Gene Gun-Mediated Human Erythropoietin Gene Expression in Primary Cultured Oviduct Cells from Laying Hens

Ochiai, H.,Park, H.M.,Sasaki, R.,Okumura, J.,Muramatsu, T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1999 Animal Bioscience Vol.12 No.1

Factors affecting gene gun-mediated expression of the human erythropoietin gene were investigated in primary cultured oviduct cells from laying hens. The human erythropoietin gene was transfected by a gene gun method at $1.25{\mu}g$ per dish, and cultured in a synthetic serum-free medium for 72 hrs. The concentration of human erythropoietin mRNA was determined by RNA : RNA solution hybridization. In experiment 1, the effect of changing the shooting pressure of DNA-coated microparticles with nitrogen gas was tested at 20 and $60kgf/cm^2$. The results showed that the erythropoietin mRNA concentration was significantly higher at 60 than $20kgf/cm^2$. In experiment 2, the effects of supplementing the medium with fetal calf serum at 10%, and raising the shooting pressure from 60 to $80kgf/cm^2$ on the cell number and erythropoietin gene expression were examined. Although supplementation with fetal calf serum significantly increased the cell numbes compared with no supplemented controls (p < 0.05), erythropoietin mRNA concentration per $10^3$ cells was not affected. Raising the shooting pressure from 60 to $80kgf/cm^2$ did not affect either of the parameters, In experiment 3, the effect of supplementing ascorbate 2-phosphate at 0.5 mM was tested. The results indicated that the ascorbate supplementation significantly increased the cell number (p < 0.05), and tended to increase erythropoietin mRNA concentration (p < 0.1). Thus, for human erythropoietin gene expression by using the gene gun method, shooting pressure with nitrogen gas should be sufficient at $60kgf/cm^2$ and supplementation with ascorbate phosphate would be useful to enhance not only the cell proliferation but also erythropoietin gene expression.

Multimodality Treatment for Patients with Node-Positive Prostate Cancer: the Role of Radiation Therapy

Ochiai, Satoru,Nomoto, Yoshihito,Kobayashi, Shigeki,Yamashita, Yasufumi,Watanabe, Yui,Toyomasu, Yutaka,Kawamura, Tomoko,Takada, Akinori,II, Noriko,Sakuma, Hajime Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.4

Prostate cancer is the secondary most frequently diagnosed cancer in the world. Although numerous prospective randomized trial have been conducted to guide the management of patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer, few clinical trials targeting node-positive prostate cancer have been reported. Therefore, there are still controversies in the optimal management of node-positive prostate cancer. Recently, efficacy of multimodality treatment, including radiation therapy (RT), for such patients has been reported in several articles. The results indicate potential benefit of RT both in adjuvant therapy after prostatectomy and in definitive therapy for node-positive prostate cancer. The aim in this article was to summarize the current evidence for RT and evaluate the role in multimodality treatment for patients with node-positive prostate cancer.

In a Grove? Sierra Leone’s 1898 Hut Tax War Reconsidered

Ochiai, Takehiko 한국외국어대학교 아프리카연구소 2017 Asian Journal of African Studies Vol.- No.41

In February1898, an armed uprising occurred in the Protectorate of Sierra Leone soon after the collection of a so-called ‘hut tax’ began in January. The rebellions against the British colonial rule continued for approximately nine months until they were suppressed in November. In Sierra Leone history, this large-scale insurrection is referred to as the Hut Tax War. The British government appointed David Patrick Chalmers as a royal commissioner and dispatched him to Sierra Leone to research the causes and investigate countermeasures. His report was finally submitted to the British Parliament in 1899. The aim of this essay is to examine why the Sierra Leone’s 1898 Hut Tax War occurred, based on the diverse attitudes and opinions of contemporary people expressed in the records of testimony and documents included in Chalmers’ report. This essay mentions six reasons why the war broke out: the introduction of the hut tax, brutality by the Frontier Police Force, inexperienced and overbearing district commissioners, the abolition of slavery and slave-dealing, the loss of authority by the chiefs, and the betrayal by the Creoles. The essay does not pursue a single unambiguous explanation of the truth regarding the causes of the Hut Tax War. Rather, it attempts to elucidate the multifaceted reality of the Hut Tax War as internalised, narrated, and constructed by people involved both directly and indirectly.

