Feasibility of a new non-edible feedstock in diesel engine: Investigation of performance, emission and combustion characteristics

Paramvir Singh,Varun,S. R. Chauhan 대한기계학회 2017 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.31 No.4

The amount of pressure on the automotive industry, competition facing from other automotive manufacturers, or the rules and regulations imposed by administrative bodies, biodiesel is turning out as a favourite alternative for almost all-ongoing research in the area. In the present experimental study, aamla biodiesel is used in different volumetric ratios of 25 % (B25), 50 % (B50) 75 % (B75) and 100 % (B100) as a fuel in Compression-ignition (CI) engine. This paper presents the study of performance, emission and combustion characteristics of aamla biodiesel. Aamla biodiesel is a new non-edible feedstock for diesel engine. The experimental result shows that HRR and cylinder pressure for biodiesel is found to be less than diesel. In terms of performance, B25 shows the best results as compared to other blends. As biodiesel content increases in fuel, exhaust emission decreases. According to environmental aspects, biodiesel used as a fuel in a diesel engine is quite advantageous.

Effect of phyllanthus emblica biodiesel based lubricant on cylinder liner and piston ring

Paramvir Singh,Varun Goel,S. R. Chauhan 대한기계학회 2018 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.32 No.3

In the present time, need of biogenic lubricants is the focusing area which will be biodegradable, avirulent and eco-friendly. Current experimental tests depict the effect of ‘Phyllanthus emblica’ a non-edible feedstock through pin on disc tribo tester. Tests were conducted to evaluate the impact of 0, 10, 20 and 30 % blending of Phyllanthus emblica with SAE20W40 lubricating oil on cylinder liner and piston ring. Promising result have been manifested with 10 % blending of biodiesel (BD) with lubricating oil in terms of coefficient of friction and specific wear rate in comparison with other examined feedstock. For analysis of wear debris in the used oil analytical ferrography was also done. The effects of temperature on wear and friction characteristics have also been discussed.

MIMO Channel Capacity and Configuration Selection for Switched Parasitic Antennas

Paramvir Kaur Pal,Robert Simon Sherratt 한국전자통신연구원 2018 ETRI Journal Vol.40 No.2

Multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) systems offer significant enhancements in terms of their data rate and channel capacity compared to traditional systems. However, correlation degrades the system performance and imposes practical limits on the number of antennas that can be incorporated into portable wireless devices. The use of switched parasitic antennas (SPAs) is a possible solution, especially where it is difficult to obtain sufficient signal decorrelation by conventional means. The covariance matrix represents the correlation present in the propagation channel, and has significant impact on the MIMO channel capacity. The results of this work demonstrate a significant improvement in the MIMO channel capacity by using SPA with the knowledge of the covariance matrix for all pattern configurations. By employing the “water‐pouring algorithm” to modify the covariance matrix, the channel capacity is significantly improved compared to traditional systems, which spread transmit power uniformly across all the antennas. A condition number is also proposed as a selection metric to select the optimal pattern configuration for MIMO‐SPAs.

Performance Analysis for Recognition of Image With Alphanumeric Characters Under Different Environmental Conditions

Paramvir Singh,Rashpinder Kaur,Gurjinder Singh 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.8 No.7

In this recent era of technological development, innovation advances in every aspect of life can be easily seen. Automatic systems were developing at very fast pace. Automatic license late recognition is one of the systems that help in developing intelligent transport system in a city or country. This also finds application in the areas of vehicle surveillance, border security, toll tax management etc. This paper evaluates the performance analysis for recognition of image with alphanumeric characters under different environmental conditions. The overall performance recognition rate was 97.57%

Ectopic co‑expression of the SOD and APX genes enhanced callus growth and in vitro regeneration in Arabidopsis

Amrina Shafi,Insha Zahoor,Tejpal Gill,Paramvir Singh Ahuja,Sanjay Kumar,Anil Kumar Singh 한국식물생명공학회 2019 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.13 No.3

Antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), play important role in ROS homeostasis in plants. In the present study, two important antioxidant enzyme-encoding genes, cytosolic Cu/Zn-SOD and APX, were isolated from Potentilla atrosanguinea and Rheum australe plants, which grow at high-altitude regions of Himalaya. Previously, we have reported cytosolic overexpression of both the genes in Arabidopsis, individually and in combination and these transgenic plants exhibit cold and salt stress tolerance. In the present study, wild-type (WT) and transgenic lines (cytosolic Cu/Zn-SOD and APX) were analysed for their regeneration potential and expression profiling of various genes involved in in vitro regeneration was carried out. Among all transgenic lines, dual transgenics showed early callus induction and shoot regeneration. Callus growth rate and in vitro regeneration capacity were significantly higher in transgenic lines compared with control plants. Interestingly, H2O2 accumulation and SOD activity were found to be higher in SOD and dual transgenic lines during callus induction and shoot regeneration stages, indicating a correlation between H2O2 and SOD activity with regeneration process. Whereas APX activity in transgenic lines was found to be decreased in regenerated shoots, cotyledons, it was increased in callus and roots. Further, expression analysis of several genes involved in callus induction and in vitro regeneration using qRT-PCR showed that the majority of genes were significantly up-regulated (two- to fourfold) during different stages of regeneration in transgenic lines. Consequently, our results substantiate that a minimal amount of H2O2 accumulation brought about by overexpression of SOD and APX genes may play an important role in early callus induction and shoot regeneration in transgenic line. The overall results will add knowledge about the role of antioxidant genes in in vitro regeneration of plants.

