Unit Root and Cointegration Tests of Puraching Power Parity in the Pacific Rim

Kim, Jin_ock 제주대학교 1992 논문집 Vol.34 No.1

구매력평가설(Thory of Purchasing Power Parity)에 관한 문헌을 개관하여 보면 구매력평가설이 성립하기 위한 가정의 적합성에 관하여 상당한 논란의 여지가 있음을 알 수 있다. 지금까지 행해진 경험적 분석들은 미국·유럽 및 일본경제에 있어서 구매력 평가설의 성립여부를 검정한 것 들이었다. 이러한 검정결과들은 구매력평가설이 성립하는 것을 옹호하는 편이지만, 그 암묵적 가정은 구매력평가설이 유사한 산업구조를 갖고 있는 국가들 사이에 성립한다는 것이다. 그러나 이러한 가정은 적절하지 못하다. 이러한 관점에서, 한국경제를 주축으로 한 환태평양지역에서 구매력평가설의 성과를 규명코자 시계열분석의 일환인 공적분 검정(Cointegration Test)과 단위근 검정(Unit Root Test)을 하였다. 공적분 검정결과에 의하면 태국을 제외한 국가들(미국, 독일, 일본, 필리핀, 인도)에 있어서 구매력평가설은 성립하지 않았다. 즉 한국경제에 있어서 구매력평가설은 성립하지 않음을 알 수 있다. 전형적인 이론에 의하면, 단기에 있어서 통화공급충격은 구매력평가의 편차를 야기하지만, 장기에 있어서 이러한 편차는 소멸된다. 반면에 실질충격(Oil Shock, 정부지출)은 단기 또는 장기에서 구매력평가의 편차를 야기한다. 따라서 본 논문의 항후 연구과제는 환태평양지역에서 구매력평가설이 성립하지 않음을 이론적으로 재규명하고 동시에 경험적 분석을 하는 데 있다.

Scrambling of Adjunct and Last Resort

Cho, Jai Hyoung,Kim, Ock Hwan 대한언어학회 1999 언어학 Vol.7 No.2

Cho, Jai-Hyoung and Kim, Ock-Hwan. 1999. Scrambling of Adjunct and Last Resort. Linguistics 7-$ 39-59. This paper deals with long-distance scrambling of adjuncts in Korean and Japanese with respect to the Last Resort principle. It is claimed that long-distance scrambled arguments are base-generated in the surface non-θ IP-adjoined position and that they must be obligatorily lowered into their θ-position at LF to check their θ-role feature, which is regarded as a movement-driving formal feature. Long-distance scrambled adjuncts are also argued to be base-generated in the IP-adjoined position. Unlike their argument counterparts, they are licensed there since adjuncts do not have any Case or θ-requirement. Thus, they must not be lowered into the embedded clause which they modify, otherwise the Last Resort principle would be violated. (Ajou University)

기능성 식품의 연구현황 : 생약류의 생물활성 중심으로 Biofuntions of herbal medicines

李玉淑 현곡학회 1997 제3의학 Vol.2 No.1

Modern medicine can not solve all the problems caused by many intractable, chronic and aging related diseases hence more people have come to recognize the role of foods for the promotion of good health as well as prevention from illness. Further more, controlled diet are proven to be used as effective cures for certain diseases. In this paper, the definition, functional factors and mechanisms of designer(funtional) foods are reviewed. Especially, the biofuntional activities of herbal medicines which also can be treated as designer foods are intensively noted in this paper.

복식에서의 장신구 역할 및 미적 기능성에 관한 연구 : 현대 금속공예적 관점에서의 고대 장신구를 중심으로 Centered on the ancient jewelry from the view of modern metalcraft

임옥수 한국공예학회 2000 조형디자인연구 Vol.3 No.2

In Ancient time, the jewelry is made to decorate human body. The beginning of jewelry is started to give special role as to help dress and its ornaments; especially as the role of accents. To wear the jewelry as the hard materials from animals teeth, bones and horns or seashells and stones is recognized to join the magical power form ancient time. The jewelry has been told to have the role of charm or decoration. And, in ancient time, the charm and decoration had seldom been discerned. In modern situation, it is not easy to say that the accessory for beauty doesn't have the meaning of charm. We are expecting unconsciously the power getting rid of the bad and to join between human and jewelry. Therefore, the ancient jewelry's roles are considered two parts as the magical power and decoration. We could find the ancient jewelry for decoration in the burial accessories. The part of the decoration design is gem. It is very interesting to find the reflection of the art mode from the small world of gem. But we need to think that the jam is to wear or to attach in the body that it is not remote from our sense as the painting. Of course that there are big size cross to be attached by gems not to wear for the body, but majority of the gem jewellery are jewels to decorate human body. Therefore all the jewelry has deep relation or the motivation of human body shape of it. It's shape has been decided and developed as how to fit the part of the body. For example, the ring, the decorate material, is to be made to fit for the fingers. We could thing the theory of the space of gem as to the part of the body according to the division of jewelry. There are special meanings and shapes like the crown for head, earring, necklace, ring and armlet. The important thing in these ancient jewelry is the individual taste of it is subordinated by the community taste. According to the taste of the individual and community, the role and beautiful point could be changed; and the specification of jewelry could emphasize the role of beautification strongly.

