INFLUENCE OF SODIUM BUTYRATE AND TRIBUTYRIN ON MITOTIC INDEX IN SHEEP RUMINAL EPITHELIUM

Ohwada, S.,Tamate, H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1989 Animal Bioscience Vol.2 No.3

Serum albumin levels and their correlates among individuals with motor disorders at five institutions in Japan

Hiroko Ohwada,Takeo Nakayama,Yuki Kanaya,Yuki Tanaka 대한지역사회영양학회 2017 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.11 No.1

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The level of serum albumin is an index of nourishment care and management. However, the distribution and correlates of serum albumin levels among individuals with motor disorders have not been reported until now. Therefore, we examined the distribution and correlates of serum albumin levels among individuals with motor disorders. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional study on 249 individuals with motor disabilities (144 men, mean age: 51.4 years; 105 women, mean age: 51.4 years) was conducted at five institutions in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan in 2008. The results were compared with data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey. RESULTS: The mean serum albumin levels were 4.0 ± 0.4 g/dL for men and 3.8 ± 0.5 g/dL for women. Overall, 17 (11.8%) men and 25 (23.8%) women had hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin level ≤ 3.5 g/dL); these proportions were greater than those among healthy Japanese adults (≤ 1%). Low serum albumin level was related with female sex, older age, low calf circumference, low relative daily energy intake, low hemoglobin (Hb), low blood platelet count, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low HbA1c, and high C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. The strongest correlates, based on standardized betas, were Hb (0.321), CRP (-0.279), and HDL-C (0.279) levels. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the prevalence of hypoalbuminemia is higher in individuals with motor disabilities than in healthy individuals and that inflammation is a strong negative correlate of serum albumin levels. Therefore, inflammation should be examined for the assessment of hypoalbuminemia among institutionalized individuals with motor disabilities.

Effect of B-site Randomness on the Antiferroelectric/Relaxor Nature of the Ground State: Inelastic X-ray Scattering Study of Pb(In_(1/2)Nb_(1/2))O_3

Kenji Ohwada,Tatsuo Fukuda,Jun’ichiro Mizuki,Kazuma Hirota,Hikaru Terauchi,Satoshi Tsutsui,Alfred Q. R. Baron,Hidehiro Ohwa,Naohiko Yasuda 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.31

Pb(In_(1/2)Nb_(1/2))O_3 (PIN) can be antiferroelectric (AFE), ferroelectric (FE) or a relaxor depending upon the perovskite B-site randomness. In order to clarify the effect of B-site randomness, we studied the dynamics of ordered PIN without B-site randomness (O-PIN, AFE), which will give us a clear picture of the AFE/relaxor nature of the ground state due to B-site randomness. The quasielastic (QE) scattering shows a critical slowing down near the Γ-point and the transverse acoustic (TA) mode shows a softening trend at a finite wavenumber position (not at the Γ-point) towards the AFE phase transition temperature (T_N ∼ 450 K). On the other hand, the transverse optic (TO) mode shows a softening near the Γ-point toward low temperature with no clear anomaly at T_N. These results indicate that the AFE phase transition is associated with the TA mode and the origin of the QE scattering while a ferroelectric correlation exists behind the AFE ordering. The effect of B-site randomness is finally discussed on the basis of the results.

Effects of Chemical Composition and Temperature for the Production of Volatile Fatty Acids During Anaerobic Decomposition Process of Marine Sinking Particles

Park, Young Tae,OHWADA, Kouichi,Nishimura, Masahiko 한국수산학회 1996 한국수산과학회지 Vol.29 No.6

Anaerobic decomposition experiments were performed to know the effect of chemical composition and temperature for the production of volatile fatty acids(VFAs) from marine sinking particles. Sinking particles were obtained with sediment traps set in Aburatsubo Inlet, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, in February, May and August. Sinking particles collected in May were composed of higher fraction of chl. a than the other two months. February and May samples were used to perform the decomposition experiments. VFAs production rates were higher in May sample than February. The production rates increased with increase of incubation temperature, and order of production rates of four VFAs were acetate>n-butyrate>propionate>iso-butyrate at 10℃ and 20℃. At 28℃, the production rate of propionate was higher than n-butyrate. Based on these results, it is considered that production of VFAs from sinking particles during anaerobic decomposition depends on the chemical composition and temperature.

