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Bio-functions of Marine Carotenoids
Masashi Hosokawa,Tomoko Okada,Nana Mikami,Izumi Konishi,Kazuo Miyashita 한국식품과학회 2009 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.18 No.1
Carotenoids being most important pigments among those occurring in nature, have received increased interest owing to their beneficial effects on human health. An effort is made to review marine carotenoids as important bioactive compounds with reference to their presence, chemical, and biofunctional benefits they afford. The potential beneficial effects of marine carotenoids were particularly focused on astaxanthin and fucoxanthin, major marine carotenoids found in marine animals and aquatic plants, respectively. Both carotenoids show strong antioxidant activity which is attributed to quenching singlet oxygen and scavenging free radicals. The potential role of the carotenoids as dietary antioxidants has been suggested as being one of the main mechanism by which they afford their beneficial health effects such as anticancer activity and antiinflammatory effect. Only recently, antiobesity effect and antidiabetic effect have been noted as specific and novel biofunctions of fucoxanthin. Nutrigenomic study reveals that fucoxanthin induces uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) mitochondria to lead to oxidation of fatty acids and heat production in WAT. Fucoxanthin improves insulin resistance and decreases blood glucose level, at least in part, through the down-regulation of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) in WAT of animals.
Masafumi Kirino,Yuki Yajima,Seu Mi Kim,Setsuko Okada,Yong Taek Kim,Kazuo Nakajima 한국노인복지학회 2002 International Journal of Welfare for the Aged Vol.7 No.-
The purpose of this study was to develop an IADL scale for elderly residing in health and welfare institutions with an exploratory, confirmatory and simultaneous factor analyses. Subjects were 7,251 residents of 111 special elderly nursing homes and 5,087 residents of 5 health care facilities for the elderly in Shizuoka prefecture. First, the exploratory factor analysis yield four factors: Feeding-related activities, Cleaning-related activities, Intellectual-living-related activities, and Mobility-related activities, respectively. Second, the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the model comprised of 13 items was fit to our data. Third, the simultaneous factor analysis with six groups divided by sex(male, female) and age brackets(younger-old = 65-74, older-old = 75-84, oldest-old = 85 or more) showed that the model was fit to our data in each group. These results supported validity of the IADL scale for institutional elderly. These findings are expected to provide clinically useful implications particularly in evaluating outcomes of rehabilitation and in designing care-plan adequate to the functional level of institutional elderly.
Influence of Cognitive and Functional Impairment on Depression among Institutional Older Residents
Yuki Yajima,Masafumi Kirino,Seu Mi Kim,Setsuko Okada,Yong Taek Kim,Kazuo Nakajima 한국노인복지학회 2002 International Journal of Welfare for the Aged Vol.7 No.-
The purpose of the study was to examine the relationships between cognitive and functional impairment and depression in terms of Lazarus and Folkmans theoretical perspective. We analyzed the responses of 208 older adults residing in the special elderly nursing homes and/or the health care facilities for the elderly. The results of our statistical analyses was as follows: (1) The exploratory factor analyses for two stress-appraisal scales of cognitive and functional impairment provided one-factor solution, respectively. The confirmatory factor analyses indicated the each one-factor measurement model yielded adequate indices of fit. It is evidence for their construct validity and unidimensionality. (2) Our path analytic model using structural equation modeling demonstrated that indirect effects of the cognitive and functional impairment on the depression through an increase in the stress-appraisals of their impairment. Significant direct effects of both cognitive and functional impairment on the depression were not found. These results indicate that stress-appraisals of cognitive and functional impairment play an important role in mediating the relationship between cognitive and functional impairment as a stressor, and depression as a stress response. Therefore, it is necessary to concern stress-appraisals of cognitive and functional impairment in designing and establishing an effective mental health care system for institutional older residents.