조선시대의 보자기에 나타난 표현기법 연구

김옥광 한국공예학회 1998 조형디자인연구 Vol.1 No.-

There were various classes and levels of handy craft works from simple households to higher level works of art in Yi-dynasty, Korea. One of them, Pojagi, warpping cloth, is an antiquity which shows the women's sense of beauty And we can understand the section of the Yi-dynasty's fiber craft art thru analyzing its expressive technique and structure. Pojagi is very useful to wrap something without charging big volume and has very decorative effect in small inner space. The expressional techniches showed in Pojagi are dyeing, emboidery, patching, quilting and paper works. Basically dipping techniques in dye and drawing on cloth using Chainese paint (Dangchae) and printing patterns using wooden printing plate were applied on Pojagi Dangchae painted Pojagi mainly used in the Royal court are excellent but various type of tie dyeing technique which were prevalent in the period of the three Kingdoms and in an era of an acient Korea state, were not appear. Embroidery techniques appears in many. Pojagies made by private citizen, those are the living embroidery works which are mostly simple and rough feeling. Popular patterns used in embroidery are symmetrical plants and animal design and also character design for long life and happiness. Patched Pojagi shows the common people's good spirit of saving cloths and utilization of waste. Geometrical connection of patch work shows the genius abstract beauty of composition comparing to Mondran's painting. Quilting techniques were applied for Pojagi used in winter. Paper works shows the utilization of oiled paper and technique of cutting, rolling and twisting Hanji, (Korean traditional paper) like glass beads were applied to some decorative Pojagi. Embroidery and patching techniques are aften used but I feel sorry for the rotrgression of the various techniques of weaving and dyeing in comparison to the period of three. Kingdoms and acient Korea state. Even various kinds of fiber art expression techniques are limited, the women's high sense of beauty were designed and embodied to Pojagi under the limit of stringent and distinct difference of social position. I expect that continuous studying Pojagi and the korea image expressed in Pojagi contributes the worldwide crafts and art works and contrubutes industrialization thru getting sympathy of contemporary artist and craftman.

성 정체감 발달에 관한 일 고찰

이옥형 誠信女子大學校 1993 硏究論文集 Vol.33 No.-

Gender identity represents 'the degree to which an individual regards oneself as masculine or feminine.' An individual may be not born with gender identity, and distinction of gender identity is quite a different from stage. This paper will review some of the major in this development. One's basic gender identity is formed during the first 2 or 3 years of life. The two widly cited positions concerning childhood gender identity acqusition are social learning theories and cognitive developmental theories. the preschool period appears to be marked by rapid learning of culturally designated gender-appropriate categories in many areas. In contrast to the first 3 years of life, where the large nonverbal child is the recipient of gender-role information and differential socialization practices, the preschooler is a most participant in the whole process. The preschool period has been considered by investigators of vary theoretical persuasions as being a most signficant one for sex-role socialization and gender identity. When children enter their formal education period, their behavior related with is more distinctive than preschooler. This period is their zenith of boy and girl(child gender) identity. They are influenced by peer group with same sex. The onset of physiological sex maturity may dramatically alter the stability of child gender identity. Child gender identity trans for adult gender identity. Phsical maturity occurs about 2years earlier in girls than boys and has many psychological implication. Body images are often based on early adolescent perception. The physcial maturity may be more stressful for girl. The major sex-role tasks of later adolescence include development of heterosexual interactions and development of vocational interests. Marriage remains a more significant option for many adolescent girls than does occupational sucess. But boys perceive sinificantly their future career. The direct influence of parents in this area may decline, but influence of opposite sex peers, and massmedia may increase. Gender identity of young adult are finding a marriage partner, becoming a parents, and establishing one's vocational competence. The role of wife and mother are centural for femal identity, the role of breadwinner is centural of male identity. However, the problem is that existing sex-role socialization practices have not kept pace with a social environment that is becoming considerably more complex. In middle and later adulthood, both men and women peronality may become switch. Men become more female personality, whereas women become more male personality. The occurrence of menopause can be a crucial biological event for women and retirement has been a critical event for men.