Powdered edible locust enhances nitrogen excretion and presents a lowenergy value in growing rats

Ochiai Masaru,Inada Mako 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.4

Edible insects are increasingly recommended as novel sustainable protein sources, but the nutritional properties of edible insects have not been well studied. We investigated whether locust powder can be used as a nutritionally functional food resource with a low energy value using a rat model. Twenty-five male Wistar rats (4-week-old) were fed a basal diet (12 g daily) to which a fixed amount of locust powder (0, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g) was added for 20 days (L0, L0.5, L1.0, and L2.0 groups, respectively). In the sucrose standard group, rats received 12 g of the basal diet daily and 2.0 g of sucrose daily for 20 days (S2.0 group). Body-weight gain and the nutritional composition of the carcasses and feces were determined to estimate the available energy value of locust powder. The L0.5 group had the lowest carcass fat content and energy accumulation, but these values were increased by locust powder in a dose-dependent manner. The net energy value of locust powder was estimated to be 2.78 kcal/g, which was expected to be lower than the calculated theoretical value (4.25 kcal/g) and that of sucrose (3.94 kcal/g). Fecal nitrogen excretion was increased by dietary locust powder in a dosedependent manner (correlation coefficient, R = 0.98), and the carcass nitrogen percentage was not changed, regardless of the dietary content of the locust powder, indicating an increased excretion of proteins or other nonprotein nitrogen compounds derived from the locust powder. These findings suggest that locust powder can be used as a novel food material with a low energy value for humans.

Immune Responses to Vi Capsular Polysaccharide Typhoid Vaccine in Children 2 to 16 Years Old in Karachi, Pakistan, and Kolkata, India

Ochiai, R. Leon,Khan, M. Imran,Soofi, Sajid B.,Sur, Dipika,Kanungo, Suman,You, Young Ae,Habib, M. Atif,Sahito, Shah Muhammad,Manna, Byomkesh,Dutta, Shanta,Acosta, Camilo J.,Ali, Mohammad,Bhattacharya, American Society for Microbiology 2014 CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY Vol.21 No.5

<P>The geometric mean concentration (GMC) and the proportion maintaining a protective level (150 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) units [ELU]/ml) 2 years following a single dose of 25 μg of injectable Vi capsular polysaccharide typhoid vaccine was measured against that of the control hepatitis A vaccine in children 2 to 16 years old in cluster randomized trials in Karachi and Kolkata. The GMC for the Vi group (1,428 ELU/ml) was statistically significantly different from the GMC of the control hepatitis A vaccine group (86 ELU/ml) after 6 weeks. A total of 117 children (95.1%) in the Vi group and 9 (7.5%) in the hepatitis A group showed a 4-fold rise in Vi IgG antibody concentrations at 6 weeks (<I>P</I> < 0.01). Protective antibody levels remained significantly different between the two groups at 2 years (38% in the Vi vaccine groups and 6% in the hepatitis A group [<I>P</I> < 0.01]). A very small proportion of younger children (2 to 5 years old) maintained protective Vi IgG antibody levels at 2 years, a result that was not statistically significantly different compared to that for the hepatitis A group (38.1% versus 10.5%). The GMCs of the Vi IgG antibody after 2 years were 133 ELU/ml for children 2 to <5 years old and 349 ELU/ml for children 5 to 16 years old. In conclusion, Vi capsular polysaccharide typhoid vaccine is immunogenic in children in settings of South Asia where typhoid is highly endemic. The antibody levels in children who received this vaccine remained higher than those in children who received the control vaccine but were significantly reduced at 2 years of follow-up.</P>

The ‘Project of the Personal is Political’

OCHIAI Emi 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2005 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 학술대회자료집 Vol.2005 No.6

Evaluation of the Performance of an Organic Thin Film Solar Cell Prepared Using the Active Layer of Poly[[9-(1-octylnonyl)-9H-carbazole-2.7-diyl]-2.5-thiophenediyl-2.1.3-benzothiadiazole-4.7-Diyl-2.5-thiophenediyl]/[6,6]-Phenyl C₇₁ Butyric Aci

Ochiai, Shizuyasu,Uchiyama, Masaki,Kannappan, Santhakumar,Jayaraman, Ramajothi,Shin, Paik-Kyun The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2012 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.13 No.1

