>co</I>-doping in the hexagonal CdS-lattice <I>w.r.t.</I> the structural, optical and PEC properties of the nanostructure film. Zn-doping induces an increase in the absorption of visible light photons. The doping enhances the photocurrent by twice as to the undoped, and generates a net photocurrent of ∼817 μA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, at a very low applied potential of 0.1 V/SCE, in contrast to 366 μA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> of its undoped counterpart. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated that the reduced <I>e–h</I> recombination is responsible for the superior performance of the electrodes. PEC cell fabricated by these electrodes showed a <I>maximum hydrogen generation</I> rate of ∼6.74 μmol/h as compared to 0.58 μmol/h from undoped counterpart; Further a <I>photo to electric-power</I> conversion efficiency of ∼0.16% has been achieved even at <I>low biasing</I> potential of <I>0.1 V</I>/SCE under AM 1.5 solar simulated illumination. Undoped, Zn doped and Cu <I>co</I>-doped films are highly useful for <I>dual applications</I> of “<I>solar power-generation</I>” and “<I>solar hydrogen-generation</I>”, revealing that the Zn doped PEC solar cell is most efficient system for the hydrogen generation even at a very low voltage bias of 0.1 V/SCE.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Deposition of Zn and Cu <I>co</I>-doped nanostructure films by chemical bath deposition. </LI> <LI> Structural and optical properties are revealed. </LI> <LI> Doping and <I>Co</I>-doping enhances the photocurrent by more than twice in CdS. </LI> <LI> Zn doped CdS shows improved power conversion and STH efficiency of 0.50% and 0.16% respectively. </LI> <LI> Low cost method for fabrication of dual purpose PEC cell. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Ultrathin MoS2-MoO3 nanosheets functionalized CdS photoanodes for effective charge transfer in photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells

Pareek, A.,Kim, H.,Paik, P.,Borse, P. Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.5 No.4

<P>The present study focuses on the synthesis of MoS2-MoO3 nanostructures via a hydrothermal method and their application in the modification of CdS photoanodes. Structural characterization reveals that with an increase in the hydrothermal reaction time the fraction of the MoS2 phase increases in the MoS2-MoO3 nanostructures, with MoS2 being dominant in the sample obtained at the maximum reaction time. TEM characterization reveals the formation of ultra thin nanosheets in the MoS2-MoO3 system. Correspondingly, the bandgaps estimated from the Tauc plot analysis indicate a bandgap tuning from 2.40 eV to 1.73 eV for these Mo-nanostructures. The surfaces of spray deposited nanostructured CdS thin films were further modified with these Mo-nanostructures via a very simple and economic chemical impregnation method. The CdS photoanodes modified with the MoS2-MoO3 nanosheets exhibit the highest PEC performance which is 4 times the photocurrent of bare CdS photoanodes. In addition, the stability of the modified photoanodes is enhanced to more than 8 hours compared to a few minutes for bare and photocorrosive CdS. The improved PEC performance is attributed to the formation of the n-CdS/p-MoS2 junction that suppresses the undesirable electron-hole recombination process and thus improves the charge transfer process. A solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 1.9% is reported for the MoS2-MoO3 nanosheets modified CdS photoanode.</P>

Diminishing Procedural Boundaries in International Arbitration

Abha Pareek 한국중재학회 2013 중재연구 Vol.23 No.4

The surge of cross border trade and transactions has seen international arbitration fast emerging as the preferred mode of dispute resolution. This phenomenon is especially remarkable in the Asian region. The Singapore International Arbitration Centre (“SIAC”)aspires to contribute to this growth as one of the leading arbitral institutions. The objective of this article is to provide an insight into the key features of SIAC Rules. This article has been divided into two parts; the first part discusses how the SIAC Rules are helpful in building bridges in international arbitration between the common law and civil law systems. We have attempted to throw light on how the SIAC Rules may be tailored by the parties to bring about a harmonization in the common law and civil law practices in the conduct of the arbitration proceedings. In the second part of the article, we discuss the two most popular procedures introduced in the SIAC Rules in 2010 i.e. ‘Emergency Arbitration’ and ‘Expedited procedures’. The emergency arbitration provisions enable a party to obtain order(s)/award for urgent interim relief(s) upon commencement of arbitral proceedings but pending the constitution of the main Tribunal. The expedited Procedure provisions give parties the option of having their disputes determined in six (6) months from the date of the constitution of the tribunal.

