Caloric Expenditure Estimation Differences between an Elliptical Machine and Indirect Calorimetry

A. Page Glave(A. Page Glave ),Jennifer J. Didier(Jennifer J. Didier ),Gary L. Oden(Gary L. Oden ),Matthew C. Wagner(Matthew C. Wagner ) 사피엔시아 2018 Exercise Medicine Vol.2 No.-

Objectives: Many people are interested in tracking caloric intake and expenditure for weight management purposes. It is difficult to accurately track exercise expenditure, and people may rely on the information reported by exercise equipment as it is easily available. This study examined the caloric estimation differences between the algorithm used by an elliptical machine and an indirect calorimetry device. Methods: Participants were 34 adults with 20 females (25 ± 8.47 years; 1.64 ± 0.08 m, 62.37 ± 10.81 kg) and 14 males (25.07 ± 5.46 years; 1.75 ± 0.06 m, 84.02 ± 12.33 kg). The caloric expenditure information from each device was compared to examine difference overall, in 5 minute intervals, and between males and females. Results: There was a significant difference in overall caloric expenditure (t33 = 22.27, p < .001). The difference in caloric expenditure estimation methods was not significantly different for males and females (t32 = 2.01, p = .05). Conclusions: Elliptical machines appear to overestimate caloric expenditure by a large number of calories. As is often stated, caution should be used when relying on exercise equipment for caloric expenditure information. Based on this data, individuals should expect caloric expenditure to be overestimated by approximately 100 calories each 30 min of exercise performed on elliptical equipment at moderate intensity.

Effect of Growth Retardant BX-112 on Growth, Floral Initiation, and Endogenous GA Levels in Sorghum

In-Jung Lee,Kil-Ung Kim,Page W. Morgan 韓國作物學會 1998 Korean journal of crop science Vol.43 No.2

To define the relations between endogenous GA levels and growth and flowering in short-day plant sorghum, growth retardant BX-112 was applied to two sorghum genotypes, wild-type and phytochrome B mutant (phyB-1), which grows faster and flowers earlier than the wild-type. BX-112 and GA3 were applied as a soil drench, and plant height, culm length, and date to floral initiation were investigated. Endogenous GAs contents were measured with GC-MS-SIM. BX-112 treatments inhibited shoot growth in both genotypes and drastically reduced GA1 and GA8 levels. With increasing BX-112 concentrations, GA1 concentrations declined linearly, but caused the accumulation of intermediates from GA12 to GA20 . This result implies that GA1 is the major active endogenous GA in shoot elongation in a short day plant sorghum. The inhibition of plant growth in both of wild type and phyB-1 by BX-112 was very similar, while BX-112 effects on floral initiation in two types of plants differed significantly. Floral initiation of phyB-1 was not affected by BX-1l2, but that of wild-type was delayed as BX-1l2 concentration increased. Because BX-112 treatment causes accumulation of biosynthetic intermediates between synthetic pathway from GA12 to GA20 and because phyB-1 is altered in GA metabolism in this same region of the early C13-hydroxylation pathway, BX-112 may fail to block flowering of phyB-1.

Transmembrane Helix Uniformity Examined by Spectral Mapping of Torsion Angles

Page, Richard C.,Kim, Sanguk,Cross, Timothy A. Elsevier 2008 Structure Vol.16 No.5

<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>The environment and unique balance of molecular forces within lipid bilayers has a profound impact upon the structure, dynamics, and function of membrane proteins. We describe the biophysical foundations for the remarkable uniformity of many transmembrane helices that result from the molecular interactions within lipid bilayers. In fact, the characteristic uniformity of transmembrane helices leads to unique spectroscopic opportunities allowing for ϕ,ψ torsion angles to be mapped directly onto solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) PISEMA spectra. Results from spectral simulations, the solid state NMR-derived structure of the influenza A M2 proton channel transmembrane domain, and high-resolution crystal structures of 27 integral membrane proteins demonstrate that transmembrane helices tend to be more uniform than previously thought. The results are discussed through the definition of a preferred range of backbone ϕ,ψ torsion angles for transmembrane α helices and are presented with respect to improving biophysical characterizations of integral membrane proteins.</P>

Steady-state Capabilities for Hydroturbines with OpenFOAM

Page, Maryse,Beaudoin, Martin,Giroux, Anne-Marie Korean Society for Fluid machinery 2011 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.4 No.1

The availability of a high quality open source CFD simulation platform like OpenFOAM offers new R&D opportunities by providing direct access to models and solver implementation details. Efforts have been made by Hydro-Qu$\'{e}$bec to adapt OpenFOAM to hydroturbines for the development of steady-state capabilities. This paper describes the developments that have been made to implement new turbomachinery related capabilities: multiple frames of reference solver, domain coupling interfaces (GGI, cyclicGGI and mixing plane) and specialized boundary conditions. Practical use of the new turbomachinery capabilities are demonstrated for the analysis of a 195-MW Francis turbine.