Organic solar cell devices were fabricated using poly[9-(1-octylnonyl)-9H-carbazole-2.7-diyl]-2.5-thiophenediyl-2.1.3-benzothiadiazole-4.7-diyl-2.5-thiophenediyl] PCDTBT/ [6,6]-phenyl $C_{71}$ butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) active layer deposited by spin coating. Moreover, the relationship between solar cell performance and buffer layer thickness was investigated by spin coating speed and AFM imaging of the buffer layer surface. The performance of the organic solar cell with spin-coated active layer was then evaluated, and the power conversion efficiency of the solar cell was determined to be > 5%.

Stress analysis with arbitrary body force by triple-reciprocity BEM

Ochiai, Y.,Kobayashi, T. Techno-Press 2000 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.10 No.4

Linear stress analysis without body force can be easily solved by means of the boundary element method. Some cases of linear stress analysis with body force can also be solved without a domain integral. However, domain integrals are generally necessary to solve the linear stress problem with arbitrary body forces. This paper shows that the linear stress problem with arbitrary body forces can be solved approximately without a domain integral by the triple-reciprocity boundary element method. In this method, the distribution of arbitrary body forces can be interpolated by the integral equation. A new computer program is developed and applied to several problems.

Roles of Valproic Acid in Improving Radiation Therapy for Glioblastoma: a Review of Literature Focusing on Clinical Evidence

Ochiai, Satoru,Nomoto, Yoshihito,Yamashita, Yasufumi,Watanabe, Yui,Toyomasu, Yutaka,Kawamura, Tomoko,Takada, Akinori,Ii, Noriko,Kobayashi, Shigeki,Sakuma, Hajime Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.2

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive type of primary brain neoplasm. The current standard therapy for GBM consists of maximal surgical resection within safe limits, followed by radiation therapy (RT) and chemotherapy with temozolomide. Despite advances in treatment, the prognosis of GBM remains poor. Epileptic seizure is one of the most common symptoms in patients with GBM. Valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, is often used as an anti-epileptic drug in patients with brain neoplasms due to its effectiveness and low toxicity profile. Several in vivo and in vitro studies have indicated that VPA has radiosensitizing effects for gliomas and radioprotective influence on normal brain tissue or hippocampal neurons. The results of several retrospective studies have also indicated potential benefit to improve survival of patients with GBM. Moreover, the promising treatment results of a phase 2 trial of concurrent radiation therapy, temozolomide, and VPA for patients with GBM have been recently reported. The use of VPA in patients with GBM has thus recently receiving more attention. In this article, we review the role of VPA in radiation therapy for GBM, focusing on the clinical evidence.

Pentecostal-Charismatic Christianity and the State in Africa

Takehiko Ochiai 한국외국어대학교 아프리카연구소 2022 Asian Journal of African Studies Vol.- No.52

The aim of this article is to examine the historical evolution of Pentecostal-Charismatic Christianity and its socio-political effects in the area of an African state characterised by personal rule. The Pentecostal-Charismatic movement or Pentecostalism is the most dynamic and globally far-reaching movement within contemporary Christianity. The Pentecostal movement or classical Pentecostalism began as a Christian revival campaign that was active in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and centred on the western coast of the United States. It emphasised direct personal experience of God through baptism with the Holy Spirit. The charismatic movement, also known as neo-Pentecostalism, emerged primarily in the 1960s in North America and Europe. And the Third Wave movement of the Holy Spirit, sometimes called the neo-charismatic movement, arose in the 1980s among American evangelicals. It can be said that the three movements—the Pentecostal, charismatic and Third Wave movements—belong to the same broad thrust of Pentecostal-Charismatic Christianity. The article focuses on the healing crusades organised by Christ for All Nations (CfaN), which is an international evangelistic ministry founded in the 1970s by Reinhard Bonnke, a German missionary aligned with the Pentecostal-Charismatic Christianity, and discusses the interplay between the crusades and African states. To reiterate the findings of this analysis, the Pentecostal-Charismatic movement has a dichotomous effect on African politics: it can help stabilise African states by depoliticising African consciousness and forging close mutual arrangements with national leaders; on the flipside, it can destabilise the states by inflaming religious tensions.