Characterization of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase cDNA in tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze]

Kashmir Singh,Sanjay Kumar,Sudesh Kumar Yadav,Paramvir Singh Ahuja 한국식물생명공학회 2009 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.3 No.1

Tea leaves are major source of catechins— antioxidant flavonoids. Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR, EC 1.1.1.219) is one of the important enzymes that catalyzes the reduction of dihydroflavonols to leucoanthocyanins, a key ‘‘late’’ step in the biosynthesis of catechins. This manuscript reports characterization of DFR from tea (CsDFR) that comprised 1,413 bp full-length cDNA with ORF of 1,044 bp (115–1,158) and encoding a protein of 347 amino acids. Sequence comparison of CsDFR with earlier reported DFR sequences in a database indicated conservation of 69– 87% among amino acid residues. In silico analysis revealed CsDFR to be a membrane-localized protein with a domain (between 16 and 218 amino acids) resembling the NADdependent epimerase/dehydratase family. The theoretical molecular weight and isoelectric point of the deduced amino sequence of CsDFR were 38.67 kDa and 6.22, respectively. Upon expression of CsDFR in E. coli, recombinant protein was found to be functional and showed specific activity of 42.85 nmol min-1 mg protein-1. Expression of CsDFR was maximum in younger rather than older leaves. Expression was down-regulated in response to drought stress and abscisic acid, unaffected by gibberellic acid treatment, but up-regulated in response to wounding, with concomitant modulation of catechins content. This is the first report of functionality of recombinant CsDFR and its expression in tea. Tea leaves are major source of catechins— antioxidant flavonoids. Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR, EC 1.1.1.219) is one of the important enzymes that catalyzes the reduction of dihydroflavonols to leucoanthocyanins, a key ‘‘late’’ step in the biosynthesis of catechins. This manuscript reports characterization of DFR from tea (CsDFR) that comprised 1,413 bp full-length cDNA with ORF of 1,044 bp (115–1,158) and encoding a protein of 347 amino acids. Sequence comparison of CsDFR with earlier reported DFR sequences in a database indicated conservation of 69– 87% among amino acid residues. In silico analysis revealed CsDFR to be a membrane-localized protein with a domain (between 16 and 218 amino acids) resembling the NADdependent epimerase/dehydratase family. The theoretical molecular weight and isoelectric point of the deduced amino sequence of CsDFR were 38.67 kDa and 6.22, respectively. Upon expression of CsDFR in E. coli, recombinant protein was found to be functional and showed specific activity of 42.85 nmol min-1 mg protein-1. Expression of CsDFR was maximum in younger rather than older leaves. Expression was down-regulated in response to drought stress and abscisic acid, unaffected by gibberellic acid treatment, but up-regulated in response to wounding, with concomitant modulation of catechins content. This is the first report of functionality of recombinant CsDFR and its expression in tea.

Numerical investigation of heat transfer and friction factor in ribbed triangular duct solar air heater using Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)

Rajneesh Kumar,Varun Goel,Anoop Kumar,Sourabh Khurana,Paramvir Singh,Santosh B. Bopche 대한기계학회 2018 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.32 No.1

The Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based analysis is carried out to investigate the thermal and hydraulic performance of circular rib roughened triangular passage Solar air heater (SAH). The circular ribs were provided over the absorber plate. The roughness parameter such as relative roughness pitch (P/e) and relative roughness height (e/D) varies from 4 to 20 and 0.015 to 0.06 (in four sets), respectively, the Reynolds number (Re) varies from 4000 to 18000. The flow governing equations were solved using commercial ANSYS (Fluent) software. The predicted Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor (f) are validated with the available experimental results. The thermal and hydraulic performance of roughened duct is estimated in the form of Nusselt number and friction factor, respectively. The Thermohydraulic performance parameter (TPP) is also evaluated depending on the friction factor (f) and Nusselt number (Nu) values for SAH. The maximum Thermohydraulic performance parameter (TPP) is observed at Reynolds number of 15000 in case of relative roughness pitch (P/e) and relative roughness height (e/D) value of 12 and 0.06, respectively.