Antibacterial phytocomplexes and compounds from Psychotria sycophylla (Rubiaceae) against drug-resistant bacteria

Olive M. F. Demgne,Judith Flore Tchuissang Mbougnia,Armel Jackson Seukep,Armelle Tsafack Mbaveng,Mathieu Tene,Paul Nayim,Brice E. N. Wamba,Michel-Gael F. Guefack,Veronique Penlap Beng,Pierre Tane,Vict 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2022 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.22 No.4

In this study, we examined the antibacterial and antibiotic-resistance reversal properties of methanol (MeOH) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts and compounds from Psychotria sycophylla aerial parts against drug-resistant bacteria. The tests were performed using the microdilution method. The mechanisms of action were investigated on growth kinetic and proton pumps of Escherichia coli. The structures of isolated compounds including oleanolic acid (1), ursolic acid (2), lupeol (3), betulinic acid (4), β-sitosterol glucoside (5), and stigmasterol (6), were established based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI–MS). The extracts displayed noteworthy antibacterial activities, with recorded minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 4 to 1024 μg/mL. Significant activities (MIC < 100 μg/ mL) were obtained with the MeOH extract against Providencia stuartii PS2636 and Staphylococcus aureus MRSA9 (MIC of 16 μg/mL) as well as the EtOAc extract against S. aureus MRSA3 (MIC of 32 μg/mL) and Enterobacter aerogenes EA27 (MIC of 4 μg/mL). MeOH extract displayed a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, acting against 21 out of 22 studied bacteria. The MICs of compounds (1–6) varied from 16 to 256 μg/mL. Oleanolic acid (1) appeared to be the most effective, preventing the growth of 100% of studied bacteria. The MeOH extract significantly enhanced the efficacy of conventional antibiotics against selected multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. The mechanistic investigations showed interference of MeOH with bacterial growth kinetic (by extending the lag phase) and inhibition of proton pumps. The current study provides a strong experimental baseline to consider P. sycophylla extracts and compounds as potent antibacterial natural products.

Learning from South Korea's development experience

Olive Cocoman 한국국제협력단 2011 국제개발협력 Vol.2011 No.3

Aquaculture of Polychaeta : A Solution to Meet Demand for Polychaeta as a World Resources

피터윌리엄올리브(Peter JW Olive) 한국조류학회 2000 국제심포지움 일정 및 발표논문집 - 21세기, 해양환경과 해양생물자원의 전망 Vol.- No.-

Polychaeta are not directly consumed as food in most countries but nevertheless are an important world resource. Economic demand for Polychaeta arises from two principal uses:- 1) use as a live bait in sea angling and 2)use as a nutritional supplement in the brood stock maturation systems for fin fish and marine Crustacea. The tradition of using live Polychaeta as baits fur hook based methods of fishing has a long history but the development of mass markets for the leisure industry has meant that supplies of worms close to centres of urban population frequently are insufficient to meet demand. The consequences of this have been non-sustainable over collection and the collection and distribution of worms across geographical boundaries. Both are undesirable and culture of polychaete worms has developed in Western Europe as a niche industry capable of supplying demand for this industry. This has in turn created a technical capability to meet the more recent, and potentially much lager, demand for worms as a component of diets designed to improve hatchery performance in fin fish and marine crustacean culture. Marine worms are at the base of many food chains and provide a natural component in the diet of many organisms including those recently introduced to culture. The sustainable development of shrimp (Peneaus) culture is presently hindered by the failure to develop hatchery systems capable of meeting world demand for Penaeus larvae. The discovery that incorporation of fresh worm biomass into the diets of brood stocks results in improved hatchery performance has resulted in rapid rise in demand for suitable worms and aquaculture presents an ideal source for this material that can be integrated with world patterns of production r food organisms. We have carried out an analysis of the lipid make up of Nereis virens cultured in NE England. Our results show that the lipid content (c 17%) is significantly higher that that in wild stocks of similar species. We have characterised the lipid content by GC and GCMS and show that the PUFA profile is particularly diverse and contains all the known essential PUFA. The cultured worms have an added value because of their production away from known sources of viral agents such as white spot disease. Suitable development of aquaculture to meet the growing demand for polycbaetes as a "resource" is now considered possible.

