Microstructural, chemical states and electrical properties of Au/CuO/n-InP heterojunction with a cupric oxide interlayer

Balaram, N.,Rajagopal Reddy, V.,Sekhar Reddy, P.R.,Janardhanam, V.,Choi, Chel-Jong Elsevier 2018 Vacuum Vol.152 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Cupric oxide (CuO) is synthesized by simple chemical bath deposition method and deposited on n-type InP substrate using e-beam evaporation technique. First, the structural and chemical compositional analysis of CuO/n-InP are analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XRD and XPS results confirmed that the formation of CuO on n-type InP substrate. Then, Au/CuO/n-InP heterojunction is fabricated with a CuO interlayer and correlated its results with the Au/n-InP Schottky junction (SJ). The barrier height (Φ<SUB>b</SUB>) and ideality factor (n) are extracted through I-V and C-V methods and the respective values are 0.66 eV (I-V)/0.80 eV (C-V) and 1.24, and 0.78 eV (I-V)/0.94 eV (C-V) and 1.62 for the SJ and HJ diodes, respectively. By applying Cheung's and Norde functions, the Φ<SUB>b</SUB>, ideality factor and series resistance (R<SUB>S</SUB>) are derived for the SJ and HJ diodes. The derived interface state density (N<SUB>SS</SUB>) of HJ is lower than the SJ; results demonstrated that the CuO interlayer plays an important role in the decreased N<SUB>SS</SUB>. The Poole-Frenkel emission is the dominant current conduction mechanism in reverse bias of both SJ and HJ diodes.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Structural and chemical properties of CuO films are analysed by XRD and XPS. </LI> <LI> Barrier height of Au/n-InP SJ was modified by CuO interlayer. </LI> <LI> Heterojunction has a good rectification ratio compared to the Schottky junction. </LI> <LI> The interface state density of HJ is lower as compared to the SJ. </LI> <LI> Poole-Frenkel mechanism is found to dominate in both SJ and HJs. </LI> </UL> </P>

Determination of N* amplitudes from associated strangeness production in p+p collisions

Mü,nzer, R.,Fabbietti, L.,Epple, E.,Lu, S.,Klose, P.,Hauenstein, F.,Herrmann, N.,Grzonka, D.,Leifels, Y.,Maggiora, M.,Pleiner, D.,Ramstein, B.,Ritman, J.,Roderburg, E.,Salabura, P.,Sarantsev, A.,B North-Holland Pub. Co 2018 Physics letters. Section B Vol.785 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We present the first determination of the energy-dependent amplitudes of N<SUP>⁎</SUP> resonances extracted from their decay in KΛ pairs in p+p → <SUP> pK + </SUP> Λ reactions. A combined Partial Wave Analysis of seven data samples with exclusively reconstructed p+p → <SUP> pK + </SUP> Λ events measured by the COSY-TOF, DISTO, FOPI and HADES Collaborations in fixed target experiments at kinetic energies between 2.14 to 3.5 GeV is used to determine the amplitude of the resonant and non-resonant contributions into the associated strangeness final state. The contribution of seven N<SUP>⁎</SUP> resonances with masses between 1650 MeV/c<SUP>2</SUP> and 1900 MeV/c<SUP>2</SUP> for an excess energy between 0 and 600 MeV has been considered. The Σ–p cusp and final state interactions for the p–Λ channel are also included as coherent contributions in the PWA. The N<SUP>⁎</SUP> contribution is found to be dominant with respect to the phase space emission of the pK Λ + final state at all energies demonstrating the important role played by both N<SUP>⁎</SUP> and interference effects in hadron–hadron collisions.</P>

Slide Session : OS-HEM-03 ; Hematology : Hemophagocytic Syndrome in Internal Medicine: Iden-tification of Infectious Triggers, Therapeutic Manage-ment and Mortality in 88 Patients (REGHEM-GEAS-SEMI)