Using Colours to alter Consumer Behaviour and Product Success

Page, Tom,Thorsteinsson, Gisli,Ha, Joong-Gyu The Korea Contents Association 2012 International Journal of Contents Vol.8 No.1

This paper aims to present colour theories and show how they can be used to explain consumer's preferences of some products over others. It will, furthermore, attempt to link these theories to the design industry and look at how colour associations determine product success. Due to associative learning and personal preference, the colours of objects can cause consumers to either favour or dislike products over those with identical functions and efficiency. Age and gender affect the preferred colour choices of the individual, making some products more popular to particular groups of potential consumers. Designers can utilise colour theories to ensure that they use the most appropriate colour schemes to maximise and appeal to their targeted market successfully. A survey was conducted with 100 participants. It demonstrates the associative links between colours, emotions and product categories. It can be shown that the colour of an object can contribute to its success or failure in the market based on a number of different criteria. The design must use colour confidently to evoke certain emotions or connotations and must be carried out appropriately. The designer also has to consider whom it is that be viewing it and making the decision of preference.

A Feasibility Study into the Application of CAD/CAM in a Traditional Industry Sector

Page, Tom,Thorsteinsson, Gisli,Ha, Joong Gyu 한국디자인지식학회 2008 디자인지식저널 Vol.8 No.-

This work provides feasibility of computer aided design and manufacture (CAD/CAM) for a small company in a traditional industry sector. To establish, to what extent would CAD/CAM be a viable option for a small company using traditional methods? The implementation of this research carried out via a questionnaire to a selected number of companies, interviewed with companies operations directors and sales representative that supplies CAD/CAM systems. In order to insure that literature reviewed the new technology of CAD/CAM to see a suitable option, which would offer improvements to the organisation and work force. Many companies felt the need to implement CAD/CAM was the only way to face the future and ensure competitiveness. Financial constraints within a small company affected the choice of CAD/CAM implemented. Result of implementing new technology was the affect on the employee and employer. As a result all of the companies that have implemented CAD/CAM have all been trading between 40 and 65 years and have had this technology for over 3 years, with the exception of 1 which had only been trading for 7 years and had only used the technology for under a year. The three interviews gave further evidence to support points suggested by the literature review particularly with regard to how CAD/CAM affects the individual employee and employer. High maintenance costs was a reason given for not using CAD/CAM in the questionnaire. The reason why a small fabrication company want to implement CAD/CAM was increasing its production of bespoke products, production of components. A good maintenance program should be in place to ensure continued production and minimal downtime is needed to implement CAD/CAM successfully.

Natural Sections in Product Design

Page, Tom,Thorsteinsson, Gisli,Ha, Joong-Gyu The Korea Contents Association 2010 International Journal of Contents Vol.6 No.3

The golden ratio is a mysterious number that surprisingly appears in science, physics, mathematics, as well as in nature. The number 1.618 seems to be a universal constant, and crops up whenever the subject is of beauty or elegance. Beautiful flowers and sea shells and also attractive people have a common number and that is 1.618 or $\varphi$ (phi). This paper does a study into the story of phi, and describes how the golden ratio is derived. Artists, architects and designers have employed the ratio into dimensioning their works of art to achieve visual appeal. Examples such as the Greek Parthenon of the Acropolis and paintings such as the Last Supper all use this magic number. An investigation was conducted among 50 people to test if looking at golden proportioning was actually appealing, or if it was just a type among overzealous enthusiasts. The results show that the golden ratio may actually be of some use.

L'APPRENTISSAGE DANS L'ENSEIGEMENT, 1

PAGE, L 釜山外國語大學校 文化硏究所 1994 比較文化硏究 Vol.5 No.-

Design Education with Support of a Virtual Learning Environment

Tom Page,Ha, Joong Gyu 한국디자인지식학회 2006 디자인지식저널 Vol.3 No.-

Using Colours to alter Consumer Behaviour and Product Success

Tom Page,Gisli Thorsteinsson,Joong Gyu Ha 한국콘텐츠학회 2012 International Journal of Contents Vol.8 No.1

This paper aims to present colour theories and show how they can be used to explain consumer’s preferences of some products over others. It will, furthermore, attempt to link these theories to the design industry and look at how colour associations determine product success. Due to associative learning and personal preference, the colours of objects can cause consumers to either favour or dislike products over those with identical functions and efficiency. Age and gender affect the preferred colour choices of the individual, making some products more popular to particular groups of potential consumers. Designers can utilise colour theories to ensure that they use the most appropriate colour schemes to maximise and appeal to their targeted market successfully. A survey was conducted with 100 participants. It demonstrates the associative links between colours, emotions and product categories. It can be shown that the colour of an object can contribute to its success or failure in the market based on a number of different criteria. The design must use colour confidently to evoke certain emotions or connotations and must be carried out appropriately. The designer also has to consider whom it is that be viewing it and making the decision of preference.