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Olubunmi Atolani,Gabriel A. Olatunji,Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi,Adekunle J. Adeniji,Omonike O. Ogbole 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.10
Studies suggest that the traditional applications of Kigelia pinnata leaves have beneficial effects against oxidative stress–mediated diseases and cancers. The pulverized dried leaves of K. pinnata were extracted with hexane, ethylacetate, and methanol sequentially, and the crude extracts were fractionated by silica gel column chromatography with solvent gradient of increasing polarity. 3-hydro-4,8-phytene, trans-phytol, (9Z,12Z)-methyl octadeca-9,12-dienoate, and two oil fractions were obtained. The chemical compositions of chromatographic fractions were determined using gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy. The structure elucidations of the isolated compounds were based on FTIR, MS, and NMR spectral data analyses. These along with the crude extracts were examined for their antioxidant activities using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, and 2,2-azinobis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS) assays. Total phenolic contents were also determined. The crude extracts and purified compounds were evaluated on the rhabdomyosarcoma human cancer cell for their cytotoxicity using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability assays. The methanol extract was richer in phenolics and was most potent as antioxidant and cytotoxic agent among all the substances tested. Among the fractions and pure compounds, the two oil fractions showed more cytotoxicity potency, with IC50s of 143.4 – 0.5 and 147.9 – 1.3 ng/mL, which is more significant than the reference standard, cyclophosphamide (165.6 – 1.0 ng/mL). 3-hydro-4,8-phytene showed lower antioxidant and cytotoxicity potential (IC50 = 1818 – 5.2 lg/mL and 171.7 – 0.8 ng/mL, respectively). Trans-phytol did not show a high cytotoxic power (IC50 =769.8 – 4.3 ng/mL). The comparatively high cytotoxicity index of (9Z, 12Z)-methyl octadeca-9,12-dienoate (IC50 = 153.3 –0.1 ng/mL) indicated that it may be one of the principal cytotoxic agent in the ethyl acetate extract. These results suggest that the leaves of K. pinnata possess tumor cytotoxic potential and could be part of a drug combination for future cancer chemotherapy.
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Ultrasonographic quantification of pleural effusion: comparison of four formulae
Bolanle Olubunmi Ibitoye,Bukunmi Michael Idowu,Akinwumi Babatunde Ogunromb,Babalola Ishmael Afolab 대한초음파의학회 2018 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.37 No.3
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlations of ultrasonographically estimated volumes of pleural fluid with the actual effusion volume in order to determine the most reliable formula. Methods: In 32 consecutive patients with clinically diagnosed pleural effusion, an ultrasound estimation was made of the volume of effusion using four different formulae, including two in the erect position and two in the supine position. Closed-tube thoracostomy drainage using a 28-Fr chest tube was performed. The total drainage was calculated after confirmation of full lung re-expansion and complete drainage by plain chest radiographs and ultrasound. The ultrasonographically estimated volume was compared to the actual total volume drained as the gold standard. Results: There were 14 female and 18 male subjects. The mean age of all subjects was 41.56±18.34 years. Fifty percent of the effusions were in the left hemithorax. Metastatic disease accounted for the plurality of effusions (31.2%). The mean total volume drained for all the subjects was 2,770±1,841 mL. The ultrasonographically estimated volumes for the erect 1, erect 2, supine 1, and supine 2 formulae were 1,816±753 mL, 1,520±690 mL, 2,491±1,855 mL, and 1,393±787 mL, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients (r) for the estimate of each formula were 0.75, 0.81, 0.62, and 0.63, respectively. Conclusion: Although both erect formulae showed similar correlations, the erect 2 formula (Goecke 2) was most closely correlated with the actual volume drained.
