授乳期 女性의 營養知識 및 授乳態度에 관한 硏究

田玉蓮,金聖美 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1990 科學論集 Vol.16 No.-

The purpose of this study is to grasp nutrition knowledge and lactation attitudes of mothers in lactation now and to be basic data which encourage breast-feeding in future. The subject of this study was 106 mothers of infant in lactation until 15 months old after delivery in Daegu Area (Naedang-dong,Sungdang-dong)and Dalsung Area (Hyeonpoong-myeon,Yuga-myeon, Guji-myeon.) All participating mothers of infant were randomly chosen. The time of this study was conducted from January 5th to January 25th,1988. The method of this study was that the researcher visited with mothers of infant and interviewed with them using questionaire. The collected materials were analyzed using frequency distribution,percentage,mean,X²test (Chi-Square)and F-test. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. Conducting the F-test,the score of nutritional knowledge according to age, educational level and monthly incomes showed significant differences. The score of nutritional knowledge was shown to be high among older mothers, the well-educated, city-dwellers and people with high incomes. 2. In lactation patterns according to the score of nutritional knowledge, the groups with the lower score gave their infants breast-feeding, whereas higher scoring groups provided them with bottle-feeding. 3. The sources of information about nutition knowledge and weaning did not show significant difference between division of ages and education levels. 4. In educational level and resident area of mothers, the educational level of country dwellers was low, whereas the educational level of city-dwellers was high. 5. In lactation patterns according to mothers'age, the groups who were younger than 25years old gave their infants breast-feeding, whereas the groups who were older than 30years old provided them with bottle-feeding. 6. In lactation patterns according to educational level,the groups who had lower education gave their infants breastfeeding, whereas the higher educated mothers provided them with bottle-feeding. 7. In lactation patterns according to resident area, countrydwellers gave their infants breast-feeding, whereas city-dwellers provided them bottle-feeding. 8. In lactation patterns according to monthly income,the lower income groups seemed to have breast-feeding, whereas the higher income groups seemed to have bottle-feeding. 9. The time of onset of the weaning was found to be earlier in the old aged, the higher educated and city-dweller groups. 10. The time of the termination of the weaning was found earlier in higher educated, city-dweller groups.

江戶時代 小袖에 나타난 文樣 考察法

朴玉連,韓美卿 慶星大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.19 No.2

This study proposed that Japanese Kosode was appeared the kinds and technics of the pattern. The main results were as follows. 1. The pattern in Kosode expressed the human and the nature-animal, botanic, natural appearance, scenery. 2. The technics in Kosode were Embroidery, Tie-Dyeing, Especially, Yuzen-Dyeing advanced. 3. Kosode in Edo era influenced the brevity composition and splendour pattern in the current Kimono.

1990년대 이후 국내 남성복의 여성화경향

박옥련,이현지 한국의류학회 2004 한국의류학회지 Vol.28 No.2

The purpose of this study is to analyze how the men's fashion with the representation of Feminization which has appeared on our specialized fashion magazine from 1990 though 2003. Firstly, the factor which exposed the representation of Feminization in men's fashion were the change of conventional sex role, the change of ideal beauty, the variety of information, the pursuit of personality and the polycentrism of thought. Secondly, the formative characteristics of Feminization in men's fashion represented fitted silhouettes which distinctively show the body line, elastic fabric and see-through fabric of androgynous image, accessory and wave hair which expressed in gentle image. In colors, it represented vivid tone, pastel tone, red colors and yellow colors. Fitted silhouttes and elastic of change of ideal beauty since 2000. Therefore, elements of representation of Feminization in men's fashion were silhoutte, fabric, color, accessory, hairstyle and the representation of feminity in men's fashion has referance to fashion.

