Overexpression of dehydration-responsive element-binding 1 protein (DREB1) in transgenic Solanum tuberosum enhances tolerance to biotic stress

Mariam Charfeddine,Donia Bouaziz,Safa Charfeddine,Asma Hammami,Oumèma Nouri Ellouz,Radhia Gargouri Bouzid 한국식물생명공학회 2015 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.9 No.2

Plant growth and productivity are greatly affected by environmental stresses such as dehydration, high salinity, low temperature and pathogen infection. Plant adaptation to these environmental stresses is controlled by cascades of molecular networks. The dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) transcription factors play an important role in the response of plants to environmental stresses by controlling the expression of many stress-related genes. They specifically interact with C-repeat/DRE (A/ GCCGAC) sequences present in the promoter regions of target genes. One of the DREB1 cDNA was previously cloned and overexpressed in transgenic potato plants. These transgenic plants displayed an improved tolerance to high salinity and drought stresses. The StDREB1 factor belongs to A-4 group that seem to be involved in biotic stress response. This report investigates the effect of Fusarium solani infection on the StDREB1 transgenic lines. Since a number of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are considered as DREB1 target genes, the expression of PR2, PR9 and PR3 genes were tested under biotic stress conditions. The β-1,3-glucanase (PR2) was specifically induced upon infection, whereas the chitinase and the peroxydase were expressed constitutively. The data also show that high levels of DREB1 transcripts accumulated rapidly when wild-type and transgenic plants were infected by F. solani. DREB1 transgenic potato plants accumulated higher levels of pathogenesis-related gene transcripts, such as PR2. These results showed that StDREB1 plays an important role in response to fungal attack in potato.

An Analysis of Success Factors for Attracting International Distribution Centers

Oum Tae-Hoon 한국무역학회 2004 國際學術大會 論文集 Vol.2004 No.4

La convolution sur le produit tensoriel des espaces localement convexes

Oum, Jang-Il 釜山大學校 1969 論文集 Vol.10 No.1

Observation of Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics and Phonon Relaxation of Graphene from the Deep-Ultraviolet to the Visible Region

Oum, Kawon,Lenzer, Thomas,Scholz, Mirko,Jung, Dae Yool,Sul, Onejae,Cho, Byung Jin,Lange, Jens,Mü,ller, Andreas American Chemical Society 2014 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.118 No.12

<P>We investigated the ultrafast carrier dynamics and phonon relaxation of CVD-grown monolayer and 9-layer graphene on a quartz substrate. Excitation was performed at 400 and 800 nm. The normalized change in optical density ΔOD was probed over the range 260–640 nm (1.94–4.77 eV), reaching down into the region of graphene’s Fano resonance, previously not investigated in femtosecond broadband pump–probe experiments. Time constants of 160 fs and 4 ps were found and assigned to carrier–optical phonon scattering and slower phonon relaxation processes, respectively. The carrier distribution at early times was clearly hotter for 400 nm excitation than for 800 nm excitation. A pronounced spectral bleach feature was observed below 300 nm. It immediately formed after photoexcitation and recovered slowly, with a time constant of 35 ps for monolayer and time constants of 120 and 970 ps for 9-layer graphene. The same dynamics were found for weak transient absorption features above 300 nm, which emerged after ca. 0.5 ps. The slow dynamics were assigned to interfacial heat flow from graphene to the quartz substrate. The bleach and absorption features were well described by a simple model assuming a red-shift of the Fano resonance. This red-shift disappeared with progressive cooling of graphene. We therefore suggest that the red-shift is induced by shrinking of the band separation due to lattice heating.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2014/jpccck.2014.118.issue-12/jp4072197/production/images/medium/jp-2013-072197_0010.gif'></P>

Faster algorithms for vertex partitioning problems parameterized by clique-width

Oum, S.i.,Saether, S.H.,Vatshelle, M. North-Holland Pub. Co ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2014 Theoretical computer science Vol.535 No.-