A Relevance-Theoretic Approach to Apology in Filipino and English

Olive Gim,Sangcheol Lee 한국언어연구학회 2021 언어학연구 Vol.26 No.3

The present study aims to prove that there are apology strategies in certain languages that cannot be found in other languages like in the case of Filipino and English. Some apology strategies in English may not be suitable to use in certain contexts or situations and neither do they share the same functions to the strategies in Filipino. Expressions like “Sorry na” in Filipino and “I’m sorry” in English do not share completely the same functions since the former is commonly used as a casual apology with near zero sincerity compared to the latter. Although they are used similarly, their communicative intention varies. “Pasensiya na” on the other hand, is used to show sincerity and ingenuity than that of “Sorry na.” Hence, this study aims to explore the pragmatic interpretation of Filipino and English apology strategies and emphasize their cultural implications in different contextual situations. Moreover, it aims to find similarities in the usage and function of each strategy, and to analyze the speech act of apology based on the principle of Relevance theory. Relevance Theory may shed some light to understanding the usage and function of these culture-bound apology strategies.

Endogenous and radiation-induced expression of @?H2AX in biopsies from patients treated for carcinoma of the uterine cervix

Olive, P.L.,Banuelos, C.A.,Durand, R.E.,Kim, J.Y.,Aquino-Parsons, C. Elsevier Science Publishers 2010 Radiotherapy and oncology Vol.94 No.1

<P>Background and purpose: The possibility of using gamma H2AX foci as a marker of DNA damage and as a potential predictor of turnout, response to treatment was examined using biopsies from 3 sets of patients with advanced carcinoma of the cervix. The relation between endogenous gamma H2AX expression and hypoxia was also examined. Materials and methods: Set I consisted of 26 biopsies that included pre-treatment and 24 h post-radiation treatment samples. Pre-treatment biopsies from 12 patients in Set 2 were used to develop image analysis Software while pre-treatment biopsies from 33 patients in Set 3 were examined for the relation between staining for the hypoxia marker pimonidazole and endogenous gamma H2AX expression. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections were analyzed after antigen retrieval and fluorescence antibody labeling for the hypoxia markers CAIX or pimonidazole in combination with gamma H2AX staining. Results: Before treatment, 24 +/- 19% of cells contained gamma H2AX foci, with most positive cells containing fewer than 5 foci per nucleus. Twenty-four hours after exposure to the first fraction of 1.8-2.5 Gy. 38 +/- 19% contained foci. CAIX positive cells were 1.4 times more likely to exhibit endogenous gamma H2AX foci, and pimonidazole-positive cells were 2.8 times more likely to contain gamma H2AX foci. For 18 patients for whom both pre-treatment and 24 h post-irradiation biopsies were available, local control was unrelated to the fraction of cells that retained gamma H2AX foci. However, 24 h after irradiation, tumours that had received 2.5 Gy showed a significantly higher fraction of cells with residual gamma H2AX foci than tumours given 1.8 Gy. Conclusions: Endogenous gamma H2AX foci are enriched in hypoxic tumour regions. Small differences in delivered dose can produce quantifiable differences in residual DNA damage that can overshadow inter-tumour differences in response. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. Radiotherapy and Oncology 94 (2010) 82-89</P>

Cultural Metaphors in Language

( Maria Olive Gay Padiernos ),이상철 ( Sangcheol Lee ) 현대영미어문학회 2018 현대영미어문학회 추계학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2018 No.-

A Comparative Study of Food Metaphors in Filipino and English* First Author, ** Corresponding Author

Maria Olive Gay Padiernos,이상철 한국언어연구학회 2018 언어학연구 Vol.23 No.3

Lakoff and Johnson (1980), whose work is pioneer in the cognitive approaches to metaphor, suggest that we cognitively interpret metaphors by mapping the relationship between a source and a target domain. According to their theory, metaphor is an ‘ordinary’ part of language, not ‘extraordinary’ both in thought and action as it is conventionalized in our cognitive structure. In cross-linguistic study, however, metaphor is rather seen as cultural-cognitive – as the mapping of metaphorical concepts involves not only a cognitive source but also a cultural source. In metaphorical languages such as Filipino, metaphor serves as an everyday language as it influences Filipino speakers’ attitudes, values, ways of thinking and evaluations. Several of these metaphors, thus far, are remarkably associated with food. Interestingly, English also has its share on the use of food metaphor. Although not pervasively used as an everyday language, some food metaphors found in English are conceptualized similarly to Filipino language in terms of individual’s personality or character, state of mind, state of affairs and living conditions. These food metaphors however, remain culture specific as variation in linguistic expression takes place. This study, therefore, attempts to reveal that there are culture-specific food metaphors in Filipino that manifest similarity (in meaning, interpretation, context and usage) to English food metaphors—hence, undergo the same conceptualization process.