山神圖에 나타난 服飾形態에 관한 硏究

박옥련,박정희 경성대학교 1997 論文集 Vol.18 No.1

The worship to The Guardian of The Mountains has been a mental foundation of the Korean people from the ancient age up to the present as a civilian religion. Presently, almost every temples and shaman enshrines The Guardian of Mountains. We surely could see the various thoughts that are involved in the Natural worship, Ancestor worship, Prayers, Buddhism and Necromancers which contains the basis of national emotions from The Dress/Ornaments and shaman's tools shown on the pictures of The Guardian of The Mountains. We can obtain following result from the study of the Dress/Ornaments shown on the pictures of The Guardian of The Mountains out of the pictures of the shaman: First, the type of the most of the head-ornaments shown on the pictures of The Guardian of The Mountains has either the forms of BOK-KUN, TONGCHUN-KWAN, SANGTOO-KWAN or covered hoods after wearing SANGTOO-KWAN. This CHANG-EUI and BOK-KUN seems to indicate the image of the fairly wizard of The Guardian of The Mountains who had indulged in the scholarship living in easy retirement at the deep mountains. Second, When we synthesize the forms of the clothes of the mountain guardian. The features were wearing white underwears and white on striped red costumes. It shows the tendency of long terms in the length of the sleeves and costumes which seems to enhance more the dignity and divinity of the mountain guardians. Also there were many of the colors of blue, green, white, black and red shown on the costumes which seems to indicate the strong incantational meaning of curing diseases by using necromancing colors. Third, When we arrange the symbols of the shaman's tools. there are peaches showing long-life and expelling out the wicked ghosts, the elixir of life which indicates the pray for eternal life. And the fruits, the bamboo shoots and the pomegrante etc., which means of the pregnancy and many of sons birth. We also can summarize that the ax simultaneously indicates the mind of the prayers who want the boy and God's dignity who can punish the human-beings in this mundane world.

服飾意匠品에 나타난 水紋樣

박옥련,윤현주 慶星大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.19 No.2

In this thesis deals with SUMUNYANG(Water Pattern) which stands for the birth and the resurrection of human and symbolize the infinite ability of man, and study of this will help understanding the thought of our ancestros about SU(water) and their unique skills in patterning. 1. The historical background of SU SU represents legendary originality of giving birth to a life and growth. As one of the ten elements of SIPJANGSAENG, symbolizes the cleaness and purity as the fundamental element of birth, and our ancestors patterned its infinity. Being as anoe of the five element of YEUM and YANG, SU belongs to YEUM, harmonizing HWA(fire), and enables all living things to be born and grow. Symbols of noe, six, seven, three which has the meaning of SU, stands for the existence of life and death in human beings. 2. Development of SUMUNYANG in its shape and pattern S-Shape and PASANGMUN, half-circled wave shape, patterning the movement of SU as S-shape or half-circle shape, are found in earthenware of Late stone Age(Neolithic Age) and in the patterns on sword of SAMKUK Age. WAGWONMUM (a swirl pattern) is appeared as simple linear and curved line in the Bronze Age. And movement of line became more realistic in the pattern on the mirror in KOREA Age. Padomun (murmuring wave pattern), being different from CHUNGHAEPA, shows its SU pattern lide th real thing. CHUMGHAEPAMUN represents geometrically repeated wavy pattern, and schematized SU the most realistically, this pattern are found in the Age of Yi Dynasty. 3. SUMUNYANG, shown in clothing is appeared as CHUNGHAEPAMUN and this pattern was popular on HYUNGBAE(mark on the garment and cloth of king and queen, MUNMUBAGKWAN. In this pattern, SUMUNYANG plays as the assistant pattern, and background pattern, and provides stability in the coposition.

한무숙의 소설의 언어에 대하여

이옥련 숙명여자대학교 2003 숙명語文論集 Vol.- No.5

It is said that Han Mu Suk’s works deal with "professional mind and the theme of salvation" (Koo Joong Suh, 1985) or "pursuit of the complete purity, the world of rancor and the changing the novel into poetry (Jung Young Ja, 1998)". They are all about the topic and the literaly style and the reason for them is that the words in her novels show some examples of our traditional speech propriety. She was born in 1918 and passed away in 1993. Through her lifetime, she experienced several important events of modern and contemporary history such as the Japanese invasion, the Korean War, 4.19 Revolution and 5.16 Rebellion. She carefully and also correctly recorded about the suffering of nation and the pictures of social changes (the process of new education’s induction, the annulment of a status) as she experienced in those situations. Consequently, the words in her novels are such important materials show Korean modern and contemporary histories. Above all, she explains in detail about the particular vocabularies in her nov els. In brief, this is the feature of choosing and using words. A novelist can be described as a person who writes about ‘history’ In novels, tradition and variety coexist as diachronic and synchronic properties do. Furthermore, there are public morals of the period and religions overwhelm the period in novels. As a witness of the period she experienced, Han Mu Suk precisely described the periodic pain and public morals through her novels, and the words in her novels that record about the lives of the timesuch as titles, designation, clothing, food and popular beliefs and so on play an important role in documentary literature as her novels treat many-sided worlds such as vocabularies of the table, Buddhism, Catholicism, folk beliefs. For those reasons, the words in her novels are literary and scientific that could be judged as great heritage of our speech culture. Sorman who is a cultural critic asserted that twenty first centry is the cultural century. Twenty first century might be the war of cultures and various cultures will be spread around. Accordingly, we will have to give attention to the code of our speech culture that is unique.