Many NP-hard problems, such as Dominating Set, are FPT parameterized by clique-width. For graphs of clique-width k given with a k-expression, Dominating Set can be solved in 4<SUP>k</SUP>n<SUP>O(1)</SUP> time. However, no FPT algorithm is known for computing an optimal k-expression. For a graph of clique-width k, if we rely on known algorithms to compute a (2<SUP>3k</SUP>-1)-expression via rank-width and then solving Dominating Set using the (2<SUP>3k</SUP>-1)-expression, the above algorithm will only give a runtime of 4<SUP>2^3^k</SUP>n<SUP>O(1)</SUP>. There have been results which overcome this exponential jump; the best known algorithm can solve Dominating Set in time 2<SUP>O(k^2)</SUP>n<SUP>O(1)</SUP> by avoiding constructing a k-expression Bui-Xuan et al. (2013) [7]. We improve this to 2<SUP>O(klogk)</SUP>n<SUP>O(1)</SUP>. Indeed, we show that for a graph of clique-width k, a large class of domination and partitioning problems (LC-VSP), including Dominating Set, can be solved in 2<SUP>O(klogk)</SUP>n<SUP>O(1)</SUP>. Our main tool is a variant of rank-width using the rank of a 0-1 matrix over the rational field instead of the binary field.

Current Status of North Korean Teaching Method Following the Changes in Content Deployment Method in Textbooks

Oum Hyun Suk 건국대학교 통일인문학연구단 2017 통일인문학 Vol.3 No.2

This article examines the current status of North Korean teaching method according to the changes in the content deployment in textbooks which were published after Kim Jong-un assumed power. The author examined changes in the content deployment of first-year textbooks for elementary, middle and high schools which were published after Kim Jong-un took power and analyzed how such changes affected the teaching method. For this, the article reviewed periodical publications on North Korean education which were published around 2012 to examine the evaluation of the teacher's group which is directly affected the supplementation of the teaching method. The study focused on the changes in content deployment in textbooks as such changes require assessment on whether they require direct changes to the teaching method. The outcome of the study can be summarized as the following. Firstly, changes in the content deployment methods of textbooks are made in various forms and approaches. Secondly, the way of describing contents has deviated from historical narrative. The change of the teaching method is inevitable as the content deployment methods are transformed to enhance readability and to shift focus from knowledge transfer to activity-oriented manner. Moreover, British English education curriculum, teaching materials, teaching aids, and English the teaching method that came from outside helped to solve the thirst for new teaching method. However, it is not an easy task to change the teaching method for the vast majority of North Korean teachers who have not been exposed to the ‘global education development trend.’

Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection in Mammalian Oocytes

Oum. K. B.,K. Y. Cha,K. S. Chung 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 1996 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.19 No.4

An Analysis of Success Factors for Attracting International Distribution Centers

Oum Tae-Hoon 한국무역학회 2004 한국무역학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2004 No.4

GABAergic neurons intermingled with orexin and MCH neurons in the lateral hypothalamus discharge maximally during sleep

Hassani, Oum Kaltoum,Henny, Pablo,Lee, Maan Gee,Jones, Barbara E. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 The European journal of neuroscience Vol.32 No.3

<P>Abstract</P><P>The lateral hypothalamus (LH), where wake-active orexin (Orx)-containing neurons are located, has been considered a waking center. Yet, melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH)-containing neurons are codistributed therein with Orx neurons and, in contrast to them, are active during sleep, not waking. In the present study employing juxtacellular recording and labeling of neurons with Neurobiotin (Nb) in naturally sleeping–waking head-fixed rats, we identified another population of intermingled sleep-active cells, which do not contain MCH (or Orx), but utilize &ggr;-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as a neurotransmitter. The ‘sleep-max’ active neurons represented 53% of Nb-labeled MCH-(and Orx) immunonegative (−) cells recorded in the LH. For identification of their neurotransmitter, Nb-labeled varicosities of the Nb-labeled/MCH− neurons were sought within sections adjacent to the Nb-labeled soma and immunostained for the vesicular transporter for GABA (VGAT) or for glutamate. A small proportion of sleep-max Nb+/MCH− neurons (19%) discharged maximally during slow-wave sleep (called ‘S-max’) in positive correlation with delta electroencephalogram activity, and from VGAT staining of Nb-labeled varicosities appeared to be GABAergic. The vast proportion of sleep-max Nb+/MCH− neurons (81%) discharged maximally during paradoxical sleep (PS, called ‘P-max’) in negative correlation with electromyogram amplitude, and from Nb-labeled varicosities also appeared to be predominantly GABAergic. Given their discharge profiles across the sleep–wake cycle, P-max together with S-max GABAergic neurons could thus serve to inhibit other neurons of the arousal systems, including local Orx neurons in the LH. They could accordingly dampen arousal with muscle tone and promote sleep, including PS with muscle atonia.</P>

