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        Influence of Rabbit Sire Genetic Origin, Season of Birth and Parity Order on Doe and Litter Performance in an Organic Production System

        Zotte, Antonella Dalle,Paci, Gisella Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.1

        The aim of this study was to compare both the performance of litters derived from two sire genetic origins (SGO), Vienna Blue (VB) and Burgundy Fawn (BF), along successive seasons of birth (SB; winter, spring, summer and autumn), and doe reproductive performance in an organic production system. A total of fifty-eight does consisting of a mixture of crosses of several medium-large size breeds at different parity order (P, 1 = nulliparous; 2 = primiparous; ${\geq}3$ = multiparous) and twelve males (6 VB and 6 BF) were housed indoors at environmental conditions that followed seasonality. An extensive reproductive rhythm was used and kits were weaned at $46{\pm}6$ d of age. Doe reproductive performance and the data of 105 litters (55 from VB and 50 from BF SGO) were recorded throughout the SB. No statistically significant differences related to SGO effect were observed. As regards parity order, multiparous does showed higher live weights (LW) (p<0.05), total born (p<0.01), total born alive (p<0.05) per delivery, and litter weight of born alive (p<0.05), but lower milk output at 21st d than primiparous does (p<0.05). The extensive reproductive rhythm mainly increased litter performance at birth in multiparous does but was not sufficient to permit a complete recovery of body reserves lost during lactation. Autumn SB negatively affected doe LW variation between deliveries. The number of pups born and born alive per delivery (p<0.05) and litter size at 21 d of age and at weaning (p<0.01) were lower during hot SB. Due to the lower litter size of pups born in summer and autumn, their individual weight at 21st d of age and daily individual growth rate 0 to 21 d were higher than those of pups born in winter (p<0.001). Litter performance at 21st d of age and individual pup pre-weaning growth rate were poorer for those born in spring than in other seasons due to the harmful effects of increased environmental temperatures. SB affected most of the performance traits of does and young rabbits reared under the organic farming system. The rabbits seemed better suited to organic rearing conditions during winter than in other seasons. The worst results overall were obtained in the spring SB, whereas the hot SB negatively affected both doe energy balance and prolificacy. In conclusion, the pups of the 2 SGO showed good pre-weaning performance and seemed suited to the organic rabbit production system.

      • A Profile of 2012 Olympic Games Taekwondo Athletes

        ( Mohsen Kazemi ),( Merrill Ong ),( Alexander Pacis ),( Katy Tseng ) 국제태권도학회 2014 Journal of the International Association for Taekw Vol.1 No.2

        The purpose of this study was to compare characteristics of medal winners (gold, silver, and bronze) who competed in the 2012 London Olympic Games against non-winners. A descriptive comparison was analyzed between data from the 2000, 2004, 2008, and 2012 Olympic Taekwondo competitions. It was expected that there would be no difference in physiological composition between winners and non-winners; however, there was an expectation that winners and non-winners showed differences in strategy. Participant data was obtained from the official 2012 Olympic website and weigh-in results. A logistic regression was used to compare winners versus non-winners, and statistical analysis was conducted using the STATA version 10 software. No statistically significant association was found between winners versus non-winners in how kicks and punches scored or warnings for either gender. A significant odds ratio (OR) of 0.62 found that more kicks were associated with winning in males than in females. We also found more kicks per match were associated with winning in males than in females. In terms of strategic differences between winners and non-winners, there were no statistical significances found within the data. In terms of physiological differences between winners and non-winners, there were no statistical significances found even in comparison to previous years. Comparisons between the previous competitions and the results of the OR showed that winning was best achieved through an offensive strategy that involved both the use of kicks and an increased frequency of punches. It was also determined an offensive strategy should be considered by coaches for future competitions.

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