唐代 女性 服飾에 관한 考察

朴玉連,李寬伊 慶星大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.19 No.2

In Tang Dynasty, the country was unified, the economy was prosperous and the political situation was relatively stable. These spelt the solid foundation on which the rich and colourful varieties in the women's fashion. The results of the researches were as follows. 1. Women were short jackets(유) and long skirts(裙), their silhouettes were long and triangle shapes. Also, they wore long and narrowed shawls(피) which colour and prints were brilliant and variegated. 2. In hair, the high bun style were very popular, by using the wig, hair pin, combs and Boyo(步搖). The style of cosmetics were various and strange, but they performed sexuality. The women's fashion of Tnag Dynasty greatly influenced the other countries.

농어촌 지역의료보험의 정책과제와 전망

문옥륜 서울大學校 保健大學院 1994 보건학논집 Vol.31 No.1

The cost of rural health insurance has in creased 23.5% per annum for the past five years, which is equivalent to two-fold that of the industrial workers health insurance. Those 136 rural health insurance associations have made a surplus of 101 billion won by 1993. However, it is problematic that differences in the power of financial solvency among rural health insurance associations become greater. In fact, 8 rural associations ran financially red in 1993. The rural conditions expect to be aggravated rapidly under the pressure of the Uruguay Round agreement. The eight policy objectives are set to overcome the impending financial problems. This study recommended that: ① The grants-in-aid be provided to the worthy poor rural associations at the end of fiscal year. The worthy poor rural associations have indicated that those rural associations paying the national average amount of contributions, yet making a financial deficit. ② The average net amount of contributions for the rural health insurance be maintained less than that for industrial workers and public officials and private school teachers. It is decided that in the long run the rural farmers and fishmen pay contributions according to their financial ability. ③ The benefit period of 180 days per annum be gradually expanded to 365 days within three and six years. ④ The use of high cost technology such as CT and MRI be included under the benefit package. ⑤ The copayment of the poor be adjusted according to their ability to pay. ⑥ The corresponding preventive health services be included for members of rural insurance like those of other health insurances. ⑦ As to the efficient management, the optimum size of rural health insurance associations be pursued to get the advantage of economy of scale effect. ⑧ A change of payment method be considered for correcting the known disadvantages of fee-for-service payment. The DRGs is an example. Some proposals mentioned above are the same as those made by the National Medical Security Reforming Committee. This study recommends the six stepwise approach to implement the proposals: ① The law be amended in a manner for the government to subsidize rural health insurance for the half of administration costs and that of benefit expenses. About 100 billion won will be reserved from this measure. ② A financial adjustment scheme be developed for the assistance to elderly care. From the scheme, about 70 billion won will be reserved in 1996. ③ Another financial adjustment scheme be added for the financial solvency of the worthy poor association. ④ The corresponding raise of contribution is another potential source in accordance with the raise of insurance benefits. ⑤ (If financially in red still) the organization of a national farmers health insurance is another possibility. ⑥ (Despite these measures deficit financing continuing) the last approach is to switch into the tax system for farmers and fisbmen. The author believes that gradual reform can serve people better health. Thus, a stepwise approach is strongly needed in planning the rural health insurance program.

