Measurement of Orbit using Standardized Processing of CT Scan

Kim, Yong Oock 국제컴퓨터가상수술학회 2014 Journal of International Society for Simulation Su Vol.1 No.1

Purpose Surgical correction of various occular problems which do not have visual problem in plastic surgical area is to normalize the appearance of the face by restoring the normal position of orbit and eyeball. With development of surgical technique, the orbit can be restored exactly in trauma patient and can be moved totally in hypertelorism, as an example of congenital disease. All these surgeries are based on the hypothesis that the position of oclular glove moves in the plane in a quantitatively predictable reationship to osseous orbit movement. However, no studies have critically evaluated between the change of periorbital soft tissue and the outcome of the surgical correction, because there is no method of objective, quantitave evaluation of the periorbital soft tissue. Method Author suggest the methodology for quantitative assessment of ocular and periocular fat changes using the manipulation of digital images of computed tomographic scan. Results The method was allowed to evaluate inter-dacryon distance, inter-centroid distance, movement of the medial orbital wall, movement of the lateral orbital wall, alteration of thickness of the lateral periorbital fat as indicator of movement of the orbital wall and orbit in the patient with congenital periorbital anomaly and postoperative periorbital surgery. The goal of surgical correction of various occular problems which do not have visual problem in plastic surgical area is to normalize the appearance of the face by restoring the normal position of orbit and eyeball. With development of surgical technique, the orbit can be restored exactly in trauma patient and can be moved totally in hypertelorism, as an example of congenital disease. All these sugeries are based on the hypothesis that the position of oclular glove moves in the plane in a quantitatively predictable relationship to osseous orbit movement. However, no studies have critically evaluated between the change of periorbital soft tissue and the outcome of the surgical correction, because there is no method of objective, quantitave evaluation of the periorbital soft tissue. In this report, author suggest the methodology for quantitative assessment of ocular and periocular fat changes using the manipulation of digital images of computed tomographic scan. Conclusion The method suggested is objective and accurate method in measurement of the orbital contents. It takes time and is not easy to do, however, this kind of measurement for fine structures will be more easily available in near future.

소형 전력계통의 대형 유도전동기 기동 동태해석

양정욱(Jung-Oock Yang),최종수(Jong-Soo Choi),이강완(Kang-Wan Lee) 대한전기학회 2015 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.4

Evaluation of Masseter Muscle Volume after Contouring of Prominent Mandible Angle by Measurement of CT Scan Image

Kim, Yong Oock,Choi, Jong Woo International Society for Simulation Surgery 2014 Journal of International Society for Simulation Su Vol.1 No.2

Purpose The prominent mandible angle, otherwise known as "square face", has been recognized as an aesthetic problem that needs correction by many in the Asian community. Many surgeons considered that mandible angle ostectomy alone, brings about hypotrophy of the masseter muscle. However, it was only proven indirectly (by clinical experience and histological animal experiments) and not objectively. In this study, we evaluated the volume of masseter muscle to prove the effect, objectively. Materials and method Computed tomography (CT) images were used to measure the masseter muscle volume of normal female group (n=6), and of female patient group n=8, preoperative and early & late postoperative volumes) presenting the symptom of prominent mandible angle. The data was analyzed statistically by two-sample t-test and paired t-test using SAS (version 8.2). Results In normal female group, volume average was $16,142{\pm}2,829.8mm^3$. In patient group, preoperative volume averaged $24,447{\pm}4,544.5mm^3$ (p<0.0001), early postoperative volume measured average of $31,966{\pm}50,421mm^3$ which is a 30% increase from the preoperative volume (p<0.0001). Late postoperative measurement was $20,202{\pm}4,092.3mm^3$, which is a 20% decrease from the preoperative volume (p<0.0006). Conclusion The bone reduction of prominent mandible angle induce the hypotrophic effect of masseter muscle after long term follow up (5 more months). This result mean that the result of mandible angle contouring surgery can be considered as combined effect of bony angle reduction and subsequent masseter muscle hypotrophy.