A Comparative Study of Food Metaphors in Filipino and English

Maria Olive Gay Padiernos,이상철 한국언어연구학회 2018 언어학연구 Vol.23 No.3

Lakoff and Johnson (1980), whose work is pioneer in the cognitive approaches to metaphor, suggest that we cognitively interpret metaphors by mapping the relationship between a source and a target domain. According to their theory, metaphor is an ‘ordinary’ part of language, not ‘extraordinary’ both in thought and action as it is conventionalized in our cognitive structure. In cross-linguistic study, however, metaphor is rather seen as cultural-cognitive – as the mapping of metaphorical concepts involves not only a cognitive source but also a cultural source. In metaphorical languages such as Filipino, metaphor serves as an everyday language as it influences Filipino speakers’ attitudes, values, ways of thinking and evaluations. Several of these metaphors, thus far, are remarkably associated with food. Interestingly, English also has its share on the use of food metaphor. Although not pervasively used as an everyday language, some food metaphors found in English are conceptualized similarly to Filipino language in terms of individual’s personality or character, state of mind, state of affairs and living conditions. These food metaphors however, remain culture specific as variation in linguistic expression takes place. This study, therefore, attempts to reveal that there are culture-specific food metaphors in Filipino that manifest similarity (in meaning, interpretation, context and usage) to English food metaphors—hence, undergo the same conceptualization process.

Aquaculture of Polychaeta: a Solution to Meet Demand for Polychaeta as a World Resources

William Olive, Peter J.,Islam, Monirul,D Cowin, Peter B 영남대학교 해양과학연구소 2000 국제심포지움 일정 및 발표논문집 Vol.2000 No.1

Polychaeta are not directly consumed as food in most countries but nevertheless are an important world resource. Economic demand for Polychaeta arises from two principal uses:- 1) use as a live bait in sea angling and 2)use as a nutritional supplement in the brood stock maturation systems for fin fish and marine Crustacea. The tradition of using live Polychaeta as baits fur hook based methods of fishing has a long history but the development of mass markets for the leisure industry has meant that supplies of worms close to centres of urban population frequently are insufficient to meet demand. The consequences of this have been non-sustainable over collection and the collection and distribution of worms across geographical boundaries. Both are undesirable and culture of polychaete worms has developed in Western Europe as a niche industry capable of supplying demand for this industry. This has in turn created a technical capability to meet the more recent, and potentially much lager, demand for worms as a component of diets designed to improve hatchery performance in fin fish and marine crustacean culture. Marine worms are at the base of many food chains and provide a natural component in the diet of many organisms including those recently introduced to culture. The sustainable development of shrimp (Peneaus) culture is presently hindered by the failure to develop hatchery systems capable of meeting world demand for Penaeus larvae. The discovery that incorporation of fresh worm biomass into the diets of brood stocks results in improved hatchery performance has resulted in rapid rise in demand for suitable worms and aquaculture presents an ideal source for this material that can be integrated with world patterns of production r food organisms. We have carried out an analysis of the lipid make up of Nereis virens cultured in NE England. Our results show that the lipid content (c 17%) is significantly higher that that in wild stocks of similar species. We have characterised the lipid content by GC and GCMS and show that the PUFA profile is particularly diverse and contains all the known essential PUFA. The cultured worms have an added value because of their production away from known sources of viral agents such as white spot disease. Suitable development of aquaculture to meet the growing demand for polycbaetes as a "resource" is now considered possible.

Cultural Presupposition and Accommodation

Maria Olive Gay Padiernos,이상철 한국현대언어학회 2018 언어연구 Vol.34 No.3

The Journal of Studies in Language 00.0, 000-000. There are plenty of culture-bound words, phrases and utterances in a person’s language that are difficult (or almost impossible) to presuppose and accommodate, for the reason that they are unique only to the speakers of that particular language (i.e. not universally shared across languages and cultures). Therefore, the current study aims to shed light on cultural presuppositions, and on how accommodation takes place between languages. This study hopes to identify culture-specific presuppositions found in English and Filipino, discuss and elaborate the adjustments done by the participants in accommodating cultural presuppositions and give emphasis to the significance of the hearer’s willingness to accept the speaker’s cultural beliefs, background, values and systems without creating a fuss—or defying it—in order to build a common cultural ground and successfully accommodate cultural presuppositions. (Chungnam National University)