Simple Finite-Volume Implicit Large Eddy Simulation for Compressible Turbulent Flows

Y. Tanaka,T. Ohwada 한국전산유체공학회 2022 한국전산유체공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.10

Early Fusion Status after Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion with Cortical Bone Trajectory Screw Fixation: A Comparison of Titanium-Coated Polyetheretherketone Cages and Carbon Polyetheretherketone Cages

Hironobu Sakaura,Atsunori Ohnishi,Akira Yamagishi,Tetsuo Ohwada 대한척추외과학회 2019 Asian Spine Journal Vol.13 No.2

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Purpose: We recently reported that when compared to posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) using traditional pedicle screw fixation, PLIF with cortical bone trajectory screw fixation (CBT-PLIF) provided favorable clinical outcomes and reduced the incidence of symptomatic adjacent segment pathology, but resulted in relatively lower fusion rates. Since titanium-coated polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cages (TP) could improve and accelerate fusion status after CBT-PLIF, early fusion status was compared between CBT-PLIF using TP and carbon PEEK cages (CP). Overview of Literature: A systematic review demonstrated that clinical studies at this early stage show similar fusion rates for TP compared to PEEK cages. Methods: We studied 36 consecutive patients undergoing CBT-PLIF with TP (TP group) and 92 undergoing CBT-PLIF with CP (CP group). On multiplanar reconstruction computed tomography (MPR-CT) at 6 months postoperatively, vertebral endplate cysts (cyst signs) were evaluated and classified as diffuse or local cysts. Early fusion status was assessed by dynamic plain radiographs and MPR-CT at 1 year postoperatively. Results: The incidences of cyst signs, diffuse cysts, and early fusion rate in the TP and CP groups were 38.9% and 66.3% (p<0.01), 16.7% and 32.6% (p=0.07), and 83.3% and 79.3% (p>0.05), respectively. Combining the two groups, 22 of 36 patients with diffuse cysts had nonunion at 1-year follow-up, compared to only three of 92 patients with local cysts or without cyst signs (p<0.01). Conclusions: Despite having fewer patients with endplate cysts at 6 months (a known risk factor for nonunion), the TP group had the same fusion rate as the CP group at 1-year follow-up. Thus, TP did not accelerate the fusion process after CBT-PLIF.

심해(深海) 해양미생물(海洋微生物)의 분리(分離) 및 분리균(分離菌)의 생태적(生態的) 특징(特徵)에 관한 연구(硏究)