DS-CDMA 의 용량개선을 위한 다중사용자 복조시스템

남옥우,김재형 창원대학교 정보통신연구소 2001 精報通信論文集 Vol.5 No.-

In this paper, we research the concepts and classes of Multi-User Detection Systems. MUD holds much promise for improving DS-CDMA performance and capacity. Multiple access interference significantly limits the performance and capacity of conventional DS-CDMA systems. In MUD, code and timing information of multiple users is jointly used to better detect each individual user. The optimum multi-user sequence detector is known, and provides huge gains in performance and capacity over the conventional detector ; it also minimizes the need for power control. Unfortunately, it is too complex to implement for practical DS-CDMA systems. Many simpler suboptimal MUD have been proposed in the last few years, all of which have the potential to provide substantial performance and capacity gains over the conventional detector. Most of the detectors fall into two categories : linear and subtractive interference cancellation.

네크라인이 둥근형 얼굴에 미치는 시지각적 효과

이옥희,김정숙 서원대학교 응용과학연구소 2001 응용과학연구 Vol.10 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine the visual effects of necklines in dress design. In this study, 3 types of necklines (round neckline, V neckline, square neckline) were selected and each type was divided into five levels based on the vertical and horizontal dimension. For experiments, undergraduate student model was selected. The model is of round face. Experimental designs were made as stimulus by a computer with an image processing system to produce quantitative data. These experimental designs were evaluated by assessment panels through slide projection of the designs. The panels evaluated the experimental design by 9 point rating scale. Flattering neckline-face effect and slim-long neck effect were selected as major effects. The evaluating panel was divided by two groups, one with major in clothing design and the other with non-major. All the data are analyzed by ANOVA and DUCAN test for multiple comparison. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1.The relationship between the neckline types and the face type was highly positive. 2.The most flattering(optimal) neckline designs were found through the experiments and the statistical analysis. The optimal pairs were found to be the deep, V shape neckline for the round face. 3.It was found that the deep, V shape neckline was most highly positive in the slim and long neck effect for round face. 4.The clothing design major group presented similar opinions to those of non-major group. However, the visual recognition ability of the major group was more normalized than the non-major group.

주의력 결핍·과잉행동 장애 아동에 대한 이론적 고찰

이옥형,신현오 誠信女子大學校 2001 硏究論文集 Vol.37 No.-

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD)is one of the most frequently diagnosed behavior problem in the children.The prevalence of this disorder has been estimated between 3 and 5%. The primary symptoms of ADHD is inattention, implusiveness and hyperactivity.Associated problems is learning disabilities, low academic performance,inappropriate adaptive functioning,deficient rule-governed behavior, and probiems with self-regulation of emotion. A varity of etiologies have been proposed for ADHD.The first major factor is neurological one.second is genetic factor.third is interaction with circumstance. At present,the primary characteristics of ADHD and dignostic criteria officially developed for clinical use are set fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM-Ⅳ;American Psychiatric Association,1994). The treatments of ADHD children id stimulant medication therapy, behaviortherapy,cognitive-behavioral therapy and counseling. But ADHD children have emotional problems,for example low self-concept,aggression,anger etc. So It need to cure ADHD childerns emotional problems and to develop new treat model based emotional-behavioral therapy.

일 대학병원 간호사의 직무만족도와 그에 관련된 요인 조사연구

李鈺淑,李星子 全北大學校 1993 論文集 Vol.35 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate selected factors which result in job satisfaction/dissatisfaction on nurses employed in general hospital. The subjects for this study were 217 nurses one hospital in Chon-ju. The nurses were surveyed by means of a questionnaire from December 27, 1992 to January 6, 1993. A job satisfaction questionnaire developed by Slavitt et al. was used for this study. It contains 48 statements and utilizes a Likert type scale of 5. Participants were asked to select response which was congruent with their perceptions of the item. The alpha score of the job satisfaction scale was 0.759. The analysis of data was done by percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient in SPSS. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The overall mean score for the 48 five-point scales of job satisfaction items was 2.798, showing that the subjects of this study were niether satisfied nor dissatisfied. 2. To indentify the specific job related factors that result in job satisfaction/dissatisfaction, the 48 items of job satisfaction were divided into 6 areas and the mean scores and % of agreement were compared. The specific job related factor that resulted in job satisfaction was professional status and those that resulted in job satisfaction were pay, task requirements and administration. But the areas of autonomy and interaction did not belong to either side of the specific job related factors. 3. In the correlationship between 6 areas of job satisfaction levels, the higher the level of pay, the higher the level of administration(r = .5137, p = .000). 4. An analysis of the relationship between job satisfaction and general characteristics of the subjects was founded to be statistically significant for : age(F = 5.433. p = .0003), marrige(F = -2.02, p = .044), work experience(F = 3.5055, p = .0046), status(t = -3.48, p = .001), the nurses intention to stay(F = 3.7564, p = .0116).