( Pilar BRITO ZERÓN ),( Marta PEREZ DE LIS NOVO ),( Roberto PÉREZ ALVAREZ ),( Pedro MORAL MORAL ),( Aleida MARTÍNEZ ZAPICO ),( Guadalupe FRAILE ),( Eva FONSECA ),( María VAQUERO HERRERO ),( Angela RUI 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: To analyze the therapeutic management and the main epidemiological and clinical characteristics related to survival in a large series of patients with hemophagocytic syndrome (HS) diagnosed in Departments of Internal Medicine. Methods: In June 2013, the Study Group of Autoimmune Diseases (GEAS-SEMI) creates a national registry of patients with HS. Patients were diagnosed according to the fulfillment of the criteria of the Histiocytosis Society in 1991 and updated in 2004. Results: At June 15, 2014, the REGHEM registry included 88 patients with HS, 35 (40%) men and 55 (60%) women, with a mean age at diagnosis of 49.16 years (range 12- 84 years). During the admission that led to the diagnosis of SH, acute infections were identified in 50 (57%) patients, including viruses (n=20), bacteria (n=13), mycobacteria (n=8) and parasites/fungi (n=13). Patients were treated with corticosteroids (n=40), etoposide (n=12), cyclosporin A (n=12), methotrexate (n=4), tacrolimus (n=2) rituximab (n=3), intravenous immunoglobulins (n=2) and chemotherapy (n=5). A total of 44 (50%) patients died. The main factors associated with mortality were analytical parameters at diagnosis such as the presence of severe anemia (Hb <9 g/L, 89% vs 66%, p=0.01), platelet count <100,000/mm3 (96% vs 64%, p<0.001), neutropenia <1000/mm3 (59% vs 39%, p=0.044), and bacterial infections as precipitating agent (77% vs 45%, p=0.034); a clinical presentation including lymphadenopathy was associated with a lower mortality (59% vs 39%, p=0.044). Conclusions: Hemophagocytic syndrome is a severe multisystemic disease associated in nearly 50% of cases with an acute infection, and usually requires vital support in intensive care units. Despite this and the use of a complex therapeutic approach, half of the patients died. The main prognostic factor identified is the presence at diagnosis of severe cytopenias and the coexistence of bacterial infections.

Metabolic effects of recombinant ovine placental lactogen and growth hormone in pregnant ewes

Min, S H,Mackenzie, D D S,Breier, B H,McCutcheon, S N,Gluckman, P D 中央大學校 食糧資源硏究所 1998 食糧資源硏究所 論文集 Vol.10 No.1

The effects of recombinant ovine placental lactogen (oPL) and bovine growth hormone (bGH) on maternal metabolism, mammary gland development and fetal growth were examined in singleton bearing ewes at day 101 of gestation. Ewes were treated by twice daily subcutaneous injection for 7 days with oPL(n=7) or bGH (n=8) at a dose of 0.15 mg/kg LW/day or with saline (n=8). Jugualr blood samples were taken on days 1 and 7 of treatment. Relative to those of salinetreated ewes, bGH treatment significantly (P<0.01) reduced maternal plasma concentrations of oPL at day 7 of treatment. Administration of bGH also increased maternal circulating concentrations of insulinlike growth factor (IGF)Ⅰ (P<0.001), insulin (P<0.01), glucose (P<0.01) and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) (P<0.10) and decreased IGFⅡ (P<0.001) and urea (P<0.05) concentrations relative to those in oPL or salinetreated ewes. None of these parameters was affected by oPL treatment (vs saline treatment) except for maternal circulating oPL concentration which was increased by 50%(P<0.001). Neither bGH nor oPL had significant effects on dimension or trimmed weight of the mammary gland. Similarly, oPL treatment had no effects on weights of uterine components, whereas treatment with bGH increased the total weight of the gravid uterus (P<0.05) and weights of the uterine fluids, fetal membranes and myoendometrium (P<0.05). oPL, but not bGH treatment, also reduced maternal spleen (P<0.05) and heart (P<0.10) weights relative to those in salinetreated ewes. These results suggest that oPL acts in a distinctly different manner from bGH and that effects of oPL in the ewe are not mediated via changes in circulating concentrations of either IGFI or IGFII.