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Significant Factors Affecting the Mode of Rice Processing in Igbemo-Ekiti, Nigeria
Joseph Omoniyi Basorun,Julius Olubunmi Fasakin 한국경영과학회 2010 Management Science and Financial Engineering Vol.16 No.1
In Nigeria, Igbemo-Ekiti is synonymous with a popular local rice which, nevertheless, is characterized with contaminations. Efforts of Government through the Agricultural Development Project (ADP) to improve rice quality in the state, have failed to yield the desired results. This study, therefore, reports the peculiar factors influencing the processing of rice in Igbemo-a major local producing town in Ekiti State, Nigeria. 72 respondents were interviewed, which was a census of the rice processors in 21 residential quarters of the town. Using the multiple linear regression models for analysis, the study discovered that; (ⅰ) status of the processors, (ⅱ) expenditure on processing (ⅲ) training acquired before commencing work, and (ⅳ) storage facilities are crucial factors impacting rice processing activities in the town. The paper canvasses for policy measures based on research findings.
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Henry Onyebuchi Okonkwo,Olubunmi Ayokunle Koyejo,Joseph Okechukwu Ariwaodo,Nsien Iniobong Bruno 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2023 Journal of Forest Science Vol.39 No.2
Little is known of the life history of Garcinia kola; the objective of this study, therefore, was to assess the fruiting age and tree size of the species in a coastal humid tropical climate plantation condition. A total 103 trees were used in the study viz; 80 ten-year-old trees at reproductive maturity onset and 13 thirty-year-old trees with several cycles of reproduction that constitute two independent variables. Data collected were age of onset of flowering and size at reproductive maturity onset. Relative size at reproductive maturity onset (RSOM) was estimated as size at reproductive maturity onset (SOM) divided by asymptotic maximal size (AMS). Data analysis was conducted using pairwise t-test and principal component analysis (PCA). Reproductive maturity onset (flowering) was recorded in the ten-year-old stand eight (8) years after planting. Mean size at reproductive maturity onset (SOM) was height 5.32±1.7 m, dbh 0.11±0.03 m, total number of branches was 29.6±7.3, crown depth 5.24±1.05 m, crown diameter was 4.78±0.7 m, branch diameter 0.098±0.01 m, leaf length 0.13±0.02 m, leaf breadth 0.37±0.01 m, twig length 0.35±0.11 m and leaf per twig 6±0.84 and asymptotic maximal size (AMS) was height 19.85±0.76 m, dbh 0.95±0.09 m, total number of branches 62±5, crown depth 18.83±0.7 m, crown diameter 12.5±1.64 m, branch diameter 0.5±1.6 m, leaf length 0.16±0.023 m, leaf breadth 0.45±0.12 m, twig length 0.37±0.11 m and leaf per twig 19±7.5. Pairwise t-test analysis showed there was significant differences between SOM and AMS in all growth factors except leaf length, leaf breadth, and twig length. Highest relative size at reproductive maturity onset (RSOM) was recorded in leaf length 0.82, twig length 0.82, and leaf breadth 0.80, while, the lowest was branch diameter 0.11. Four components out of the total of eleven were extracted to explain the relationship in RSOM: Principal component one (PC1) explained 37.23%; PC2 26.4%, PC3 22.73%, and PC4 13.64%.
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Doppler sonography of perifibroid and intrafibroid arteries of uterine leiomyomas
( Bukunmi Michael Idowu ),( Bolanle Olubunmi Ibitoye ) 대한산부인과학회 2018 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.61 No.3
Objective To sonographically evaluate the dominant fibroid nodule vascularity and flow velocity pattern of perifibroid and intrafibroid arteries. Methods We recruited 140 women with uterine fibroids. Their uteri were scanned to determine the vascularity of fibroid nodules and the Doppler indices of the fibroid arteries. Results The median volume of the dominant leiomyoma nodule was 133 ㎤ (range=1.5-2,575 ㎤). Eighty-three subjects (59.3%) had a dominant leiomyoma nodule volume of ≤200.0 ㎤ while the volume of the dominant leiomyoma nodule was >200.0 ㎤ in 57 (40.7%) subjects. The dominant fibroid nodule was vascular in 137 (97.9%) subjects and avascular in 3 (2.1%). All the perifibroid artery indices (except the end-diastolic velocity [EDV] and diastolic average ratio [DAR]) are significantly higher than those of the intrafibroid artery. The mean Doppler indices of perifibroid vs. intrafibroid arteries as follows: peak systolic velocity (PSV; 52.1 vs. 45.4 cm/s); EDV (21.1 vs. 22.4 cm/s); time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMX; 31.5 vs. 30.4 cm/s); time-averaged mean velocity (Tmean; 14.3 vs. 13.8 cm/s); pulsatility index (PI; 1.1 vs. 0.8); resistive index (RI; 0.6 vs. 0.5); systolic-diastolic ratio (SDR; 2.7 vs. 2.1); impedance index (ImI; 2.7 vs. 2.1); and DAR (0.66 vs. 0.74); P<0.001 for all indices. Conclusion The predominant pattern of fibroid vascularity is peripheral vascularity and the perifibroid artery indices (except EDV and DAR) are significantly higher than those of the intrafibroid artery. Recurrent fibroids in women with previous myomectomy had significantly higher intrafibroid PI, RI, SDR, and ImI than those without previous myomectomy.
