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Odette Nehza,우경식,천종화,Jang-Jun Bahk,Jin Kyung Kim,현상민 한국지질과학협의회 2012 Geosciences Journal Vol.16 No.1
Carbonate concretions associated with recently discovered gas hydrates from the East Sea (Sea of Japan), Korea, were investigated to delineate their origin based on textural, mineralogical and stable isotopic data. Authigenic carbonates were sampled from the 8 m-long piston core recovered from a water depth of 2072 m during a gas hydrate exploration cruise in June 2007. The carbonate concretions occur at three intervals from a depth of 220 to 280 cm from the top of core within hemipelagic muds above massive and vein-filling gas hydrate layers from depth of 329 to 655 cm. Semi-lithified carbonates occur as concretions with knobby, rounded and irregular morphologies. Textural observation of the concretions reveals porous surfaces with a spongy texture and distinctive internal layering. These concretions are mostly composed of aragonite with relatively minor contribution of calcite, with transition from calcite- to aragonite-dominating phase towards the periphery. Highly negative 13C values (13C = 43 to 27‰ PDB) suggest that methane was the main carbon source for their formation. Oxygen isotope values (18O = 1.1 to 3.1‰ PDB) are slightly enriched due to the relatively stable cold temperature of the East Sea bottom water (04 ûC). Distinctively separate and narrow ranges of stable isotope compositions from each concretion and the enrichment of carbon isotopes with depth indicate that the concretions at three intervals formed independently during different periods, but under similar anoxic diagenetic conditions by anaerobic oxidation of methane. In addition, distinctive geochemical clusters of each concretion with depleting oxygen isotope trend toward the periphery strongly suggest that the concretions in this study were formed separately by pore water interactions with adjacent surrounding pelagic muds.
Verification of Mechanical Properties of A V-4Cr-4Ti Alloy Using Finite Element Method
Lee, Choon Yeol,Donahue, E.G.,Odette, G.R. Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2005 Key Engineering Materials Vol.297 No.-
<P>Vanadium alloys in the composition range around V-4Cr-4Ti have been proposed as candidate materials for fusion reactor applications and structures. These applications will require detailed characterization of constitutive and fracture properties. This study is aimed at understanding the basic constitutive and fracture mechanisms in vanadium alloys. Understanding of the basic constitutive and fracture mechanisms is achieved through a series of mechanical tests. These test results are combined with quantitative models of the underlying macro- and micromechanics. In addition to these experimental studies, finite element analysis (FEA) techniques are used to determine stress and strain fields to verify the constitutive law used in the fracture specimens.</P>