Identification and quantification of seven volatile n-nitrosamines in cosmetics using gas chromatography/chemical ionization-mass spectrometry coupled with head space-solid phase microextraction

Choi, N.R.,Kim, Y.P.,Ji, W.H.,Hwang, G.S.,Ahn, Y.G. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 Talanta Vol.148 No.-

<P>An analytical method was developed for the identification and quantification of seven volatile n-nitrosamines (n-nitrosodimethylamine [NDMA], n-nitrosoethylmethylamine [NMEA], n-nitrosodiethylamine [NDEA], n-nitrosodipropylamine [NDPA], n-nitrosodibutylamine [NDBA], n-nitrosopiperidine [NPIP], and n-nitrosopyrrolidine [NPYRD]) in water insoluble cream type cosmetics. It was found that the head space-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was suitable for extraction, clean up, and pre-concentration of n-nitrosamines in the cream type samples so its optimal conditions were investigated. Identification and quantification of n-nitrosamines using single quadrupole gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in chemical ionization (CI) mode were carried out with accurate mass measurements. Their accurate masses of protonated molecular ions were obtained within 10 mDa of the theoretical masses when sufficiently high signal was acquired from the unique calibration method using mass and isotope accuracy. For the method validation of quantification, spiking experiments were carried out to determine the linearity, recovery, and method detection limit (MDL) using three deuterated internal standards. The average recovery was 79% within 20% relative standard deviation (RSD) at the concentration of 50 ng/g. MDLs ranged from 0.46 ng/g to 36.54 ng/g, which was satisfactory for the directive limit of 50 ng/g proposed by the European Commission (EC). As a result, it was concluded that the method could be provided for the accurate mass screening, confirmation, and quantification of n-nitrosamines when applied to cosmetic inspection. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Portion Sizes from 24-Hour Dietary Recalls Differed by Sex among Those Who Selected the Same Portion Size Category on a Food Frequency Questionnaire

Kang, Minji,Park, Song-Yi,Boushey, Carol J.,Wilkens, Lynne R.,Monroe, Kristine R.,Le Marchand, Loï,c,Kolonel, Laurence N.,Murphy, Suzanne P.,Paik, Hee-Young Elsevier 2018 Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Vol.118 No.9

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Accounting for sex differences in food portions may improve dietary measurement; however, this factor has not been well examined.</P> <P><B>Objective</B></P> <P>The aim of this study was to examine sex differences in reported food portions from 24-hour dietary recalls (24HDRs) among those who selected the same portion size category on a quantitative food frequency questionnaire (QFFQ).</P> <P><B>Design</B></P> <P>This study was conducted with a cross-sectional design.</P> <P><B>Participants/setting</B></P> <P>Participants (n=319) were members of the Hawaii–Los Angeles Multiethnic Cohort who completed three 24HDRs and a QFFQ in a calibration study conducted in 2010 and 2011.</P> <P><B>Main outcome measures</B></P> <P>Portions of individual foods reported from 24HDRs served as the outcome measures.</P> <P><B>Statistical analyses performed</B></P> <P>Mean food portions from 24HDRs were compared between men and women who reported the same portion size on the QFFQ, after adjustment for race/ethnicity using a linear regression model. Actual amount and the assigned amount of the selected portion size in the QFFQ were compared using one-sample <I>t</I> test for men and women separately.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Of 163 food items with portion size options listed in the QFFQ, 32 were reported in 24HDRs by ≥20 men and ≥20 women who selected the same portion size in the QFFQ. Although they chose the same portion size on the QFFQ, mean intake amounts from 24HDRs were significantly higher for men than for women for “beef/lamb/veal,” “white rice,” “brown/wild rice,” “lettuce/tossed salad,” “eggs cooked/raw,” “whole wheat/rye bread,” “buns/rolls,” and “mayonnaise in sandwiches.” For men, mean portions of 14 items from the 24HDRs were significantly different from the assigned amounts for QFFQ items (seven higher and seven lower), whereas for women, mean portions of 14 items were significantly lower from the assigned amounts (with five significantly higher).</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>These sex differences in reported 24HDR food portions—even among participants who selected the same portion size on the QFFQ—suggest that the use of methods that account for differences in the portions consumed by men and women when QFFQs are quantified may provide more accurate absolute dietary intakes.</P>

Report of the CCQM-K97: measurement of arsenobetaine standard solution and arsenobetaine content in fish tissue (tunafish)