산업체 전력계통 최적 부하차단 기법

양정욱(Jung-Oock Yang),이강완(Kang-Wan Lee) 대한전기학회 2016 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.11

Cranial Growth After Distraction Osteogenesis of the Craniosynostosis

Kim, Yong Oock,Choi, Jong Woo,Kim, Dong Seok,Lee, Won Jae,Yoo, Sun-Kook,Kim, Hee-Joong,Choi, Joong-Eun,Park, Beyoung yun Mutaz B. Habal, MD 2008 JOURNAL OF CRANIOFACIAL SURGERY - Vol.19 No.1

The authors describe the continuance of the growth of the distracted cranium after the reshaping of the cranium by distraction osteogenesis (DO) in children with simple symmetric and asymmetric craniosynostosis.From 2000 until 2002, 9 children with simple craniosynostosis underwent cranial reshaping by gradual distraction using an external distraction device. Four patients have symmetric deformities caused by bicoronal and sagittal craniosynostosis, and 5 patients have asymmetric deformities caused by unicoronal and unilambdoidal craniosynostosis. The distraction device was developed and applied by the author. Preoperative simulation surgery was done on the three-dimensional rapid prototyped model and on the three-dimensional computerized tomography scan to determine the favorable osteotomy line. The distraction rate was from 1 to 1.5 mm/d, and the latency period was from 1 to 5 days. The extent of distraction was determined on the basis of the results of simulation surgery and the change of external appearance. Evaluation of the growth of reshaped cranium was processed from the data of thereconstructed three-dimensional computerized tomography scans before operation, immediate end of distraction, and the last follow-up time. The anteroposterior length and bitemporal width were measured in symmetric synostosis cases, and the distance from supratrochlear notch to occiput was measured in asymmetric synostosis cases.The results showed that the immediate morphologic changes of cranium after DO were maintained in both symmetric and asymmetric synostosis up to the last follow-up without evidence of relapse. Cases of asymmetric deformity also showed that the affected side and the unaffected side had grown with the maintenance of the symmetry that was corrected at the immediate end of the distraction.The cranium modified by the DO was well maintained with the children's growth without any signs of recurrent restricted growth of the original disease. The corrected symmetry of asymmetric deformity was well maintained during a long-term follow-up period as well.

별 모양의 피부 및 연골 절제를 이용한 Stahl's Ear의 교정

김용욱,이정훈,이영섭,이영수 大韓成形外科學會 1995 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.22 No.5

Stahl's ear is a rather rare congenital deformity and operative procedures including have seldom been reported. We recently devised a simple method of surgical treatment, chondrocutaneous star shape excision which allows formation of a helical fold with good results.

피부관통 정복술 및 골 부착 외고정장치를 사용한 관골궁 골절의 치료

김용욱,김경목,이희문 大韓成形外科學會 1998 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.25 No.6

Zygomatic arch is a prominent structure among facial bone and this is the major cause of vulnerability from the facial trauma. The fracture of zygomatic arch has been treated by ancillary methods of closed reduction approaching through temporal incision or intraoral incision. But, these methods gas a limitation of reduction force vector and it has a difficulty in maintaining the secure fixation of the reduced unstable fractured bones. All 22 cases of zygomatic fracture were reduced by transcutaneous screw and fixed with external fixation device successfully. There was no post-operative complication, such as non union, malunion, and visible scar. This method also has advantages of less post-operative edema and pain.