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Anaelechi J. Onuegbu,Japhet M. Olisekodiaka,Sylvia E. Irogue,Ubuo K. Amah,John E. Okwara,Olubunmi G. Ayelagbe,Christian E. Onah 한국식품영양과학회 2018 Journal of medicinal food Vol.21 No.5
Consumption of soy products is speculated to reduce the risk and progression of some disease conditions. The underlying mechanisms mediating this effect are uncertain, but the lowering of oxidative stress has been suggested. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of soymilk on antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in apparently healthy individuals. Five hundred milliliters of soymilk was taken daily by each of 39 apparently healthy individuals for a period of 28 days. Two sets of blood samples (baseline and after 28 days of soymilk intake) were collected and assayed for total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) levels, using standard methods. Consumption of soymilk significantly increased serum TAC and reduced serum MDA when compared with baseline values (P < .001, P < .001 respectively). The decrease in MDA concentration was significantly contributed by the women (P < .001). Mean serum Mn was also significantly reduced (P = .03) when compared with baseline values. There were no changes in serum Zn concentration and the activity of SOD enzyme. The serum GST activity was significantly increased in men (P = .02) and significantly reduced in women (P < .001) in comparison with their corresponding baseline values. Daily consumption of soymilk enhanced antioxidant status and this led to reduced lipid peroxidation. It also resulted in a significant reduction of Mn. The dietary use of soymilk as an adjuvant to supplement meals seems beneficial health wise. However, soymilk should be taken with caution as it could result in micronutrient deficiency.
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Hemoglobin F level in different hemoglobin variants
Akanni E. Olufemi,Oseni B. Sola,Bamisaye E. Oluwaseyi,Raji A. Ajani,Mewoyeka O. Olusoji,Hassan R. Olubunmi 대한혈액학회 2011 Blood Research Vol.46 No.2
Background :Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels in different hemoglobin variants in Osogbo, Nigeria, were estimated using two principal methods of estimation using existing information for HbF concentration and distribution of various hemoglobin variants in the area, as well as diagnosed cases of thalassemia. Two hundred and sixty samples collected from HbSS, HbSC, HbAA, HbAS, and HbAC subjects were analyzed. HbF level and hemoglobin type were determined in this study. Methods :The hemoglobin type was determined using cellulose acetate electrophoresis at an alkaline pH, and HbF was determined by the acid elution and alkaline denaturation methods. Results :The mean±SD of HbF in the respective hemoglobin variants was as follows: HbSS, 2.09±1.94%; HbSC, 0.85±0.54%; HbAA, 0.69±0.46%; HbAS, 0.52±0.31%; and HbAC, 0.57±0.26%. The mean HbF level across the hemoglobin variants was statistically significant (P<0.05). Investigating the sex distribution of the HbF level in the studied population revealed a slightly higher mean HbF level in females than in their male counterparts. Conclusion :Within the study population, the HbF level was found to be highest in HbSS and lowest in HbAS. The two methods of estimating HbF are equally reliable, since there was no significant difference between the results obtained from the two methods.
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