Ma, L D,Wang, J,WEI, C,Kuroiwa, T,Narukawa, T,Ito, N,HIOKI, A,CHIBA, K,Yim, Y H,Lee, K S,Lim, Y R,Turk, G C,Davis, C W,Mester, Z,Yang, L,McCooeye, M,Maxwell, P,Cankur, O,Tokman, N,Coskun, F G BUREAU INTERNATIONAL DES POIDS ET MESURES 2017 METROLOGIA -BERLIN- Vol.54 No.-

<P></P> <P>The CCQM-K97 key comparison was organized by the inorganic analysis working group (IAWG) of CCQM as a follow-up to completed pilot study CCQM-P96 and P96.1 to test the abilities of the national metrology institutes to accurately quantitate the mass fraction of arsenobetaine (AsB) in standard solution and in fish tissue. A pilot study CCQM-P133 was parallelized with this key comparison. National Institute of Metrology (NIM), China and National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) acted as the coordinating laboratories.</P> <P>Six NMIs participated in CCQM-K97 and two institutes participated in CCQM-P133, and all of them submitted the results. Some NMIs submitted more than one results by different methods. The results were in excellent agreement with each other, and obviously better than those of previous P96 and P96.1. Therefore the calibrant which each NMI used was comparable. It shows that the capabilities of some of the participants have been improved after the previous pilot studies.</P> <H2>Main text</H2> <P> To reach the main text of this paper, click on <A HREF='http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/final_reports/QM/K97/CCQM-K97.pdf'>Final Report</A>. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database <A HREF='http://kcdb.bipm.org/'>kcdb.bipm.org/</A>.</P> <P>The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).</P>

Factors Affecting Reproductive Performance in the Nepalese Pakhribas Pig: Effects of Nutrition and Housing during Lactation

Shrestha, N.P.,Edwards, S.A.,English, P.R.,Robertson, J.F. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.5

The effects of housing and nutrition on the performance of first lactation sows of the Nepalese Pakhribas breed were investigated. A total of 36 sows, from a previous experiment on nutrition during gilt rearing, were allocated according to a factorial design with 2 levels of nutrition, 60 or 80% of the calculated lactation requirement, and two types of housing, traditional or improved. The mean live weight loss of sows during lactation was reduced to a slightly greater extent by improved housing (p<0.05) than by better nutrition (p<0.10). There was also a significantly lower loss of $P_2$ backfat thickness (p<0.05) and mean body condition score (p<0.05) for sows on the higher plane of nutrition. Piglet weight gain in early and mid lactation was influenced by gestation feeding of the gilt (p<0.10) and by housing (p<0.05). Late lactation gain was influenced only by lactation feeding (p<0.05). In consequence, piglet weight at 42 day weaning was increased to a similar extent by improved housing (p<0.05) and better lactation nutrition (p<0.01). Significantly more sows were remated by day 10 after weaning from a higher level of rearing nutrition ($x^2=13.57$, p=0.001), and from improved housing and improved lactation (both $x^2=4.57$, p=0.033). It is concluded that, under Nepalese village conditions, improvements in housing may be a more cost effective way of improving sow performance than expenditure on additional feed resources.

Effects of Physical Form and Urea Treatment of Rice Straw on Rumen Fermentation, Microbial Protein Synthesis and Nutrient Digestibility in Dairy Steers

Gunun, P.,Wanapat, M.,Anantasook, N. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.12

This study was designed to determine the effect of physical form and urea treatment of rice straw on rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis and nutrient digestibility. Four rumen-fistulated dairy steers were randomly assigned according to a 2 (2 factorial arrangement in a 4 (4 Latin square design to receive four dietary treatments. Factor A was roughage source: untreated rice straw (RS) and urea-treated (3%) rice straw (UTRS), and factor B was type of physical form of rice straw: long form rice straw (LFR) and chopped (4 cm) rice straw (CHR). The steers were offered the concentrate at 0.5% body weight (BW) /d and rice straw was fed ad libitum. DM intake and nutrient digestibility were increased (p<0.05) by urea treatment. Ruminal pH were decreased (p<0.05) in UTRS fed group, while ruminal ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3$-N) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were increased (p<0.01) by urea treatment. Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations increased (p<0.01) when steers were fed UTRS. Furthermore, VFA concentrations were not altered by treatments (p>0.05), except propionic acid (C3) was increased (p<0.05) in UTRS fed group. Nitrogen (N) balance was affected by urea treatment (p<0.05). Microbial protein synthesis (MCP) synthesis were greater by UTRS and CHR group (p<0.05). The efficiency of microbial N synthesis was greater for UTRS than for RS (p<0.05). From these results, it can be concluded that using the long form combined with urea treatment of rice straw improved feed intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation and efficiency of microbial N synthesis in crossbred dairy steers.