루마니아어와 한국어 속담에 대한 의미론적 고찰

엄태현(OUM, Tae Hyun) 한국외국어대학교 외국학종합연구센터 동유럽발칸연구소 2004 동유럽발칸연구 Vol.12 No.2

속담은 매우 특이한 의미구조를 가진 표현의 한 방법이다. 먼저 속담은 문장 형태를 취하면서도 지시대상이 뚜렷한 명칭(denomination)과도 같은 역할을 한다. 일반적으로 문장이라는 단위가 표현하는 의미와 대상이 매 우 자유로움에도 불구하고, 기호와 대상 사이의 고정적, 지속적 지시 관계를 요구하는 명칭관계에 사용될 수 있 다는 것은 속담의 총칭적 특성에 기인한다고 볼 수 있다. 두 번째로 문체론적 관점에서 그리고 어휘론적 관점에 서 볼 때 속담에서 사용되는 어휘의 기능이 일반적인 발화에서 사용되는 어휘의 기능과는 상반되는 방식으로 나타난다. 이런 상반된 어휘적 기능에도 불구하고 일반 화자들은 그 속담을 통하여 의사소통을 하는데 있어서 별다른 문제를 느끼지 않는다. 이것은 속담이 가지고 있는 전형적 율격 구조와 의미적으로 교훈, 처세, 진리 등 을 표현하는 것 등, 속담을 통해서 함께 전달되는 다양한 정보를 통해서 속담을 속담으로서 이해할 수 있게 하 는 메타 언어적 정보가 작동되기 때문이다. 속담을 통해서 그 사회의 문화를 비추어 볼 수 있다. 속담은 개인적이거나 우연적인 사실에 대한 언급은 존재 하지 않으며 장고한 역사성을 가지고 있기 때문에 한 언어사회가 공통적으로 공감하는 사실에 대한 언급만이 존 재한다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 속담은 한 사회의 여러 관념들을 실질적으로 반영하는 거울과 같다고 할 수 있는 것이다. 이런 관점에서 본 연구는 속담에 대한 언어 이론적 고찰과 함께 실질적으로 한국과 루마니아에서 사용되 는 속담에 대한 비교 연구를 통해서 양 사회의 문화적 특성을 비교해 보았다. 음식관련 속담에 비교, 은유 등의 소재로 사용되는 “음식”이 가지는 사회적 의미, 음식의 상징성 등에 대해서 살펴봄으로서 양 언어와 사회에서 나 타난 음식에 대한 관념과 더 나아가서는 삶에 대한 관념을 알아볼 수 있는데 한국과 루마니아는 지리적, 문화적 차이만큼이나 음식과 속담에서도 차이가 나지만 그 이면에 속담이 함의(entailment)하거나 함축(impilcature) 하 는 관념적인 면에서는 많은 유사성이 보인다. Proverb is a way of expression which has a different semantic structures compared to other general expressions. First of all, proverb exists in forms of sentence which, in general, could make a very diverse kinds of senses which may mean that sentence could hardly be used as a linguistic sign making “relations of denomination”, a very firm and settled relation between object and sens. But proverb, even though it exists only in forms of sentence, it is used as a kind of linguistic sign between object and sens. The possibilities of proverb’s becoming a linguistic sign which makes relations of denomination come from its characteristics of expressing general and ordinary orders as an ever lasting truth. Secondly, from the points of Stylistics and Lexicology, the words used in proverbs have a different functions compared to words from ordinary sentences. Though these have a different functions compared to the words in general sentences, speakers in general do not have difficulties in communicating through proverbs. This is largely dependent on the fact that proverbs could be understood as a proverbs by its semantic characters of truth, typical cadences, instructive contents, wisdom of life etc. which could be a meta-linguistic, invisible informations carried by the proverbs. Through proverbs a culture of a society could be reflected. Because proverbs mention only about ever lasting truth, wisdoms without personal experiences or accidental facts, it talks only about common facts which a society could share. So proverbs are like mirrors which reflect diverse thoughts. From this points of view, this article tried to compare cultural characteristics between Romania and Korea by comparing usual proverbs. The proverbs compared in this article are food related proverbs. Food things which are used in proverbs by comparison, allegory could show social meanings on food, and even on life. Like there exist a lot of geographical and cultural differences between Korea and Romania, so appears the differences in proverbs. But there also appears many similarities from entailments or implications of proverbs.