朝鮮時代 十二章紋의 根源 및 傳來動向에 관한 硏究

朴玉連 慶星大學校 1986 부산수산대학 논문집 Vol.7 No.2

Orientation and change process of clothes pattern is not only traditional beauty formation of the country and the people, but also the expression of their real life history. Therefore the patterns of clothes represent the meaning of the age, the philosophy of the people and their idea. Among them the patterns of in their clothes has close relations with human's life. Therefore it plays great role in their language and culture. Sibijangmoon (twelve patterns) in the Emperor's clothes of old China and Yi Dynasty represent their super authority as the symbolic meaning for rule of their country. Therefore through this study first of all I research the origination in their forms and names through the remains, which was already used by Yi Dynasty's Myunbok systematized form Han Dynasty of old China. In the second place, sibijangmoon's (twelve patterns) Myunbok was introduced in the ruling period of King Moonjong in Korea Dynasty from China. But Sibijangmoon (twelve patterns) appeared in a lot of remains except Jangbok because of the frequent comings and goings with China in the period of three countries' ruling before Korea Dynasty. They were widely used through Yi Dynastry from Korea Dynasty. In the third place, the authority of Japan established the regulation of wearing Sibijangmoon (twelve patterns) in Emperor Demmudennow's ruling period when they had frequented comings and goings with Tang Dynasty in China and it was adopted in Emperor Shomowdennow's ruling period, and then was abolished in Emperor Meijisin's ruling period. Types and position of the patterns showed more changes in center of crown-carved Ilmoon (Symbol of Sun) In the fourth place, the use of Sibijang (twelve patterns) expresses of difference in types and assignment according to the age and qualified by number of patterns. In the fifth place, Sibijang (twelve patterns) of Myunbok donated by China was used by the principle of rank degredation--Kujangbok by King, Chiljangbok by King Prince, Ojangbok by King's grandson, but Sibijang (twelve patterns) was used after King Kojong of Yi Dynasty acceeded to Emperor. Like the above mentioned, Sibijang (twelve patterns) of Myunbok--IL(Symbol of Sun), Wol (Symbol of Moon), Sungjin (Symbol of great bear), San(Symbol of mountain), Yong (Symbol of Dragon), Hwa (Symbol of Fire), Hwachoong (Symbol of Pheasant), Jongi (Picture of Tiger of Monkey), Cho (Symbol of water grass). Bunmi (Symbol of Rice), Po (Symbol of Axe), Bool (Symbol of twin dragon)--transferd to Korea and Japan from China. Therefore Sibijang (twelve patterns) rooted in each country according to their own tradition and colored by their own thought in same cultural circle. Finally it's my intention in contributing of material development of Korean patterns which owns their own originality mixed with modernism.

수도용 농약후치왕, 오트란의 작물 및 토양에서의 잔류와 분해

백옥련,노정구,김택제 한국응용생명화학회 1982 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.25 No.2

농약의 사용량이 급격히 증가함에 따른 농약의 자연 환경에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고 농약의 안전성 평가에 관한 연구방법을 정립하기 위하여 우리나라에서 많이 쓰이고 있는 수도용 농약 중 살균제인 후치왕(Fujione, Isoprothiolane)과 살충제인 오트란(Ortran, Acephate)의 토양에서의 잔류성과 수도 작물에의 잔류성에 대해 포장실험 및 실험실적 방법으로 조사하였다. 벼, 볏짚, 현미 및 백미에서의 농약의 잔류 또는 농약의 처리된 횟수에 따라 다르게 나타났는데 후치왕의 경우 백미 중 농약 함양은 0.07~0.99ppm이었고 오트란은 0.01~0.53ppm이었다. 또한 후치왕의 반감기는 실험실적인 방법으로 호기조건하에서 30일, 담수조건하에서 150일 인데 반해 포장에서는 약 100일로 나타났다. 오트란의 경우는 호기, 담수조건하에서 각각 3~4일, 13~14일이었다. Residues of Fujione (Fudiolan, fungicide) and Ortran (Acephate, insecticide) in Korean rice crop were studied. Also the persistencies of the pesticides in rice paddy soil were investigated in field and in laboratory. The residual levels of the pesticides in rice plant, straw, unpolished and polished rice were varied with the application rates of the pesticides. The residues of Fujione and Ortran in unpolished rice were 0.07~0.09ppm and 0.01~0.53ppm, respectively. The half life of Fujione was 30 days under aerobic and 150 days under flooded Condition in the laboratory system. Whereas in the paddy field it was about 100 days. In the case of Ortran it was 3~4 days ana 13~14 days in aerobic and flooded condition, respectively in laboratory system.