열처리 단백질-광물질 복합제제 첨가가 In Vitro 발효성상과 착유우의 유량 및 유성분에 미치는 영향

최낙진,배귀석,남경표,장문백,엄재상,고종렬,하종규 한국동물자원과학회 2002 한국축산학회지 Vol.44 No.5

본 연구의 in vitro 실험결과를 살펴보면, 배양액의 pH와 암모니아 생성량은 전 배양시간 동안 처리구간 통계적 유의차가 없었다. Total VFA, acetate, propionate, butyrate 생성량은 12 h에서 HPM을 0.2%, 1% 첨가한 시험구에서 대조구와 비교하여 증가하는 경향이 있었으나, 2% 첨가구에서는 오히려 감소되었고, 48 h 에서는 HPM 첨가한 세 처리구에서 대조구와 비교하여 모두 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 반면에, 다른 배양시간대에서는 처리구간 통계적 유의차는 발견되지 않았다. A/P ratio 경우에도 처리구간 유의차는 없었다. 총 gas 생성량은 배양시간 24 h과 48 h에 HPM 처리구에서 대조구와 비교하여 증가하였다 (P<0.05). 한편 사양실험은 열처리된 단백질 (대두박)과 광물질의 복합 제제 (HPM)가 젖소의 유생산량과 유성분에 끼치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행되었는데 그 결과를 요약하면, 유생산량은 대조구와 비교하여 HPM 시험구에서 하루에 약 1㎏ 정도 더 높았고 (27. 7 vs 28.8 ㎏/d, P<0.001), 4% FCM 생성량 또한 대조구와 비교하여 볼 때 HPM 시험구에서 1.3㎏/d 이 더 높았다 (P<0.001). 유단백 (P<0.05)과 SNF (P<0.05)도 대조구와 비교하여 HPM 시험구에서 그 생산량이 증가되었다. 반면에, 유지방, MUN과 체세포수는 처리구간 통계적 유의차가 발견되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 보아, HPM 첨가에 의한 반추위 발효 저해현상은 없었으며, HPM 내 함유되어 있는 열처리된 단백질과 광물질의 결합체와 잔여 광물질이 반추위 내 단백질과 결합하여 단백질 분해 속도를 지연시킴으로써, 단백질의 by-pass율을 증가시켜, 유생산량 증가와 유질을 개선 (유단백질, SNF 함량 증가 등) 하는 등 젖소의 생산성을 향상시킨 것으로 요약할 수 있다. This study, consisting of two experiments, was conducted to determine the effects of feeding heat treated protein and mineral complex (HPM) on milk production and composition, and ruminal fermentation of Holstein dairy cows. In in vitro experiment, HPM levels were 0, 0.2, 1 and 2%, and Timothy hay, which was substrate, was milled as 1 ㎜ size, and the effect of HPM on pH and ammonia and VFA were analyzed after incubation times of 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h, respectively. The pH and ammonia production were not significantly different between treatments during the incubation. In addition, generally, total VFA and individual VFA were not affected by HPM on 0, 6 and 24 h. While, total VFA and individual VFA were increased in 0.2% and 1% of HPM supplemented treatments, but decreased in 2% of HPM treatment compared with control on 12 h. On 48 h, total VFA and individual VFA were increased in HMP treatment compared to control(P<0.05). However, A/P ratio was not affected by HPM supplementation. Gas production was higher in HPM treatment compared to control on 24 h (P<0.05) and 48 h (P<0.05). In lactating experiment, fourteen lactating Holstein cows were used for 4 months in a cross over experimental design. There were two treatment; no added HPM as a control and 0.2% of HPM added as a test treatment. Daily milk yield (P<0.001), 4% FCM (P<0.001), milk protein (P<0.05) and SNF (solid not fat; P<0.05) were increased in HPM treatment compared to control. While, milk fat, MUN (milk urea nitrogen) and SCC (somatic cell count) were not significantly different between treatments.