이원재 ( Won Jae Lee ),대하전광일 ( Kouichi Ohwada ) 한국수산학회 1995 한국수산과학회지 Vol.28 No.4

일본의 Sagami bay와 Suruga bay의 810~4,000m되는 심해서 재취한 시료에서 Flavobacterium sp., Pseudomonas sp., Vibrio sp. 균종을 불리하였다. 이들중 barophilic과 psychrophilic bacteria인 sp.-86과 sp.-87를 분리동정하고 압력단계별 성장속도를 조사한 결과 400기압에서도 잘 성장하였고 특히 100기압에서 가장 성장속도가 좋았다. 균의 형태는 1기압의 균 형태에 비하여 400기압에서 성장한 간균이 30~50배 이상 긴 간균 형태였으나(Fig. 3), 다시 1기압에 방치하면 단간균으로 균괴(flock)를 형성한다(Fig. 4). 이들 균의 발육온도 범위는 5~37℃까지 발육하며, NaCl 농도의 범위는 sp.-86은 0.5~9%이고 최석성장 농도가 3%, sp.-87 균주의 지방산 조성은 C(20-22) C(16:1), C(16:0)순으로 높은 햠량이었고 400기압에서는 C(18:1), C(18:0), C(20-22:0)의 함량순을 보였다. SP.-87균주는 C(16:1), C(14:1), C(20-22:0)의 순이었고 400기압에서는 C(14:1), C(12:0), C(16:1)의 순으로 함량조성이 변하였다. 아미노산 조성은 sp.-86의 경우 aspartic acid, methionine, glutamic acid 함량순이었고 400기압에서는 methionine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid 함량순이었다. Sp.-87의 균주는 methionine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid 순이었고 400기압에서는 methionine이 가장 높은 함량이고 glutamic acid, isoleucine 순으로 높은 함량이었다. Flavobacterium spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Vibrio spp. were isolated from samples(sediments) of Sagami Bay and Suruga Bay(in Japan) at 810~4,000 m in depth. Among isolated strains, Vibrio sp.-86 and sp.-87 strains were identified as barophilic and psychrophilic ones. They grew in 400 atm and showed best growth at 100 atm. Marine bacteria grown at 400 atm were long rod shape and 30 to 50 times longer than those grown at 1 atm. which were short rod shape and formed flocks (aggregates). Vibrio sp.-86 strain grew at 5~37℃ and 0.5-9.0% NaCl (3.0% of optimum concentration), while Vibrio sp.-87 strain grew at 1-7% NaCl (2.0% of optimum concentration). The fatty acid compositions of Vibrio sp.-86 strain grown at 1 atm were C20~C(22:0), C(16:1), and C(16:0) in the order of their abundance and at 400 atm the order were C(18:1), C(18:0), and C20~C22, whereas those of Vibrio sp.-87 strain at 1 atm were C(16:1), C(14:1), and C20~C22 and at 400 atm the order were C(14:1), C(12:0), and C(16:1). The amino acids compositon of Vibrio sp.-86 strain grown at 1 atm were abundant in the order of aspartic acid, methionine, and glutamic acid and those at 400 atm were abundant in the order of methionine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid. The amino acids compositon of Vibrio sp.-87 strain grwon at 1 atm were abundant in the order of methionine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid and those at 400 atm were abundant in the order of methionine, glutamic acid, and isoleucine.

Fixation Strength of Caudal Pedicle Screws after Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion with the Modified Cortical Bone Trajectory Screw Method

Hironobu Sakaura,Toshitada Miwa,Tomoya Yamashita,Yusuke Kuroda,Tetsuo Ohwada 대한척추외과학회 2016 Asian Spine Journal Vol.10 No.4

Study Design: Clinical case series. Purpose: In the posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) procedure in our institute, the cephalad screw trajectory follows a mediolateral and caudocephalad directed path according to the original cortical bone trajectory (CBT) method. However, the starting point of the caudal screw is at the medial border of the pedicle on an articular surface of the superior articular process, and the trajectory takes a mediolateral path parallel to the cephalad endplate. The incidence of caudal screw loosening after PLIF with this modified CBT screw method was investigated, and significant risk factors for caudal screw loosening were evaluated. Overview of Literature: A biomechanical study of this modified caudal screw trajectory using the finite element method reported about a 20% increase in uniaxial yield pullout load compared with the traditional trajectory. However, there has been no clinical study concerning the fixation strength of this modified caudal screw trajectory. Methods: The subjects were 193 consecutive patients who underwent single-level PLIF with modified CBT screw fixation. Caudal screw loosening was checked in computed tomography at 6 months after surgery, and screw loosening was defined as a radiolucency of 1 mm or more at the bone-screw interface. Results: The incidence of caudal screw loosening after lumbosacral PLIF (46.2%) was significantly higher than that after floating PLIF (6.0%). No significant differences in sex, brand of the instruments, and diameter and length of the caudal screw were evident between patients with and without caudal screw loosening. Patients with caudal screw loosening were significantly older at the time of surgery than patients without caudal screw loosening. Conclusions: Fixation strength of the caudal screw after floating PLIF with this modified CBT screw technique was sufficiently acceptable. Fixation strength after the lumbosacral procedure was not.