두개골막피판 및 역측두근피판을 이용한 전두동 골절의 치료

김용욱,이영수,이정훈,이영섭 大韓成形外科學會 1995 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.22 No.3

Frontal sinus fracture associated with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea often neccessitates definitive treatment to prevent grave complications such as mucocele, mucopyocele, brain abscess, and other life-threatening ascending infection of intracranium. The treatmen should comprise ablation of frontal sinus, obliteration of dead space and existing intracranial-nasopharyngeal communication, and restoration of bony barrier for protection of intracranial-nasopharyngeal communication is the most crucial aspect of the treatment because serious as cending intracranial infection such as intracranial abscess or meningitis is a frequent outcome. In 7 patients with frontal sinus fracture, the authors used pericranial flap or reverse temporalis muscle flap based on the superficial temporal vessels to obliterate the dead space and existing intracranial-nasopharyngeal communication after the ablation of frontal sinus and cranialization of posterior wall of frontal sinus. The patients were followed for 4-20 months, and both pericranial and reverse temporalis muscle flaps were effective to prevent the complications of frontal sinus fracture.

단두증 간질환아의 완전 두개성형술 치험례

김용욱,김경목,신동진,김형태 大韓成形外科學會 1999 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.26 No.5

Craniosysostosis is a congenital anomaly which should be corrected at an early age. The correction should be both for shape as well as to assure normal growth of the brain. In the past, many patients of craniosysostosis underwent corrective suturectomy only for the purpose of removing constructive forces on the brain. However, recurrence is frequent and further deformity in the shape of the skull and face often develop. The particular patient in this article had undergone a simple suturectomy in the neurosurgery department. For 12 years, he had suffered from not only the deformed shape of the skull but also from medical refractory epileptic convulsions. Therefore, the patient underwent total cranial remodeling for correction of a deformed forehead and skull following correction of the bone contour. Unexpectedly, the epileptic convulsions of the patient markedly improved with the new shape. Based upon these results, the authors suggest that secondary total cranial remodeling can improve the convulsions by affecting the epileptic focus which may have been caused by previous operational scars on the dura.

산소유리기 제거제가 저산소-재산소화로 인한 배양 섬유아 세포의 증식에 미치는 영향

김용욱,이장원,김동구,최재원 大韓成形外科學會 1997 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.24 No.2

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hypoxia-reoxygenation on the proliferation of fibroblast, and to elucidate the role of oxygen free radicals in this process. Malme-3 fibroblast, derived from human skin fibroblast, was used for this study. The hypoxia or reoxygenation condition was made by exposing cultured cells to the environment of 95% N₂, 5% CO₂ or 95% room air, 5% CO₂, respectively. Cell proliferation was estimated by the cell number, and DNA synthesis was measured by the [³H] -thymidine uptake. Release of oxygen free radicals was measured by the means of Ohkawa`s method of lipid peroxidation. The effect of oxygen free radicals was confirmed by using dimethylthiourea ( DMTU ) and α-tocopherol, two known oxygen free radical scavengers. The results are as follows ; 1. The dissolved oxygen of the culture medium was 8.87±1.23 ppm in the normal condition. When the culture dish was exposed to the hypoxic condition for 3 or 6 hours, the dissolved oxygen of the culture medium decreased markedly to the level of 3.10±0.46 ppm or 2.37±0.47 ppm, respectively. 2. The number of cultured cells increased in a hypoxia duration-dependent manner up to 6 hours when the cells were cultured for 24 hours after hypoxia. The same pattern was observed in the cells cultured for 48 hours after hypoxia. Lipid peroxidation in the culture increased after the exposure to hypoxia-reoxygenation. DMTU or α-tocopherol blocked the increase in lipid peroxidation induced by the exposure to hypoxia-reoxygenation. 3. [ 3H ]-thymidine uptake of the cultured cells increased after the exposure to hypoxia-reoxygenation. 4. DMTU or α-tocopherol blocked the proliferation of fibroblasts induced by the exposure to hypoxia-reoxygenation. The increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was also noted after the exposure to hypoxia-reoxygenation, and this increase was blocked by DMTU or α-tocopherol. These results indicate that the hypoxia-reoxygenation induces the proliferation of fibroblasts, and that oxygen free radicals play an important role in this process. Moreover, oxygen free radical scavengers may be of potential therapeutic value in preventing fibrosis.