Human Leukocyte Antigen-DQ Genotyping in Pediatric Celiac Disease

Stuti Pareek,Raj Kumar Gupta,Abhinav Sharma,Sandhya Gulati 대한소아소화기영양학회 2023 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.26 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ genotype in children diagnosed with celiac disease (CD) (biopsy proven), and to compare this with a control group; and secondarily, to correlate HLA genotypes with clinical profiles of CD. Methods: This cross-sectional comparative observational study included 26 controls and 52 patients diagnosed with CD who presented at Sir Padampat Mother and Child Health Institute, Jaipur, from May, 2017 to October, 2018. HLA DQ genotype was assessed for each patients and correlated with clinical profiles. Results: HLA DQ2/DQ8 genotypes were significantly more common in CD (present in 100.0% cases) than in controls (23.1%) in Northern India (Rajasthan). When HLA DQ2.5 and DQ8 were present together, individuals had significantly more atypical presentations and severe findings on duodenal biopsy. Similarly, patients with the HLA DQ 2.5 genotype were also predisposed to more severe endoscopic findings, while HLA DQ2.2 predisposed them to less severe biopsy findings. HLA DQ8 was significantly associated with later age at diagnosis (>5 years) and shorter stature. The highest HLA DQ relative risk (RR) for CD development was associated with HLA DQ2.5 and DQ2.2 in combination, followed by HLA DQ2.5 and DQ8 in combination, while HLA DQx.5 and HLA DQ2.2 together had the lowest risk. Conclusion: HLA DQ2/DQ8 genotypes are strongly associated with pediatric CD patients in northern India. These genotypes and their combinations may be associated with different clinical presentations of CD, and may help predict severity of CD.

‘We paint stories we heard from our ancestors’: Intangible heritage of the Pardhan Gonds of Central India

Shivangi Pareek 국립민속박물관 2022 International Journal of Intangible Heritage Vol.17 No.-

For more than a decade now, the art markets in India and abroad are taking keen interest in artworks made by ‘Adivasi’ or ‘Indigenous’ artists from India. The Gonds are one of the largest Adivasi groups in India, one of the over seven hundred ‘Scheduled Tribes’ in the Indian constitution, a category that affirms their histories of displacement, dispossession and cultural marginalisation. In precolonial times, the Pardhan Gonds of central India served as itinerant bards and genealogists for their patrons among the Gond communities. The Pardhan Gonds now paint their oral songs and stories, and these painted artworks are increasingly in demand across diverse audiences in local and global art circles. In this article, I think about the oral stories, songs and decorative wall art patterns as longer histories in which contemporary Gond visual art is situated. Building on my ethnographic research, I propose that these visual and oral expressions speak of proximate relations with the natural environment and are imbued with emotions of reverence and devotion towards the natural world. Thinking of these relations and emotions as the intangible cultural heritage of Gond Adivasis, I ask, how is this knowledge shared, and how are relationships of interdependence with the natural world produced in everyday life? I discuss an oral story about the Narmada River and then the decorative wall and floor art patterns called digna and examine the close relationship between the two. I argue that it is in the repeated telling of stories, and in the patterns and seasonal iterations of digna, that one can see the everyday work of producing enduring relationships with one’s environment. Thinking about oral stories in conjunction with digna also helps understand the crucial point that these relationships with the natural environment are not motivated by sensibilities of protection and preservation, but imagine interactive and respectful relations with features and materials in the environment. Spiritual and devotional relations coexist with necessary routine interactions and utilitarian relations. This intimate and embodied knowledge that generates creative coexistence with the more than human environment is a valuable intangible heritage, not just for Gond people but for everyone concerned with sustainable human lives on this planet.