Postoperative Loss of Lumbar Lordosis Affects Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Pseudoarthrosis after Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Using Cortical Bone Trajectory Screw Fixation

Yamagishi Akira,Sakaura Hironobu,Ishii Masayoshi,Ohnishi Atsunori,Ohwada Tetsuo 대한척추외과학회 2021 Asian Spine Journal Vol.15 No.3

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate relationships between clinical outcomes and radiographic parameters in patients with pseudoarthrosis after posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF). Overview of Literature: In some patients with pseudoarthrosis after PLIF, clinical symptoms improve following surgery, although pseudoarthrosis can often be one of the complications. However, there are no previous reports describing differences between patients with pseudoarthrosis after PLIF who have obtained better clinical outcomes and those who have not. Methods: Twenty-seven patients who were diagnosed with pseudoarthrosis after single-level PLIF with cortical bone trajectory screw fixation (CBT-PLIF) were enrolled in this study. They were divided into two groups based on mean improvement of 22 points on the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) at the 2-year follow-up. Group G consisted of 15 patients who showed improvement on the ODI of ≥22 points, and group P consisted of the residual 12 patients. Radiographic parameters, percentage of slip, lumbar lordosis (LL), segmental lordosis, segmental range of motion, screw loosening, and subsidence were compared between the two groups. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups on radiographic parameters except for postoperative changes in LL. Although surgery-induced changes in LL showed no significant difference between the two groups, changes in LL from before surgery to 2-year follow-up and during postoperative 2-year follow-up were significantly better in group G (mean change of LL: +3.5° and +5.1°, respectively) compared to group P (mean change of LL: −4.6° and −0.5°, respectively) (p<0.01 and 0.05, respectively). Conclusions: Patients with greater improvement in ODI gained LL over the 2-year follow-up, whereas patients with less improvement in ODI lost LL during the 2-year follow-up. These results indicate that there is a significant correlation between clinical outcomes and LL even in patients with pseudoarthrosis after single-level CBT-PLIF.

Tetraspanin CD9 modulates ADAM17-mediated shedding of LR11 in leukocytes

Shokichi Tsukamoto,Masahiro Takeuchi,Takeharu Kawaguchi,Emi Togasaki,Atsuko Yamazaki,Yasumasa Sugita,Tomoya Muto,Shio Sakai,Yusuke Takeda,Chikako Ohwada,Emiko Sakaida,Naomi Shimizu,Keigo Nishii,Meizi 생화학분자생물학회 2014 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.46 No.-

LR11, also known as SorLA or SORL1, is a type-I membrane protein from which a large extracellular part, soluble LR11 (sLR11), is released by proteolytic shedding on cleavage with a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17). A shedding mechanism is presumed to have a key role in the functions of LR11, but the evidence for this has not yet been demonstrated. Tetraspanin CD9 has been recently shown to regulate the ADAM17-mediated shedding of tumor necrosis factor-a and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on the cell surface. Here, we investigated the role of CD9 on the shedding of LR11 in leukocytes. LR11 was not expressed in THP-1 monocytes, but it was expressed and released in phorbol 12-myristate13-acetate (PMA)-induced THP-1 macrophages (PMA/THP-1). Confocal microscopy showed colocalization of LR11 and CD9 proteins on the cell surface of PMA/THP-1. Ectopic neo-expression of CD9 in CCRF-SB cells, which are LR11-positive and CD9-negative, reduced the amount of sLR11 released from the cells. In contrast, incubation of LR11-transfected THP-1 cells with neutralizing anti-CD9 monoclonal antibodies increased the amount of sLR11 released from the cells. Likewise, the PMA-stimulated release of sLR11 increased in THP-1 cells transfected with CD9-targeted shRNAs, which was negated by treatment with the metalloproteinase inhibitor GM6001. These results suggest that the tetraspanin CD9 modulates the ADAM17-mediated shedding of LR11 in various leukemia cell lines and that the association between LR11 and CD9 on the cell surface has an important role in the ADAM17-mediated shedding mechanism.